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An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand_supplementary materials2
<p>Database of model evaluation and expert appraisal scores for spatial layers derived from 'An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand'. The atlas provides predicted distribution and associated uncertainty from species distribution models for seafloor associated taxa in the NZ marine environment. Spatial datasets are accessible via a geoportal hosted by the NZ Department of Conservation Portal (<a href="https://doc-marine-data-deptconservation.hub.arcgis.com">https://doc-marine-data-deptconservation.hub.arcgis.com</a>). Abstract to a manuscript supporting the publication of the atlas is given below.</p> <p>The waters of Aotearoa New Zealand span over 4.2 million km<sup>2</sup> of the South Pacific Ocean and harbour a rich diversity of seafloor associated taxa. Due to the immensity and remoteness of the area, there are significant gaps in the availability of data to quantify and map the distribution of seafloor and demersal biodiversity, limiting effective management. In this study, we describe the development and accessibility of an online atlas of seabed biodiversity that aims to fill these gaps. Species distribution models were developed for 579 taxa across four taxonomic groups: demersal fish, reef fish, subtidal invertebrates and macroalgae. Spatial layers for taxa distribution based on habitat suitability were statistically validated and then, as a further check, evaluated by taxonomic experts to provide measures of confidence to guide the future use of these layers. Spatially explicit uncertainty (SD) layers were also developed for each taxon distribution. We generated layer-specific metadata, including statistical and expert evaluation scores, which were uploaded alongside the accompanying spatial layers to an online open access marine data portal hosted by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. The online atlas is fully interactive, with search and plotting functions, and allows the export of single or multiple spatial layers on seafloor biodiversity. The atlas provides the most comprehensive database on the distribution of seafloor taxa for Aotearoa New Zealand and is thus an invaluable resource for managers, researchers and the general public that will guide the management and conservation of seafloor communities.</p> <p> </p>
Low-fold seismic reflection data acquired across the Northern Hikurangi subduction margin and incoming Hikurangi Plateau, New Zealand
<p>Two-dimensional seismic reflection data were acquired on two surveys of the Northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand in 2011 and 2015. The survey data were collected to support research of tectonic structure, slow slip processes, stratigraphic architecture, and thermal state of the subduction margin and incoming plate, as well as to support ocean-floor drilling associated with IODP Expeditions 372 and 375. The surveys include (1) R/V <em>Tangaroa</em> NIWA voyage TAN1114 undertaken in 2011 by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and GNS Science, as part of the <em>OS2020 Northern Hikurangi Margin Geohazards</em> survey; and (2) R/V <em>Rodger Revelle</em> cruise RR1508 undertaken in 2015 by Oregon State University as part of the <em>Subduction Thrust Investigation of New Zealand using Geothermics and Seismics (STINGS)</em> project (see Figure 1). TAN1114 voyage was funded by the New Zealand Government Oceans 2020 Programme, and core research programme funding by NIWA and GNS Science. Cruise RR1508 was funded by NSF grants OCE-1355878 and OCE-1355870.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>R/V <em>Tangaroa</em> TAN1114 Seismic Data</strong></p> <p><strong>Data Acquisition:</strong> The seismic system used on R/V <em>Tangaroa</em> during the 2011 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) survey TAN1114 included a source comprising two Sodera 45/105 GI guns operated in true GI mode. The guns were deployed 35 m behind the vessel RV <em>Tangaroa</em> at 5 m water depth. Lines TAN1114-01 to -13, and part of line 14 were acquired with a shot interval of 10.8 seconds (~25 m sailing at 4.5 knots), providing a nominal coverage of 12-fold data. Part of line TAN1114-14 and lines 15-23 were acquired with a shot interval of 21.6 seconds (~50 m sailing at 4.5 knots), providing a nominal 6-fold coverage. Data were recorded on a Geometrics GeoEel 48-channel seismic streamer with 6 X 100 m active sections, and a group interval of 12.5 m. The streamer was deployed at a depth of 7.5 m, apart from line TAN1114-01 where it was towed at 5 m depth. Depth control was maintained with a CSMX depth control system including three DigiCourse 5011 compass birds. The record length was 8 s and the sample rate 2 ms. Differential GPS was used for positioning. Table 1 summarises TAN1114 recording parameters and Table 2 lists TAN1114 lines acquired and processed. TAN1114 line coordinates are detailed in Table 3.</p> <p><strong>Data Processing:</strong> A total of 29 seismic lines were processed providing 1350 km of multichannel seismic reflection data. The lines were processed to post-stack time-migrated SEGY sections, using GNS Science GLOBE CLARITAS. With allowance for overlap of line segments the data were grouped into 51167 shot-point locations. Raw data were written to disk as IBM standard SEG-Y files. IBM Claritas Extended SEG-Y data were written to disk after geometry was added, after stack, and after migration. Shots were CDP sorted from disk during the stacking process to avoid creating large and unnecessary separate CDP sorted files. </p> <p>Post-stack migration (finite difference migration) has been applied to the stacked sections to produce a dip-true image, this results in clearer resolution of structural features such as faults and folds, and of detailed sedimentary features such as on-lapping and truncated reflections. Sea-floor multiple reflections disturb structural imaging especially in water depths less than 500 m. All seismic data are written to disk as processed sections in SEG-Y format. Line TAN1114-A is a composite splice including parts of lines TAN1114-4A, -6A and 7A. Details of the TAN1114 processing parameters are given in Table 4 and SEG-Y trace headers in Table 5.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>R/V <em>Rodger Revelle</em> RR1508 Seismic Data</strong></p> <p><strong>Data Acquisition:</strong> The 2015 R/V <em>Rodger Revelle</em> survey RR1508 used a seismic system operated by Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Of two sub-regions surveyed during this cruise, only data from the northern Hikurangi margin are presented here. The seismic system used was similar to that on <em>Tangaroa</em> TAN1114, including a source comprising two Sodera 45/105 GI guns operated in true GI mode. The guns were deployed at a depth of 3.5 m and the shot spacing was 25 m. Data were recorded on a Geometrics GeoEel 48-channel seismic streamer with 6 X 100 m active sections, and a group interval of 12.5 m. The streamer was deployed at a depth of 3.5 m. During acquisition of the HKS01 lines, only the nearest 40 data channels were recorded. The record length was 8 s and the sample rate 1 ms. Differential GPS was used for positioning. Table 6 summarises RR1508 recording parameters and Table 7 lists RR1508 lines acquired and processed.</p> <p><strong>Data Processing: </strong>A total of 13 HKS01 seismic lines were processed to post-stack time-migrated SEGY sections, using GNS Science GLOBE CLARITAS. Data processing included application of geometry, sorting, trace editing, normal moveout correction, stack, filtering and finite difference migration. All seismic data are written to disk as processed sections in SEG-Y format. Details of the RR1508 processing parameters are given in Table 8 and SEG-Y trace headers in Table 9.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>List of files</strong></p> <p>Figure 1. TAN1114 and RR1508 seismic line locations on the northern Hikurangi margin.</p> <p>Table 1. Summary of TAN1114 recording parameters.</p> <p>Table 2. Summary of TAN1114 lines acquired and processed.</p> <p>Table 3. Summary of TAN1114 line coordinates.</p> <p>Table 4. Summary of TAN1114 seismic processing sequence.</p> <p>Table 5. Summary of TAN1114 SEG-Y trace headers.</p> <p>Table 6. Summary of RR1508 recording parameters.</p> <p>Table 7. Summary of RR1508 lines acquired and processed.</p> <p>Table 8. Summary of RR1508 seismic processing sequence.</p> <p>Table 9. Summary of RR1508 SEG-Y trace headers.</p> <p> </p> <p>Processed SEGY seismic data</p> <p>TAN1114-01.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-02.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-03.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-04.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-04A.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-05.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-06.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-06A.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-07.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-07A.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-08.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-09.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-10.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-10B.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-11.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-12.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-12T.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-13.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-14.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-15.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-16.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-17.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-18.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-19.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-20.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-21.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-22.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-23.sgy</p> <p>TAN1114-A.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_01.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_02.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_02A.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_03.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_04.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_05.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_05A.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_06.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_07.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_08.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_09.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_09A.sgy</p> <p>RR1508-HKS01_10.sgy</p>
Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
<p>Climate change may force organisms to adapt genetically or plastically to new environmental conditions. Invasive species show a remarkable potential for rapid adaptation. The ovoviviparous New Zealand mud snail (NZMS), <em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>, has successfully established across Europe with two clonally reproducing mitochondrial lineages since its arrival in the first half of the 19th century. Its remarkable variation in shell morphology was shown to be fitness relevant. We investigated the effects of temperature on shell morphology across eleven populations from Germany and the Iberian Peninsula in a common garden across three temperatures. We analysed size and shape using geometric morphometrics. For both, we compared reaction norms and estimated heritabilities. For size, the interaction of temperature and haplotype explained about 50% of the total variance. We also observed more genotype by environment interactions indicating a higher degree of population differentiation than in shape. Across the three temperatures, size followed the expectations of the temperature-size rule, with individuals growing larger in cold environments. Changes in shape may have compensated changes in size affecting space for brooding embryos. Heritability estimates were relatively high. As indicated by the very low coefficients of variation for clonal repeatability (<em>CV<sub>A</sub></em>), they can probably not be compared in absolute terms. However, they showed some sensitivity to temperature, in haplotype t more so than in z, which was only found in Portugal. The low <em>CV<sub>A</sub></em>-values indicate that genetic variation among European populations is still restricted with low potential to react to selection. A considerable fraction of the genetic variation was due to differences between the clonal lineages. The NZMS has apparently not been long enough in Europe to accumulate significant genetic variation relevant for morphological adaptation. As temperature is obviously not the sole factor influencing shell morphology, their interaction will probably not be a factor limiting population persistence under a warming climate in Europe.</p>
An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand
<p>Spatial datasets and associated metadata to support the publication of 'An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand'.</p> <p>The atlas contains prediction of spatial distribution, with associated uncertainty, of over 600 seafloor associated taxa throughout New Zealand waters and were developed using species distribution modelling approaches. Metadata containing model evaluation, expert appraisal scores and ancillary information for all spatial layers in the 'An atlas of seabed biodiversity for Aotearoa New Zealand' is also provided. A manuscript, accompanying the publication of the atlas, has been submitted under the same title. The abstract for the manuscript is as follows.</p> <p>The waters of Aotearoa New Zealand span over 4.2 million km2 of the South Pacific Ocean and harbour a rich diversity of seafloor associated taxa. Due to the immensity and remoteness of the area, there are significant gaps in the availability of data to quantify and map the distribution of seafloor and demersal biodiversity, limiting effective management. In this study, we describe the development and accessibility of an online atlas of seabed biodiversity that aims to fill these gaps. Species distribution models were developed for 579 taxa across four taxonomic groups: demersal fish, reef fish, subtidal invertebrates and macroalgae. Spatial layers for taxa distribution based on habitat suitability were statistically validated and then, as a further check, evaluated by taxonomic experts to provide measures of confidence to guide the future use of these layers. Spatially explicit uncertainty (SD) layers were also developed for each taxon distribution. We generated layer-specific metadata, including statistical and expert evaluation scores, which were uploaded alongside the accompanying spatial layers to an online open access marine data portal hosted by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. The online atlas is fully interactive, with search and plotting functions, and allows the export of single or multiple spatial layers on seafloor biodiversity. The atlas provides the most comprehensive database on the distribution of seafloor taxa for Aotearoa New Zealand and is thus an invaluable resource for managers, researchers and the general public that will guide the management and conservation of seafloor communities. </p>
Foraminiferal insights into the complexities of the turbidity currents triggered by the 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand, Supplementary Appendices
<p>This data set and cluster analysis dendrogram support the published article.</p> <p>Supplementary Appendix 1. Measured foraminiferal data for 2016 Kaikōura turbidite and pre-turbidite samples. </p> <p>Supplementary Appendix 2. Cluster analysis dendrogram of foraminiferal samples based on the relative abundance of tests >125 µm of the key benthic “genera” (Table 2) using Bray Curtis similarity coefficient.</p>
Plesiosaur vertebra from New Zealand
Scanned using the POP2. Prep video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXXSrsXMDFo Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
New Zealand
[New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fig. 12 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 12. Uncitable molecular survey with random names (cf. Blakemore 2010, 2011, 2012).
Fig. 11 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 11. German South-polar expedition route (not to NZ).
Fig. 10 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 10. Hamburg museum registration card (ditto).
Fig. 9. Hamburg specimen V.8615 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 9. Hamburg specimen V.8615 (non-type) (photo: courtesy curator).
Fig. 8 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 8. Vienna type registration card (ditto).
Fig. 7 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 7. Vienna type specimen as inspected above (photo: courtesy curator).
Fig. 5 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 5. Distinctive male pores on 18 (ditto).
Fig. 2 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 2. Loaned type as received in Japan in 2016 (author's photo).
Fig. 3 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 3. Prostomium (author's photo 2016).
Fig. 6 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 6. Spermatheca in 8lhs in setal "a" line, with ventral nerve (ditto).
Fig. 1 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 1. Schmarda's original figure (from Blakemore 2000b; fig. 105; 2012: fig. 12).
Fig. 4 in Redescription of extinct New Zealand earthworm: (Schmarda, 1861) (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea, Megascolecidae)
Fig. 4. Deteriorating clitellum and ventrum pinned at 12–13 (ditto).
Fig. 10 in Revision of the New Zealand genus Adalmus with description of six new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Fig. 10. Collection localities in New Zealand.
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