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2,603 results for “Ecological data”
Raw data to a publication in Functional Ecology
<p>Raw data to a publication in Functional Ecology called <span>Nutrient exchange within common mycorrhizal networks is altered in a multi-species environment </span>created by Veronika Řezáčová, Joanna Weremijewicz and Tereza Michalová.</p>
Data from: The ecology of spider sociality – A spatial model
<p>The emergence of animal societies offers unsolved problems for both evolutionary and ecological studies. Social spiders are specially well suited to address this problem given their multiple independent origins and distinct geographical distribution. Based on long term research on the spider genus <em>Anelosimus</em>, we developed a spatial model that recreates observed macroecological patterns in the distribution of social and subsocial spiders. We show that parallel gradients of increasing insect size and disturbance (rain, predation) with proximity to the lowland tropical rainforest would explain why social species are concentrated in the lowland wet tropics, but absent from higher elevations and latitudes. The model further shows that disturbance, which disproportionately affects small colonies, not only creates conditions that require group living, but also tempers the dynamics of large social groups. Similarly simple underlying processes, albeit with different players on a somewhat different stage, may explain the diversity of other social systems.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: MetaBARFcoding: DNA-barcoding of regurgitated prey yields insights into Christmas Shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis) foraging ecology at Hōlanikū (Kure Atoll), Hawaiʻi
<p>Morphological identification of digested prey remains from a generalist predator can be challenging, especially when attempting to match degraded remains to taxonomic keys. DNA techniques, whereby prey is sequenced and matched to large public nucleotide sequence databases, are increasingly being used to augment morphological identification. We used "metaBARFcoding" (DNA metabarcoding) to target a region of the cytochrome <i><u>c</u></i> oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene to identify prey in highly-digested regurgitations from Christmas Shearwaters <i>Puffinus nativitatis </i>at Hōlanikū (Kure Atoll). Metabarcoding was used to bulk-process 92 water samples from regurgitations collected from 2009-2017, providing an overview of the seabird's diet. We additionally Sanger sequenced 100 prey items from 50 randomly chosen regurgitations to verify that metabarcoding characterized key components of the diet. The metabarcoding technique identified 87 unique taxa from 29 families of fish and squid, spanning diverse taxa, including reef-associated, pelagic-oceanic, and mesopelagic species. Rare prey (frequency of occurrence <u><</u> 5% of samples) constituted 66% of the species richness, demonstrating the highly diverse diet of this generalist predator. Overall, 81% of the families detected in the contemporary diet were previously documented in Christmas Shearwater diets from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Our results indicate that metabarcoding the cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I (COI) region is useful in identifying a wide range of taxa from highly digested regurgitations, thus facilitating this approach to study seabird diets.</p>
FIGS 26 in Biodiversity in the stygobiontic cirolanids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Mediterranean Basin. I. A new species of Typhlocirolana in Morocco, taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic data
FIGS 26±31. Typhlocirolana haouzensis n. sp. (26±28) Male pleopods 3±5 (bar 50.5 mm); (29) dorsal view of right uropod (bar 50.5 mm); (30) pleotelson dorsal view (bar 5
FIGS 6 in Biodiversity in the stygobiontic cirolanids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Mediterranean Basin. I. A new species of Typhlocirolana in Morocco, taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic data
FIGS 6±11. Typhlocirolana haouzensis n. sp. male. (6) Right mandible (bar 50.2 mm); (7) left mandible (bar 50.2 mm); (8) maxillule (bar 50.2 mm); (9) maxilla (bar 50.2 mm); (10) maxilliped (bar 50.5 mm); (11) endite of maxilliped (bar 50.1 mm).
FIGS 12 in Biodiversity in the stygobiontic cirolanids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Mediterranean Basin. I. A new species of Typhlocirolana in Morocco, taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic data
FIGS 12±19. Typhlocirolana haouzensis n. sp. (12) First pereiopod (bar 50.5 mm); (13) detail of the ®rst pereiopod merus (bar 50.1 mm); (14) detail of pereopod 3 dactyle (bar 5 0.1 mm); (15, 16) pereiopods 2 and 3 (bar 51 mm); (17) propod and dactyle of pereiopod 3 (bar 50.2 mm); (18, 19) pereiopods 4 and 5 (bar 51 mm).
FIGS 1 in Biodiversity in the stygobiontic cirolanids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Mediterranean Basin. I. A new species of Typhlocirolana in Morocco, taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic data
FIGS 1±5. Typhlocirolana haouzensis n. sp. (1) Habitus of a 11 mm length male (bar 52 mm); (2) clypeo-labral complex (bar 50.5 mm); (3) antennule (bar 50.5 mm); (4) antenna (bar 51 mm); (5) antennal peduncle (bar 50.5 mm).
Data from: Ecological drivers of avian community assembly along a tropical elevation gradient
<p>Community assembly theory hypothesizes that two main niche-based processes act to shape composition and organization of biological assemblages: abiotic filtering and biological interactions. Here, we conducted repeated surveys of bird abundance along an undisturbed elevational gradient in the tropical Andes to investigate (1) signals of deterministic processes driving community assembly and (2) potential mechanisms by which these forces operate (temperature, habitat complexity, fruit and insect availability), while correcting for imperfect detection and modeling species abundances with N-mixture models. We observed strong signals of abiotic filtering driving functionally and phylogenetically clustered assemblages towards higher elevations, and a weaker signal of limiting similarity resulting in few overdispersed assemblages at lower elevations. Whereas the decay in species richness with increasing elevation was explained by temperature, trait and phylogenetic dispersion were explained by both temperature and vegetation structure, implying that an interplay of abiotic and biotic mechanisms determines abundance-based community structure in our montane assemblages. Interestingly, trait and phylogenetic dispersion consistently decreased until ~3000 m but increased above this elevation, highlighting a potential role of competition in resource-scarce habitats. Combined, our findings suggest abiotic filters are still the main process shaping montane biotas across elevations, whereas resource availability might act locally upon assemblages further modifying them. Our study challenges recent studies in tropical mountains that suggest that biotic filters are a stronger force than abiotic filters in shaping tropical montane assemblages, and exemplifies how accounting for imperfect detection might overcome potential biases in detecting environmental filtering signals in community assembly studies.</p>
Data from: Schneider et al. (2021). Predominantly eastward long-distance dispersal in pantropical Ochnaceae inferred from ancestral range estimation and phylogenomics. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
<p>The data contains (a) DNA sequence alignments of concatenated nuclear loci, near-complete plastid genomes and plastid genomes with sites removed at a 10% gap threshold; (b) maximum clade credibility trees obtained from divergence time estimation in BEAST with each of the alignments; (c) area codings and the input tree (nuclear DNA only) for the ancestral area analysis in BioGeoBears.</p>
Data from: Ecological and environmental predictors of escape among birds on a large tropical island
<p><span><span><span><span>Ecological and environmental traits can influence avian escape behaviour but most data underpinning our current understanding relates to continental and temperate areas and species. We conducted a phylogenetically controlled comparative analysis of flight-initation distance (FID) against a variety of environmental, behavioural and life-history attributes for Sri Lankan birds (202 species; n = 2540). As with other studies, body mass was positively associated with FID, and longer FIDs occurred in areas where human population density was lower. We also found that the effect of human population density was more pronounced in larger birds. Birds that were in groups when approached tended to have longer FIDs. Unlike the findings of other comparative analyses, based mostly on continental, temperate populations, most other ecological variables did not feature in the best models predicting FID (time of year, breeding system, clutch size, habitat, migratory behaviour, development [altricial/precocial], elevation and diet). Thus, some associations (body mass and exposure to humans) may be universal, while others may not manifest themselves among tropical avifaunas. Further tropical datasets are required to confirm truly universal associations of environmental and ecological attributes and escape distances among birds.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data: the complex ecology of genitalia: gonopodium length and allometry in the Trinidadian guppy
<p>Male genitalia present an extraordinary pattern of rapid divergence in animals with internal fertilization, which is usually attributed to sexual selection. However, the effect of ecological factors on genitalia divergence could also be important, especially so in animals with non-retractable genitalia because of their stronger interaction with the surrounding environment in comparison to animals with retractable genitalia. Here we examine the potential of a pervasive ecological factor (predation) to influence the length and allometry of the male genitalia in guppies. We sampled guppies from pairs of low-predation (LP) and high-predation (HP) populations in seven rivers in Trinidad, and measured their body and gonopodium length. A key finding was that that HP adult males do not have consistently longer gonopodia than do LP adult males, as had been described in previous work. However, we did find such divergence for juvenile males: HP juveniles have longer gonopodia than do LP juveniles. We therefore suggest that an evolutionary trend toward the development of longer gonopodia in HP males (as seen in the juveniles) is erased after maturity owing to the higher mortality of mature males with longer gonopodia. Beyond these generalities, gonopodium length and gonopodium allometry were remarkably variable among populations even within a predation regime, thus indicating strong context dependence to their development/evolution. Our findings highlight the complex dynamics of genitalia evolution in Trinidadian guppies.</p>
Data from: Ancestral ecological regime shapes reaction to food limitation in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa
<p>Populations with different densities often show genetically-based differences in life histories. The divergent life histories could be driven by several agents of selection, one of which is variation in per-capita food levels. Its relationship with population density is complex, as it depends on overall food availability, individual metabolic demand, and food-independent factors potentially affecting density, such as predation intensity. Here we present a case study of two populations of a small live-bearing freshwater fish, one characterised by high density, low predation risk, low overall food availability, and presumably low per-capita food levels, and the other by low density, high predation risk, high overall food availability, and presumably high per-capita food levels. Using a laboratory experiment we examined whether fish from these populations respond differently to food limitation, and whether size at birth, a key trait with respect to density variation in this species, is associated with any such differential responses. While at the lower food level growth was slower, body size smaller, maturation delayed and survival reduced in both populations, these fitness costs were smaller in fish from the high-density population. At low food, only 15% of high-density fish died, compared to 75% of low-density fish. This difference was much smaller at high food (0% vs. 15% mortality). The increased survival of high-density fish may, at least partly, be due to their larger size at birth. Moreover, being larger at birth enabled fish to mature relatively early even at the lower food level. We demonstrate that sensitivities to food limitation differ between study populations, consistent with selection for a greater ability to tolerate low per-capita food availability in the high-density population. While we cannot preclude other agents of selection from operating in these populations simultaneously, our results suggest that variation in per-capita food levels is one of those agents.</p>
Data from: Not just females: the socio-ecology of social interactions between spider monkey males
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Male-male relationships are mostly characterized by competition. However, males also cooperate with one another if socio-ecological conditions are suitable. Due to their male philopatry, need for cooperation in home range defence and high degree of fission-fusion dynamics, spider monkeys provide an opportunity to investigate how male-male interactions are associated with socio-ecological factors, such as the presence of potentially receptive females, the degree of food availability and the likelihood of home range defence. We tested predictions about changes in social interactions between wild spider monkey males in relation to these factors. First, males did not change their interaction patterns when potentially receptive females were in the subgroup compared to when they were absent. Second, males tended to be less tolerant of one another when feeding, but spent more time grooming, in contact and proximity with one another when food availability was lower than when it was higher. Third, males exchanged fewer embraces, spent less time grooming, in proximity and in contact with one another, and spent more time vigilant at the home range boundary area than at other locations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of social flexibility and the importance of considering males in socio-ecological models of any group-living species.</span></p>
Data from: Population genomics of Sitka black-tailed deer supports invasive species management and ecological restoration on islands
<p>Invasive mammals represent a critical threat to island biodiversity; eradications can result in ecological restoration yet may fail in the absence of key population parameters. Over-browsing by invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis</em>) is causing severe ecological and cultural impacts across the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). Previous eradication attempts demonstrate forest regeneration upon deer removal, but reinvasion reverses conservation gains. Here we use restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (12,947 SNPs) to investigate connectivity and gene flow of invasive deer (n=181) across 15 islands, revealing little structure throughout Haida Gwaii and identifying the large, central island of Moresby (>2,600 km2) as the greatest source of migrants. As a result, the archipelago itself should be considered the primary eradication unit, with the exception of geographically isolated islands like SGang Gwaay. Thus, limiting eradications to isolated islands combined with controlled culling and enhanced biosecurity may be the most effective strategies for achieving ecological restoration goals.</p>
Figure 1. Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 in Revisiting the deep-sea Atlantic gastropod species Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Scaphandridae): first data on its anatomy, systematics, and ecology
Figure 1. Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883. (a) apertural (left), adpertural (right), apical (bottom) views of shell from south off Flores Island, Azores, lectotype, NHMUK 1887.2.9.2183–6, H = 13.5 mm (images courtesy of the NHMUK photographic unit). (b) apertural (left), adpertural (right), apical (bottom) views of shell from south of São Miguel Island, Azores, paralectotype, NHMUK 1887.2.9.2187 − 8, H = 13.0 mm (images courtesy of the NHMUK photographic unit). (c) apertural (left), adpertural (right), apical (bottom) views of shell from between São Miguel and Santa Maria Islands, Azores, DBUA 1630, H = 20 mm. (d) stereo microscope image of the sculpture of the shell illustrated in C. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Revisiting the deep-sea Atlantic gastropod species Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Scaphandridae): first data on its anatomy, systematics, and ecology
Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of the COI gene. Figures on nodes are posterior probabilities, scale bar refers to branch lengths. The tree was rooted using the species Bulla vernicosa.
Figure 3 in Revisiting the deep-sea Atlantic gastropod species Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Scaphandridae): first data on its anatomy, systematics, and ecology
Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of foraminifera taken from the gut content of Scaphander gracilis (DBUA 1630, H = 20 mm). (a–b) agglutinating foraminifera; (c−j) calcareous foraminifera. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Revisiting the deep-sea Atlantic gastropod species Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Scaphandridae): first data on its anatomy, systematics, and ecology
Figure 2. Anatomical details of Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (DBUA 1630, H = 20 mm). (a) radula; (b) rachidian tooth; (c) denticulation of the inner edge of lateral teeth; (d) anterior part of digestive tract; (e) gizzard plates, inner side of the paired plates and lateral view of the unpaired plate; (f) male reproductive system; (g) lining of the penial chamber. bb, buccal bulb; c, crop; go, genital opening; m, mouth; o, oesophagus; p, prostate; pc, penial chamber; pd, prostatic duct; pgp, paired gizzard plates; sg, salivary gland; ugp, unpaired gizzard plate. Scale bars: A, G = 200 µm; B, C = 20 µm; D, F = 1 mm; E = 2 mm.
Figure 5 in Revisiting the deep-sea Atlantic gastropod species Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1883 (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea: Scaphandridae): first data on its anatomy, systematics, and ecology
Figure 5. Distribution of Scaphander gracilis, based on reliable literature records (shells) and newly sampled material (complete specimen).
Data from: Ecological adaptation and birdsong: how body and bill sizes affect passerine sound frequencies
<p>The avian bill is finely adjusted to foraging ecology and, as part of the vocal tract, it may also affect sexual signals such as songs. Acoustic theory predicts that larger bills lower the resonant frequency of vocal tracts, allowing larger-billed species to emphasize lower sound frequencies. Theory also predicts that larger-billed species can change bill gape so as to sing over a wider frequency bandwidth. We tested these associations between bill size and sound frequencies of song across ca. 1000 taxonomically-diverse passerines. Phylogenetically informed analyses indicated that both bill and body sizes are negatively related to the sound frequency of songs, with additive effects of similar strength. Analyses of reduced datasets, to decrease bill-body size associations, indicated that the effect of bill size it is not an artefact of its covariation with body size. Sound frequency bandwidth was only related to body size but not bill size, perhaps because large bills may allow greater modulation of frequency but also hinder fast bill movement. Since the bill has a major role explaining species differences in birdsong sound frequency, it can be a magic trait that promotes reproductive isolation as a consequence of ecological divergence.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.