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Table 10 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 10. New species names of Xerochrysum and their corresponding phrase names.<table><tbody><tr><th>New name</th><th>Phrase name</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>X. andrewiae</th><td>X. aff. palustre</td></tr><tr><th>X. banksii</th><td>X. sp. Walker Point</td></tr><tr><th>X. berarngutta</th><td>X. sp. Point Lookout (I.R.Telford 12830) NE Herbarium</td></tr><tr><th>X. copelandii</th><td>X. sp. New England (L.M.Copeland 3731) NE Herbarium</td></tr><tr><th>X. frutescens</th><td>X. bracteatum sp. Mount Merino (S.T.Blake 22869) Qld Herbarium</td></tr><tr><th>X. gudang</th><td>X. sp. Fly Point</td></tr><tr><th>X. hispidum</th><td>X. sp. Flinders Range</td></tr><tr><th>X. macsweeneyorum</th><td>X. sp. Northern Tablelands</td></tr><tr><th>X. murapan</th><td>X. sp. Barrington Tops</td></tr><tr><th>X. neoanglicum</th><td>X. sp. Glencoe (M.Gray 4401) NE Herbarium</td></tr><tr><th>X. strictum</th><td>X. bracteatum subsp. Mount Elliot (A.R.Bean 3593) Qld Herbarium and X. sp. North Kennedy</td></tr><tr><th>X. wilsonii</th><td>X. sp. Porongurup</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 3 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 3. Characters used in morphometric analyses of taxa and putative entities of Xerochrysum.<table><tbody><tr><th>Number</th><th>Character</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>Length of cypsela (mm)</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Width of cypsela (mm)</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Mean apical angle of longest phyllaries (degrees)</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Ratio of female floret length to bisexual floret length</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Leaf width (mm)</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Length of cauline leaf mucro (μm)</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Septate trichome density on cauline leaf margin (mm −1)</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Glandular trichome density on cauline leaf adaxial lamina (0.25 mm −2)</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Septate trichome density on cauline leaf adaxial lamina (0.25 mm −2)</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Glandular trichome density on cauline leaf abaxial lamina (0.25 mm −2)</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Septate trichome density on cauline leaf abaxial lamina (0.25 mm −2)</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>Septate trichome density on cauline leaf abaxial midvein (mm −1)</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>Glandular trichome density on cauline leaf abaxial midvein (mm −1)</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>Abaxial glandular trichome apical cell diameter (μm)</td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>Taproot or rhizome</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>Phyllary white, or yellow</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 8 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 8. Summary of morphological observations seen in species and putative entities of Xerochrysum included in the ‘ Boreale’ group, based on fieldwork, herbarium specimens and cultivated plants.<table><tbody><tr><th>Cauline leaves> 10 mm wide Rarely</th><th>Yes</th><th>Rarely</th><th>Yes</th><th>Yes</th><th>Yes</th><th>Yes</th><th>No</th><th>Yes</th><th>Yes</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Subtending foliaceous bracts> 10 mm long Yes</th><td>No</td><td>Rarely</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Rarely</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>Medial phyllary shape lan</th><td>ova</td><td>ova</td><td>lan</td><td>lan</td><td>lan</td><td>lan</td><td>obl</td><td>ova</td><td>ova</td></tr><tr><th>Abaxial septate trichomes abs</th><td>pre</td><td>abs</td><td>pre</td><td>pre</td><td>pre</td><td>pre</td><td>pre</td><td>scattered</td><td>abs</td></tr><tr><th>Adaxial glands sti</th><td>abs</td><td>sti</td><td>sti</td><td>sti</td><td>sti</td><td>abs</td><td>sti</td><td>sti</td><td>sti</td></tr><tr><th>Capitula sol</th><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td><td>pan</td></tr><tr><th>Life form per</th><td>per</td><td>ann</td><td>per</td><td>per</td><td>per</td><td>per</td><td>ann</td><td>per</td><td>ann</td></tr><tr><th>Entity X. sp. Walker Point</th><td>X. boreale</td><td>X. sp. Chinchilla</td><td>X. sp. Mount Merino</td><td>X. sp. Mount Elliott</td><td>X. sp. North Kennedy</td><td>X. sp. Fly Point</td><td>X. sp. Northern Tablelands</td><td>X. sp. North Stradbroke Island</td><td>X. sp. weedy</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 7 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 7. Summary of morphological observations in species and putative entities of Xerochrysum included in the ‘Bracteatum’ group, based on herbarium specimens and cultivated plants.<table><tbody><tr><th>Entity</th><th>Plant base</th><th>Life form</th><th>Capitula</th><th>Abaxial leafsurface septate trichomes</th><th>Medial phyllary shape</th><th>Foliaceous bracts subtending capitula>10 mm long</th><th>Cauline leaves>10 mm wide</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>X. sp. Point Lookout</th><td>rhi</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>pre</td><td>lan</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. bicolor</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>lan</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. bracteatum sens. str.</th><td>tap</td><td>ann</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>obl</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. New England</th><td>rhi</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>pre</td><td>lan</td><td>No</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Barrington yellow</th><td>rhi</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>pre</td><td>ova</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Barrington white</th><td>rhi</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>rarely</td><td>ova</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Blackfellows Gap</th><td>rhi</td><td>per</td><td>sol</td><td>abs</td><td>ova</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Flinders Range</th><td>tap</td><td>ann</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>ova</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. halmaturorum</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>lan</td><td>Rarely</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. interiore</th><td>tap</td><td>ann</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>ova</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. macranthum</th><td>tap</td><td>ann</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>lan</td><td>No</td><td>Rarely</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Glencoe</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>sol</td><td>pre</td><td>obl</td><td>Yes</td><td>Rarely</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Lofty Ranges</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>lan</td><td>No</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. papillosum</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>abs</td><td>lan</td><td>Yes</td><td>Rarely</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Porongurup</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>scattered</td><td>ell</td><td>Rarely</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><th>X. viscosum</th><td>tap</td><td>per</td><td>pan</td><td>rarely</td><td>obl</td><td>No</td><td>No</td></tr></tbody></table>gla, glabrous; sca, scabridulous; rhi, rhizomatous; tap, taproot; per, perennial; ann, annual or biennial; sol, solitary; pan, in panicles; abs, absent; pre, present; lan, lanceolate; ova, ovate; obl, oblong; ell, elliptic.

Table 6 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 6. Summary of morphological observations seen in species and putative entities of Xerochrysum in the X. milliganii Group based on herbarium specimens and cultivated plants.<table><tbody><tr><th>Entity</th><th>Outer phyllary abaxial indumentum</th><th>Plant base</th><th>Adaxial leafsurface glandular vesicles</th><th>Abaxial leafsurface septate trichomes</th><th>Phyllary shape</th><th>Foliaceous bracts subtending capitula>10 mm long</th><th>Cauline leaves>10 mm wide</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>X. alpinum</th><td>sca</td><td>rhi</td><td>sti</td><td>abs</td><td>acu</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. aff. palustre</th><td>sca</td><td>rhi</td><td>ses</td><td>abs</td><td>acu</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. collierianum</th><td>gla</td><td>fib</td><td>sti</td><td>abs</td><td>acu</td><td>Yes</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. milliganii</th><td>gla</td><td>fib</td><td>abs</td><td>pre</td><td>acu</td><td>No</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. palustre</th><td>gla</td><td>rhi</td><td>abs</td><td>abs</td><td>acu</td><td>No</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><th>X. subundulatum</th><td>sca</td><td>rhi</td><td>sti</td><td>abs</td><td>acu</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr></tbody></table>gla, glabrous; sca, scabridulous; rhi, rhizomatous; fib, fibrous; ses, sessile; abs, absent; pre, present; acu, acuminate; obt, obtuse.

Table 2 in There's gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in Xerochrysum (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae) and reveal many new taxa

Table 2. Informal phrase name taxa applied to some Xerochrysum.<table><tbody><tr><th>Informal name</th><th>Distribution</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>X. aff. palustre A</th><td>Eastern Tasmania; South East Forests NP and Kanangra–Boyd NP, NSW</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Porongurup A</th><td>Summit of peaks in Stirling and Porungurup ranges, WA</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Cox Peninsula A</th><td>Cox Peninsula, Northern Territory</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Flinders Range A</th><td>Eyre Peninsula and Flinders Range, SA; Nombinnie NR, NSW</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Fly Point A</th><td>Northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Forests A</th><td>Walpole–Nornalup NP, WA</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Golden A</th><td>North and east of Perth, WA</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Limestone A</th><td>Conspicuous Cliffs in Walpole–Nornalup NP, WA</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Lofty Ranges A</th><td>Lofty and Tothill Ranges, SA</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Mount Kaputar B</th><td>Nandewar Ranges, NSW</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. North Kennedy B</th><td>Atherton Tablelands, Queensland</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Northern Tablelands A</th><td>Barrington Tops NP, New England Tablelands, NSW, and Bunya Mountains NP, Queensland</td></tr><tr><th>X. sp. Walker Point A</th><td>Annan River NP, Queensland</td></tr><tr><th>X. viscosum Torrington A</th><td>Torrington Conservation Reserve, NSW</td></tr></tbody></table>A Added during the course of this study.B In use at herbarium NE.NSW, New South Wales; WA, Western Australia; SA, South Australia; NP, National Park; NR, Nature Reserve.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

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Nuclear and plastid phylogenomic analyses provide insights into the reticulate evolution, species delimitation and biogeography of the Sino-Japanese disjunctive Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae)

Understanding biological diversity and the mechanisms of the Sino-Japanese disjunctions are major challenges in eastern Asia biogeography. The Sino-Japanese flora has been broadly studied as an ideal model for plant phylogeography. Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae) is an East Asian genus, with a disjunctive distribution across the Sino-Japanese region. However, relationships within Diabelia remain elusive. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Diabelia and inferred historical biogeography and evolutionary patterns based on nuclear and plastid sequences from target enrichment and genome skimming approaches, respectively. We found that the main clades within Diabelia were discordant between nuclear and plastid trees. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses supported five main clades: D. serrata, D. tetrasepala, D. sanguinea, D. spathulata var. stenophylla and D. spathulata var. spathulata. Species network analyses revealed that Diabelia tetrasepala is likely the result of a hybridization event. Divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstructions showed that Diabelia originated in Japan during the early Miocene, with subsequent vicariance and dispersal events between Japan and Korea, and between Japan and China. Overall, our results support the division of Diabelia into five main clades and the recognition of five species in the genus. This research provides new insights in the species delimitation and speciation processes of taxonomically complex lineages such as Diabelia.

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Supplementary materials for the manuscript entitled: Mitochondrial Perspective on Species Identification and Delimitation for troglobitic Cicurina (Arachnida: Araneae: Hahniidae) from Central Texas

Central Texas is home to a diverse fauna of endemic species found in the karst areas along the Balcones Fault Line, the Edwards Aquifer region, and associated springs. The fauna occurring in Bexar County experience especially high anthropogenic pressure due to urban sprawl and suburban development in and around San Antonio, one of the largest cities in the United States. Among local fauna are numerous troglobitic spider species of the genus Cicurina Menge, 1871 (subgenus Cicurella Chamberlin and Ivie, 1940). Many species of this genus are thought to have small distributions and are often represented in museums and datasets by very few specimens. Species taxonomy for this group has been defined primarily by differences in the reproductive anatomy of adult females, which are rare in comparison to the number of immature individuals found in the wild. Prior studies have shown that non-morphologically identifiable immature specimens, in conjunction with adult morphology, aid in illuminating species distributions through incorporation of genetic data. The phylogenetic assessment of the area's diverse species of Cicurina, which currently includes three federally listed species (C. madla Gertsch, 1992, C. vespera Gertsch, 1992, and C. baronia Gertsch, 1992), can benefit from a statistical framework upon which to test species boundaries and identify priority areas for further investigations. The species delimitation analyses reported herein provides an updated and expanded understanding of currently recognized species relationships and distributions. Statistical support was obtained for many recognized species, but hypotheses invalidating some species are also proposed. In addition, detections of potentially undescribed species only known from genetics of immature specimens are presented. Finally, significant divergences within federally endangered species were also identified, and priorities for future research are suggested.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

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FIGURE 8 in The damselfly genus Megaloprepus (Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae): Revalidation and delimitation of species-level taxa including the description of one new species

FIGURE 8. Lateral views of the male caudal appendices. The scale bar indicates 0.1 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Delimiting species within the Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Lysmatidae) species complex in a world full of invaders

FIGURE 1. Historical records of Lysmata vittata (Stimpson 1860) sensu lato.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Han W, Qiu L, Zhu J, Wang Z-Q, Che Y-L (2022) Exploring the diversity of Eupolyphaga Chopard, 1929 (Blattodea, Corydioidea): species delimitation based on morphology and molecular analysis. ZooKeys 1120: 67-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87483

Table S1

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Phylogenomics and species delimitation of the economically important Black Basses (Micropterus)

Informed management and conservation efforts are vital to sustainable recreational fishing and biodiversity conservation. Because the taxonomic rank of species is typically targeted in conservation and management strategies, success of these efforts depends on accurate species delimitation. The Black Basses (Micropterus) are an iconic lineage of freshwater fishes that include some of the world's most popular species for recreational fishing and rank among the world's most invasive vertebrate species. Despite their popularity, previous studies to delimit species and lineages in Micropterus suffer from insufficient geographic coverage and uninformative molecular markers. Phylogenomic analyses of ddRAD data result in the delimitation of 19 species in Micropterus, which includes 14 described species, the undescribed but fairly well-known Altamaha Bass, Bartram's Bass, and Choctaw Bass, and two additional undescribed species currently classified as Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu). We also provide a revised delimitation of species in the Largemouth Bass complex that necessitates a change in scientific nomenclature: Micropterus salmoides is retained for the Florida Bass and Micropterus nigricans is elevated from synonymy for the Largemouth Bass. Our findings provide a resolved phylogeny of all Micropterus species, insight into the role of introgression in the history of Micropterus diversification, and a robust delimitation of species that differs from current taxonomic classifications and the list of North American fishes maintained by the American Fisheries Society. The new understanding of diversity, distribution, and systematics of Blass Basses will serve as an important basis for the management and conservation of this charismatic and economically important clade of fishes.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

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Fig. 3 in Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis and Species Delimitation in the Pine Needle-feeding Aphid Genus Essigella (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae)

Fig. 3. Essigella specific differences in intron region 4 of EF-1α.

Supplementary material 9 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S6 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset COII-338.

Supplementary material 8 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S5 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset COI-338.

Supplementary material 6 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S3 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset Cytb-413.

Supplementary material 7 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S4 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset gnd-396.

Supplementary material 5 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S2 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset COII-376.

Supplementary material 2 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Table S2 : Explanation note: Primer information.

Supplementary material 11 from: Zhu X-C, Chen J, Chen R, Jiang L-Y, Qiao G-X (2017) DNA barcoding and species delimitation of Chaitophorinae (Hemiptera, Aphididae). ZooKeys 656: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11440

Figure S8 : Explanation note: The analysis results of dataset gnd-338.