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1,777 results for “under bark”
Data characterizing symbiosis between the alder bark beetle and Neonectria bordenii
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Data from: Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
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Data from: Hyperspectral imaging has a limited ability to remotely sense the onset of beech bark disease
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Data from: Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark
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Characterization and microsatellite marker development for Geosmithia obscura, a common bark and ambrosia beetle associate
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Methodology matters for comparing coarse wood and bark decay rates across tree species
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Host preference of a tree-killing bark beetle across a geographic boundary separating host species
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Thinner bark increases sensitivity of wetter Amazonian tropical forests to fire
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Water, not carbon, drives drought-constraints on stem terpene defense against simulated bark beetle attack in Pinus edulis
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Data from: Deadwood supports carnivores in leaf litter communities in a bark beetle-attacked deadwood simulation experiment
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FIGURE 1 in The first record of the bark louse genus Symbiopsocus (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species
FIGURE 1. Symbiopsocus vietnamicus sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Forewing; E. Hind wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in The first record of the bark louse genus Symbiopsocus (Psocodea: Psocidae) from Vietnam, with description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Symbiopsocus vietnamicus sp. nov., paratype female. A. Genitalia, ventral view; B. Subgenital plate; C. Gonapophyses; D. Internal plate; E. Epiproct and paraproct. sp: subgenital plate; ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct; vv: ventral valve; dv: dorsal valve; ev: external valve. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Functional investigation of monoterpenes for improved understanding of the relationship between hosts and bark beetle
<p>Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) is the most destructive insect pest of spruce forest in Eurasia. However, contact toxicity, in vivo metabolism, and ecological functions of host monoterpenes are poorly understood at the spruce–bark beetle–predator tritrophic level. Spruce monoterpenes including S-(–)-α-pinene, R-(+)-α-pinene, and myrcene showed contact toxicity to spruce bark beetle, with LD50 values ranging from 24–36 μg/mg. When topically treated with S-(–)-α-pinene or R-(+)-α-pinene, the amount of volatile metabolites [S-(–)-cis-verbenol, 4S-(+)-/4R-(–)-trans-verbenol, and R-(+)-/S-(–)-verbenone] in the hindgut extract of spruce bark beetle varied significantly between sexes, and their quality varied significantly depending on the chirality of α-pinene. More importantly, S-(–)-α-pinene induced male adults to produce large amounts of S-(–)-cis-verbenol and S-(–)-verbenone. When topically treated with myrcene, the expected semiochemicals such as E-myrcenol, ipsenol, and ipsdienol were not detected in beetle hindgut, indicating that the pheromone biosynthetic system of spruce bark beetle does not participate in the metabolism of host myrcene. In the field trapping tests, S-(–)-α-pinene and R-(+)-α-pinene increased the trap catches of spruce bark beetle and Thanasimus substriatus (predator) compared with the pheromone source, whereas myrcene exhibited a strong repellent effect on bark beetle but not on its predator. Our results of contact toxicity, in vivo metabolism, and behavioural activity analyses indicate that spruce bark beetle adopts different ecological strategies to adapt to and tolerate different host monoterpenes; for example, avoidance mechanism for myrcene, and preference mechanism for α-pinene. Signalling interactions among the three monoterpenes at the tritrophic level help us understand their roles in manipulating the arms race between host plants and bark beetles, which indicate the plasticity and multifunctionality of host monoterpenes in the ecological context. Our results can be applied to the management of spruce bark beetle via the push-pull strategy using semiochemicals.</p>
Data from: Contrasting vulnerability of monospecific and species-diverse forests to wind and bark beetle disturbance: The role of management
<p>The published dataset contains the results of the paper titled <strong>Contrasting vulnerability of monospecific and species-diverse forests to wind and bark beetle disturbance: The role of management, in Ecology and Evolution.</strong></p> <p>Results are based on the output of the model iLand<strong> (</strong>http://iland.boku.ac.at/startpage).</p> <p>contact: Laura Dobor; dobor.laura@gmail.com</p>
FIGURE 3 in Bark beetlesand pinhole borers recently ornewly introduced toFrance (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
FIGURE 3. Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff (1.8 mm). A. dorsal view; B. lateral view. Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (1.7 mm). C. dorsal view; D. lateral view. Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (2.6 mm). E. dorsal view; F. lateral view. Length of specimens in brackets. (Photos: Fabien Soldati & Thomas Barnouin).
FIGURE 2 in Bark beetlesand pinhole borers recently ornewly introduced toFrance (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
FIGURE 2. Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (2.2 mm). A. dorsal view; B. lateral view. Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff (2.8 mm). C. dorsal view; D. lateral view. Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius) (2.4 mm). E. dorsal view. Xyloterinus politus (Say) (3.4 mm). F. dorsal view. Length of specimens in brackets. (Photos: Fabien Soldati).
FIGURE 1 in Bark beetlesand pinhole borers recently ornewly introduced toFrance (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
FIGURE 1. Amasa sp. near truncata (Erichson) (2.5 mm). A. dorsal view; B. lateral view. Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers) (2.9 mm). C. dorsal view. Dryocoetes himalayensis Strohmeyer (2.7 mm). D. dorsal view; E. lateral view. Length of specimens in brackets. (Photos: Olivier Denux, Fabien Soldati & Thomas Barnouin).
FIGURE 4 in Bark beetlesand pinhole borers recently ornewly introduced toFrance (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae)
FIGURE 4. Euplatypus hintzi (Schaufuss). A. male in dorsal view (4 mm); B. female in dorsal view (3.9 mm). E. parallelus (Fabricius). C. male in dorsal view (4.6 mm); D. female in dorsal view (4.6 mm). Length of specimens in brackets. (Photos: Thomas Barnouin).
Data from: Phylogenomics clarifies repeated evolutionary origins of inbreeding and fungus farming in bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) display a conspicuous diversity of unusual genetic and ecological attributes and behaviors. Reconstructing the evolution of Scolytinae, particularly the large and ecologically significant tribe Cryphalini (pygmy borers), has long been problematic. These challenges have not adequately been addressed using morphological characters, and previous research has used only DNA sequence data from small numbers of genes. Through a combination of anchored hybrid enrichment, low-coverage draft genomes, and transcriptomes, we addressed these challenges by amassing a large molecular phylogenetic dataset for bark and ambrosia beetles. The resulting DNA sequence data from 251 protein coding genes (114,276 bp of nucleotide sequence data) support inference of the first robust phylogeny of Scolytinae, with a special focus on the species rich tribe Cryphalini and its close relatives. Key strategies, including inbreeding mating systems and fungus farming, evolved repeatedly across Scolytinae. We confirm 12 of 16 hypothesized origins of fungus farming, 6 of 8 origins of inbreeding polygyny and at least 11 independent origins of a super-generalist host range. These three innovations are statistically correlated, but their appearance within lineages was not necessarily simultaneous. Additionally, the evolution of extreme host plant generalism often preceded, rather than succeeded, fungus farming. Of the high-diversity tribes of Scolytinae, only Xyleborini is monophyletic, Corthylini is paraphyletic and Cryphalini is highly polyphyletic. Cryphalini sensu stricto is part of a clade containing the genera Hypothenemus, Cryphalus and Trypophloeus, and the tribe Xyloterini. Stegomerus and Cryptocarenus (Cryphalini) are part of a clade otherwise containing all Corthylini. Several other genera, including Ernoporus and Scolytogenes (Cryphalini), make up a distantly related clade. Several of the genera of Cryphalini are also intermixed. For example, Cryphalus and Hypocryphalus are intermingled, as well as Ernoporicus, Ptilopodius and Scolytogenes. Our data are consistent with widespread polyphyly and paraphyly across Scolytinae and within Cryphalini, and provides new insights into the evolution of inbreeding mating systems and fungus farming in the species rich and ecologically significant weevil subfamily Scolytinae.
Data from: Flying the nest: male dispersal and multiple paternity enables extrafamilial matings for the invasive bark beetle Dendroctonus micans
There is an evolutionary trade-off between the resources that a species invests in dispersal versus those invested in reproduction. For many insects, reproductive success in patchily-distributed species can be improved by sibling-mating. In many cases, such strategies correspond to sexual dimorphism, with males–whose reproductive activities can take place without dispersal–investing less energy in development of dispersive resources such as large body size and wings. This dimorphism is particularly likely when males have little or no chance of mating outside their place of birth, such as when sperm competition precludes successful fertilisation in females that have already mated. The economically important bark beetle pest species Dendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) has been considered to be exclusively sibling-mating, with 90% of females having already mated with their brothers by emergence. The species does not, however, show strong sexual dimorphism; males closely resemble females, and have been observed flying through forests. We hypothesised that this lack of sexual dimorphism indicates that male D. micans are able to mate with unrelated females, and to sire some or all of their offspring, permitting extrafamilial reproduction. Using novel microsatellite markers, we carried out cross-breeding laboratory experiments and conducted paternity analyses of resulting offspring. Our results demonstrate that a second mating with a less-related male can indeed lead to some offspring being sired by the latecomer, but that most are sired by the first, sibling male. We discuss these findings in the context of sperm competition versus possible outbreeding depression.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.