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Fig. 1 in High-level phylogeographic structuring of Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée (Lepidoptera, Crambridae) in Brazil: an important tomato pest
Fig. 1. Distribution patterns of haplotypes for N. elegantalis. (A) Frequency of haplotypes for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) region by study sites and the haplotype network obtained by median-joining. The study sites are indicated by letters, and the size of the graphics is proportional to the sample size. The colors correspond to the haplotypes as described by the legend: Garanhuns (GA), Petrolina (PT), Coimbra (CO), Camocim (CM), Encruzilhada de São João (ES), São José do R. Pardo (SP), Bezerros (BE) and São João (SJ). (B) Phylogenetic analysis for the haplotypes using the Bayesian approach. This analysis shows the time of divergence between the haplotypes in millions of years (Ma) (95% confidences are indicated by bold horizontal bars) and the groups defined by Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance (SAMOVA). The support values are estimated with posterior probabilities BY (here in percentages).
Fig. 2 in High-level phylogeographic structuring of Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée (Lepidoptera, Crambridae) in Brazil: an important tomato pest
Fig. 2. The cluster analysis was built using the "Bayesian approach to phylogeographic clustering." The colors represent the clusters, and the background or shaded colors indicate uncertainty about the respective clusters. The points mark the sampling sites.
Fig. 2 in First Observation of Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi Horák, 1985 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) as a Woodborer on Vitis vinifera L.; Possible Pest or Co-Occurrent Species?
Fig. 2. Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi specimen reared from grapevine trunks.
Fig. 3. Chlorophorus damascenus. A in First Observation of Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi Horák, 1985 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) as a Woodborer on Vitis vinifera L.; Possible Pest or Co-Occurrent Species?
Fig. 3. Chlorophorus damascenus. A) Adult, dorsal view, B) Larva found inside a grapevine trunk.
Ecosystem resilience and pest resistance in Eucalyptus plantations is driven by understorey complexity due to forest management
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Temperature differentially influences the capacity of Trichoderma species to induce plant defense responses in tomato against insect pests
<p>Species of the ecological opportunistic, avirulent fungus, <em>Trichoderma</em> are widely used in agriculture for their ability to protect crops from the attack of pathogenic fungi and for plant growth promotion activity. Recently, it has been shown that they may also have complementary properties that enhance plant defense barriers against insects. However, the use of these fungi is somewhat undermined by their variable level of biocontrol activity, which is influenced by environmental conditions. Understanding the source of this variability is essential for its profitable and wide use in plant protection. Here, we focus on the impact of temperature on <em>Trichoderma afroharzianum</em> T22, <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em> P1, and the defense response induced in tomato by insects. The <em>in vitro</em> development of these two strains was differentially influenced by temperature, and the observed pattern was consistent with temperature-dependent levels of resistance induced by them in tomato plants against the aphid, <em>Macrosiphum euphorbiae</em>, and the noctuid moth, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. Tomato plants treated with <em>T. afroharzianum</em> T22 exhibited enhanced resistance toward both insect pests at 25°C, while <em>T. atroviride</em> P1 proved to be more effective at 20°C. The comparison of plant transcriptomic profiles generated by the two <em>Trichoderma</em> species allowed the identification of specific defense genes involved in the observed response, and a selected group was used to assess, by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), the differential gene expression in <em>Trichoderma</em>-treated tomato plants subjected to the two temperature regimens that significantly affected fungal biological performance. These results will help pave the way toward a rational selection of the most suitable <em>Trichoderma</em> isolates for field applications, in order to best face the challenges imposed by local environmental conditions and by extreme climatic shifts due to global warming.</p>
Data from: The making of a pest: insights from the evolution of chemosensory receptor families in a pestiferous and invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii
Background: Drosophila suzukii differs from other melanogaster group members in their proclivity for laying eggs in fresh fruit rather than in fermenting fruits. Olfaction and gustation play a critical role during insect niche formation, and these senses are largely mediated by two important receptor families: olfactory and gustatory receptors (Ors and Grs). Earlier work from our laboratory has revealed how the olfactory landscape of D. suzukii is dominated by volatiles derived from its unique niche. Signaling and reception evolve in synchrony, since the interaction of ligands and receptors together mediate the chemosensory behavior. Here, we manually annotated the Ors and Grs in D. suzukii and two close relatives, D. biarmipes and D. takahashii, and compared these repertoires to those in other melanogaster group drosophilids to identify candidate chemoreceptors associated with D. suzukii's unusual niche utilization. Results: Our comprehensive annotations of the chemosensory genomes in three species, and comparative analysis with other melanogaster group members provide insights into the evolution of chemosensation in the pestiferous D. suzukii. We annotated a total of 71 Or genes in D. suzukii, with nine of those being pseudogenes (12.7 %). Alternative splicing of two genes brings the total to 62 genes encoding 66 Ors. Duplications of Or23a and Or67a expanded D. suzukii's Or repertoire, while pseudogenization of Or74a, Or85a, and Or98b reduced the number of functional Ors to roughly the same as other annotated species in the melanogaster group. Seventy-one intact Gr genes and three pseudogenes were annotated in D. suzukii. Alternative splicing in three genes brings the total number of Grs to 81. We identified signatures of positive selection in two Ors and three Grs at nodes leading to D. suzukii, while three copies in the largest expanded Or lineage, Or67a, also showed signs of positive selection at the external nodes. Conclusion: Our analysis of D. suzukii's chemoreceptor repertoires in the context of nine melanogaster group drosophilids, including two of its closest relatives (D. biarmipes and D. takahashii), revealed several candidate receptors associated with the adaptation of D. suzukii to its unique ecological niche.
Figure 7 in Key to Florida Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and selected exotic pest species
Figure 7. Habitus images of three exotic alydid pests. (a) Riptortus clavatus, dorsal view; (b) Riptortus dentipes, dorsal view; (c) Stenocoris southwoodi, dorsal view. Images courtesy of Samuel Z. Howard, Smithsonian Institution.
FIGURES 1–2 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 1–2. Sipyloidea stigmata: 1. female, 2. male.
FIGURES 10–12. Sipyloidea stigmata, egg. 10 in A report on Sipyloidea stigmata Redtenbacher (Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae) as the first phasmid crop pest in India and its redescription
FIGURES 10–12. Sipyloidea stigmata, egg. 10. dorsal view; 11. lateral view; 12. operculum.
Figs 32–39 in Determination of sexual dimorphism in the puparia of four whitefly pest species from India (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Figs 32–39. Sexual dimorphism in puparia of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856. 32, 36 – males; 33, 37 – male vasiform orifice and caudal furrow; 34, 38 – females; 35, 39 – female vasiform orifice and caudal furrow.
Figs 40–47. Scatter plots generated through PCA using puparium morphometric characters and differentiating sexes. 40, 41 in Determination of sexual dimorphism in the puparia of four whitefly pest species from India (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Figs 40–47. Scatter plots generated through PCA using puparium morphometric characters and differentiating sexes. 40, 41 – Aleyrodes sp.; 42, 43 – Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889); 44, 45 – Dialeurodes delhiensis Dialeurodes delhiensis David & Sundararaj, 1992; 46, 47 – Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, 1856.
Figure 2 from: Salgado-Neto G, Vásquez CAN, Max DS, Whitfield JB (2021) Cotesia cassina sp. nov. from southwestern Colombia: a new gregarious microgastrine wasp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from the pest species Opsiphanes cassina Felder & Felder (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) feeding on Elaeis oil palm trees (Arecaceae). ZooKeys 1061: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1061.67458
Figure 2 Cotesia cassina, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal view of mesosoma and anterior metasomal tergites C fore wing D lateral view of metasoma with hind leg removed, showing laterotergites, sternites, hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths E frontal view of head F dorsal view of posterior portions of mesosoma, especially propodeum.
Figure 1 from: Salgado-Neto G, Vásquez CAN, Max DS, Whitfield JB (2021) Cotesia cassina sp. nov. from southwestern Colombia: a new gregarious microgastrine wasp (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from the pest species Opsiphanes cassina Felder & Felder (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) feeding on Elaeis oil palm trees (Arecaceae). ZooKeys 1061: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1061.67458
Figure 1 A simplified map of Colombia, showing rough location of Tumaco B close-up of southwestern Colombia, with location of Tumaco highlighted C caterpillar of Opsiphanes cassina on frond of the palm Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensisD same as C but with cocoons of emerged Cotesia cassina arranged below (normally underneath caterpillar).
FIGURES 68‒70 in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 68‒70. Pegomya spp., female. Distal oviscapt, flat mounted. Same scale.
FIGURES 55‒63 in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 55‒63. Pegomya spp., male. Phallus in right in lateral view. Same scale.
FIGURES 43‒45 in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 43‒45. Pegomya spp., male. Hypopygium in posterior and left lateral views. Same scale.
FIGURES 46‒54 in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 46‒54. Pegomya spp., male. Right pregonite and postgonite in lateral view. Same scale.
FIGURES 34‒36. Pegomya spp., male. Sternite V in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 34‒36. Pegomya spp., male. Sternite V in laterodorsal view. Same scale.
FIGURES 37‒42 in Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
FIGURES 37‒42. Pegomya spp., male. Hypopygium in posterior and left lateral views. Same scale.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.