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Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy, distribution, and host associations of Geocenamus brevidens and Quinisulcius capitatus from southern Alberta, Canada
Figure 5: Phylogenetic relationships within selected genera of subfamily Telotylenchinae and subfamily Merliniinae as inferred from Bayesian analysis using the ITS of the rRNA gene sequence dataset with the GTR + I + G model (lnL = 10,413.7629; AIC = 21119.5049; freq A = 0.1932; freq C = 0.2202; freq G = 0.2725; freq T = 0.3141; R(a) = 0.8338; R(b) = 3.3701; R(c) = 1.6297; R(d) = 0.6490; R(e) = 3.3701; R(f) = 1.0000). Posterior probability of more than 70% is given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences are indicated in bold. **previously unidentified.
Figure 4 from: Ebinghaus M, Maier W, Wingfield MJ, Begerow D (2018) New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa. MycoKeys 43: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.25090
Figure 4 Infected host organs and spore images of R.xanthophloeae (A–H), R.natalensis (I), R. evansii (J) and R.macowaniana (K) A Infected individual of V.xanthophloea. Leaves were prematurely shed in comparison with uninfected trees B Telia on leaflets of V.xanthophloeaC SEM of an aeciospore showing scattered germpores D SEM of an urediniospore E Urediniospores seen in LM F SEM view of a teliospore of R.xanthophloeae. The arrows indicate irregularly arranged verrucose ornamentations G Telium of R.xanthophloeae seen in SEM H LM view of a teliospore. The arrow indicates irregularly arranged verrucose ornamentations I Teliospores of R.natalensis with long pedicels J SEM picture of median section of a teliospore of R.evansii. Arrows indicate 2-celled probasidial cells K LM picture of teliospores of R.macowaniana. Scale bars: 1 mm (B), 4 μm (C), 2 μm (D), 20 μm (E), 20 μm (F–H, J–K), 40 μm (I).
Figure 3 from: Ebinghaus M, Maier W, Wingfield MJ, Begerow D (2018) New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa. MycoKeys 43: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.25090
Figure 3 Radarchart of mean values of the morphological investigations of teliospore characteristics of Raveneliamacowaniana originated from Vachelliakarroo (red), V.natalitia (green) and R.xanthophloeae on V.xanthophloea (blue). Numbers on y-axis represent the respective minimum and maximum values. This radarchart reveals the morphological differences between R.macowaniana and R.xanthophloeae.
Figure 1 from: Ebinghaus M, Maier W, Wingfield MJ, Begerow D (2018) New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa. MycoKeys 43: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.25090
Figure 1 Phylogenetic reconstruction of Ravenelia species on different Vachellia hosts A Maximum likelihood tree with 1000 bootstrap repeats based on combined nrITS and LSU rDNA sequence data. Bootstrap values below 75 are not shown. Three highly supported groups represent R.evansii, R.macowaniana and R.xanthophloeae sp. nov., respectively. Specimens that originated from formerly unreported host species are highlighted in bold B Parsimony network analysis based on the same dataset as in the ML-analysis. Each line represents one base substitution while small circles represent intermediate but missing sequences. Numbers next to lines indicate the positions of the substitutions in the alignment. Sequences in rectangular boxes were inferred as ancestral by this analysis.
Figure 2 from: Ebinghaus M, Maier W, Wingfield MJ, Begerow D (2018) New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa. MycoKeys 43: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.25090
Figure 2 Biplots of a principal component analysis (PCA) of six teliospore characteristics of specimens of ARaveneliamacowaniana originating from Vachelliakarroo (red) and V.natalitia (green) and B in comparison with R.xanthophloeae sp. nov. collected from V.xanthophloea (blue) C, D represent R.evansii originating from seven distinct Vachellia species. Each dot represents an individual teliospore for which mean values of multiple measurements of all six defined morphological characteristics were calculated. Each colour represents the host species of the individual rust specimen. In D only spore representatives collected from V.borleae, V.exuvialis and V.davyi were highlighted to gain better visibility.
Figure 4 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
Figure 4 Metabolism of glucosinolates in Psylliodeschrysocephala and Phyllotretastriolata. Upon herbivory, glucosinolates are usually hydrolysed by the plant enzyme myrosinase to an unstable aglucone, which spontaneously rearranges to a toxic isothiocyanate. In the presence of plant specifier proteins, other hydrolysis products such as thiocyanates and nitriles are formed. Both flea beetle species sequester glucosinolates in their bodies, suggesting that not all glucosinolates are hydrolysed in feeding-damaged plant tissue. Sequestered glucosinolates may be activated for defensive purposes by an insect myrosinase in Ph.striolata, but not in Ps.chrysocephala. In addition, Ps.chrysocephala partially detoxifies glucosinolates by desulfation, whereas no glucosinolate sulfatase activity was found in Ph.striolata. According to a quantitative feeding study performed with Ps.chrysocephala, most ingested glucosinolates are activated, and isothiocyanates are detoxified by conjugation to glutathione. The isothiocyanate-glutathione conjugate is metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway to several cyclic metabolites in Ps.chrysocephala adults (Beran et al. 2018). Examples of three structurally different glucosinolate side-chains are shown in the box. Beetle photos: Anna Schroll.
Supplementary material 1 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
: Data type: (Species, host plants, diet breadth, geographic distribution)
Figure 2 from: Salvi D, D'Alessandro P, Biondi M (2019) Host plant associations in Western Palaearctic Longitarsus flea beetles (Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini): a preliminary phylogenetic assessment. In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 101-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.32430
Figure 2 Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of 52 species of Longitarsus based on concatenated cox1 and 16S DNA sequences. Circles in correspondence of nodes represent bootstrap support (BS, upper half) and posterior probability (BPP, bottom half) from Bayesian analysis: black for BS > 90 and BPP > 0.98; grey for BS of 70–90% and BPP of 0.95–0.98; white for BS of 50–70% only for nodes supported by Bayesian analysis. Abbreviations: POL = polyphagous; ? = host plants unknown.
Figure 3 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
Figure 3 Distribution of 242 Phyllotreta species in the different zoogeographical regions (A), and host plant associations of all species (As) and endemic species (Es) for each zoogeographical region (B). For detailed information, refer to Suppl. material 3.
Figure 1 from: Salvi D, D'Alessandro P, Biondi M (2019) Host plant associations in Western Palaearctic Longitarsus flea beetles (Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini): a preliminary phylogenetic assessment. In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 101-114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.32430
Figure 1 Percent distribution of oligophagous and monophagous Western Palaearctic species of Longitarsus on host plant families.
Figure 2 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
Figure 2 Distribution of 207 Psylliodes species in the different zoogeographical regions (A), and host plant associations of all species (As) and endemic species (Es) for each zoogeographical region (B). For detailed information, refer to Suppl. material 1.
Figure 1 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
Figure 1 Host plant associations of the genera Psylliodes (A) and Phyllotreta (B). The host plants of 107 Psylliodes species and 117 Phyllotreta species have been reported in the literature. The numbers of species which feed on plants in one plant family (monophagous and oligophagous), and the number of polyphagous species are given as percentages. 18% of the Phyllotreta species feed on more than one family in the order Brassicales (Brassic., Brassicaceae; Cappar., Capparaceae; Cleom., Cleomaceae; Resed., Resedaceae; Tropaeol., Tropaeolaceae). For detailed information, refer to Suppl. material 1 (Psylliodes) and 3 (Phyllotreta).
Supplementary material 3 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
: Data type: (Species, host plants, diet breadth, geographic distribution)
Supplementary material 2 from: Gikonyo MW, Biondi M, Beran F (2019) Adaptation of flea beetles to Brassicaceae: host plant associations and geographic distribution of Psylliodes Latreille and Phyllotreta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.33724
: Data type: (Species, host plant families)
Figs 599–612 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 599–612. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 599. Praon volucre. 600. Praon yomenae. 601. Toxares deltiger. 602. Trioxys asiaticus. 603. Trioxys cirsii. 604. Trioxys complanatus. 605. Trioxys curvicaudus. 606. Trioxys metacarpalis. 607. Trioxys moshei. 608. Trioxys pallidus. 609. Trioxys pannonicus. 610. Trioxys pappi. 611. Trioxys quercicola. 612. Trioxys tanaceticola.
Figs 563–580 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 563–580. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 563. Lipolexis gracilis. 564. Lysiphlebus cardui. 565. Lysiphlebus confusus. 566. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 567. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 568. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 569. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 570. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 571. Monoctonia vesicarii. 572. Monoctonus crepidis. 573. Monoctonus mali. 574. Pauesia abietis. 575. Pauesia anatolica. 576. Pauesia antennata. 577. Pauesia cedrobii. 578. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 579. Pauesia picta. 580. Pauesia pini.
Figs 400–424 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 400–424. Dorsal aspect of petiole (♀): 400. Aphidius salicis. 401. Aphidius setiger. 402. Aphidius smithi. 403. Aphidius sonchi. 404. Aphidius stigmaticus. 405. Aphidius transcaspicus. 406. Aphidius uroleuci. 407. Aphidius urticae. 408. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 409. Areopraon lepelleyi. 410. Betuloxys hortorum. 411. Binodoxys acalephae. 412. Binodoxys angelicae. 413. Binodoxys brevicornis. 414. Binodoxys centaureae. 415. Binodoxys heraclei. 416. Diaeretiella rapae. 417. Diaeretus leucopterus. 418. Ephedrus cerasicola. 419. Ephedrus chaitophori. 420. Ephedrus helleni. 421. Ephedrus lacertosus. 422. Ephedrus nacheri. 423. Ephedrus niger. 424. Ephedrus persicae.
Figs 317–331 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 317–331. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 317. Ephedrus cerasicola. 318. Ephedrus chaitophori. 319. Ephedrus helleni. 320. Ephedrus lacertosus. 321. Ephedrus nacheri. 322. Ephedrus niger. 323. Ephedrus persicae. 324. Ephedrus plagiator. 325. Lipolexis gracilis. 326. Lysiphlebus cardui. 327. Lysiphlebus confusus. 328. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 329. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 330. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 331. Lysiphlebus testaceipes.
Figs 256–271 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 256–271. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 256. Praon nonveilleri. 257. Praon orpheusi. 258. Praon pubescens. 259. Praon rosaecola. 260. Praon unitum. 261. Praon uroleucon. 262. Praon volucre. 263. Praon yomenae. 264. Toxares deltiger. 265. Trioxys asiaticus. 266. Trioxys cirsii. 267. Trioxys complanatus. 268. Trioxys metacarpalis. 269. Trioxys pallidus. 270. Trioxys pannonicus. 271. Trioxys tanaceticola.
Figs 101–114 in Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations
Figs 101–114. Forewing (♀): 101. Aphidius setiger. 102. Aphidius smithi. 103. Aphidius sonchi. 104. Aphidius stigmaticus. 105. Aphidius transcaspicus. 106. Aphidius uroleuci. 107. Aphidius urticae. 108. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 109. Areopraon lepelleyi. 110. Betuloxys hortorum. 111. Binodoxys acalephae. 112. Binodoxys angelicae. 113. Binodoxys brevicornis. 114. Binodoxys centaureae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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