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2,445 results for “Genetics: population”
Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Formerly common plant species are expected to be particularly susceptible to recent habitat fragmentation. We studied the population genetics of 19 recently fragmented <em>Saxifraga granulata</em> populations (max. distance 61 km) in Luxembourg and neighbouring Germany using RAPD markers and a common garden experiment. We assessed (1) the relationships between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation and population size, and (2) the relative importance of genetic drift and selection in shaping genetic variation. Molecular genetic diversity was high but did not correlate with population size, habitat conditions or with plant performance. Genetic differentiation was low (<em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> = 0.079 ± 0.135) and there was no isolation by distance. Longevity, clonality and the long-lived seed bank of <em>S. granulata</em> may have prevented strong genetic erosion and genetic differentiation among populations. H</span><span>owever, genetic distinctness increased with decreasing genetic diversity indicating that random genetic drift occurred in the studied populations. Quantitative and molecular gen</span><span>etic variation were correlated and their differentiation (<em>Q</em><sub>ST </sub>vs. <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub>) among <em>S. granulata</em> populations was similar, suggesting that mainly random processes have shaped the quantitative genetic differentiation among populations. However, pairwise quantitative genetic distances increased with geographic and climatic distances, even when adjusted for molecular genetic distances, indicating diversifying selection. Our results indicate that long-lived clonal species may be buffered at least temporarily against the negative effects of fragmentation. The relationship between quantitative genetic and geographic distance may be a more sensitive indicator of selection than <em>Q</em><sub>ST</sub> - <em>F</em><sub>ST</sub> differences.</span></p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Supplementary material 3 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Supplementary material 2 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Supplementary material 2 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Supplementary material 1 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Supplementary material 1 from: Astuti G, Roma-Marzio F, D'Antraccoli M, Bedini G, Carta A, Sebastiani F, Bruschi P, Peruzzi L (2017) Conservation biology of the last Italian population of Cistus laurifolius (Cistaceae): demographic structure, reproductive success and population genetics. Nature Conservation 22: 169-190. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.22.19809
Strong genetic structure and divergence of marginal populations of black poplar in Poland
<p><strong>The dataset comprises nuclear microsatellite data (PCR products lengths) used in the paper "Strong genetic structure and divergence of marginal populations of black poplar in Poland".</strong></p> <p>Abstract: Genetic diversity is crucial to secure the survival and sustainability of ecosystems. Given anthropogenic pressure, as well as the projected alterations connected with the level and circulation of water, riparian forests are of particular concern. In this paper, we assessed the genetic variation of black poplar – one of the keystone tree species of riverine forests. The natural habitats of black poplar have been severely transformed leading to a significant decline of its population size. Using a set of 18 nuclear microsatellites and geographic location data, we studied 26 remnant populations (1,261 trees) located along the biggest river valleys in Poland. Our main goal was to assess the overall genetic variation and to verify if range fragmentation and habitat transformation have disrupted gene exchange among populations. Genotyping revealed that 261 trees were clones. The level of clonality was generally higher in the two most transformed river valleys (the Oder and Warta). All populations have probably gone through a drastic genetic bottleneck in the distant past, and most of them have low effective population sizes. Still, the overall level of genetic variation remains high, but certain populations require attention due to their lower genetic variation, higher clonality and strong spatial genetic structure. Genetic differentiation was low, yet Bayesian clustering supported the existence of 11 separate gene pools. According to the results, the intensity of gene exchange is very low and limited to adjacent stands. Relatively free gene flow occurs only along the Vistula, particularly in its middle section which is characterized by the highest genetic variation. The greatest genetic structuring was observed along the Oder. Populations located at the range margin had unique gene pools and showed signs of genetic divergence and reduction of variation caused by genetic drift. We conclude that human activities have seriously impacted the gene pool of black poplar in Poland by disrupting landscape connectivity and preventing the species from generative reproduction. The study provides practical guidelines on how to develop and implement the conservation program for the gene pool of black poplar in Poland.</p>
Genetic diversity and spread dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants present in African populations
<p>The dynamics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been extensively researched in many settings around the world, but little is known about these patterns in Africa. 7540 complete nucleotide genomes from 51 African nations were obtained and analysed from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Global Initiative on Sharing Influenza Data (GISAID) databases to examine genetic diversity and spread dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages circulating in Africa. Utilising a variety of clade and lineage nomenclature schemes, we looked at their diversity, and used maximum parsimony inference methods to recreate their evolutionary divergence and history. According to this study, only 465 of the 2610 Pango lineages found to have existed in the world circulated in Africa after three years of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with five different lineages dominating at various points during the outbreak. We identified South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria as key sources of viral transmissions between Sub-Saharan African nations. These findings provide insight into the viral strains that are circulating in Africa and their evolutionary patterns.</p>
Data for: Genetic relatedness shapes social dynamics in a threatened finch: Implications for population assessment
<p>Tropical granivorous finches often form large flocks around resources. The composition of these flocks, whether they are random groups of individuals or comprise related birds travelling together, is currently unknown. Understanding this distinction would aid in assessing the accuracy of population counts. To bridge this knowledge gap, we combined high-frequency location tracking with comprehensive genetic sequencing to investigate the relationship between pairwise association strength and genetic relatedness in Gouldian finches (<em>Erythrura gouldiae</em>). Our study revealed that birds captured near each other were more inclined to travel together, and their relatedness was significantly linked to the strength of their association. These findings suggest that within-flock associations are influenced by genetic relatedness, contributing to the stability of the flock size. We propose that juvenile kin associations play a pivotal role in this dynamic, potentially enhancing survival rates by forming sibling subgroups. The consistent flock sizes of Gouldian finches during movement have implications for estimating population sizes from waterhole counts, allowing flocks to be considered as distinct units for concurrent counts at multiple waterholes. This approach would offer a reasonably accurate method for estimating local populations, and conducting repeated counts on consecutive days could provide reliable and replicable results.</p>
Genetic diversity of Avena ventricosa populations along an ecogeographical transect in Cyprus is correlated to environmental variables
<p>genetic data</p>
Population genetics of Paramecium mitochondrial genomes; genome assemblies and annotation files
<p>Because of issues arising during submission to GenBank of Paramecium mitochondrial genomes due to the highly unconventional nature of the genetic code used in these genomes, we are initially making the genomes publicly available here (while we are still working on a submission to official databases).</p>
The population genetics of structural variants in grapevine domestication
<p><strong>The genome assembly: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/988c0749-aec9-42fe-865e-b09b140e2068/Chardonnay.fa.fasta?versionId=86a512b8-12a6-4f4d-ac5d-acc26d74589f">Chardonnay.fa.fasta</a> </p> <p><strong>The gene annotation: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/988c0749-aec9-42fe-865e-b09b140e2068/Chardonnay.annotation_sorted.gff.gz?versionId=2e5878bc-cf53-489b-ac71-2602f9ba4d2e">Chardonnay.annotation_sorted.gff.gz</a></p> <p><strong>The TE annotation: </strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/988c0749-aec9-42fe-865e-b09b140e2068/Chardonnay.annotation_te_sorted.gff3.gz?versionId=95780497-e0e7-4a7b-8860-74072d7f7bb2">Chardonnay.annotation_te_sorted.gff3.gz</a></p>
Using Noninvasive Genetic Sampling to Survey Rare Butterfly Population
<p><strong>Supplementary Table 1.</strong> Sanger sequencing and NCBI BLAST results for exemplar amplicons from each treatment of the proof-of concept study.</p> <p>From: Using Noninvasive Genetic Sampling to Survey Rare Butterfly Populations</p>
Fig. 4 in Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin
Fig. 4 Results of Bayesian clustering analyses in P. mnemosyne. The bar plots of all individuals assuming K = 2 and K = 3. NM North Hungarian Mountains, TM Transdanubian Mountains, KÖR Körös region, BAEC Bereg–Apuseni–East Carpathian region
Fig. 5 in Update of genetic information for the white-clawed crayfish in Spain, with new insights into its population genetics and origin
Fig. 5 Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of the whiteclawed crayfish populations. Eigenvalues for each principal coordinate are listed beside each axis. The pie graphs show the relative proportion of haplotypes
Fig. 6 in Update of genetic information for the white-clawed crayfish in Spain, with new insights into its population genetics and origin
Fig. 6 Mismatch distributions, observed and expected, in the Spanish populations as a whole and in the 'Northern' and 'Central' genetic clusters detected. The neutrality test Fs, D and R2 values are also shown
Fig. 1 in Update of genetic information for the white-clawed crayfish in Spain, with new insights into its population genetics and origin
Fig. 1 Location of the white-clawed crayfish populations analysed. Table 1 provides details for each population
Fig. 2 Mitochondrial haplotype network using the 590 in Differentiation of North African foxes and population genetic dynamics in the desert-insights into the evolutionary history of two sister taxa, Vulpes rueppellii and Vulpes vulpes
Fig. 2 Mitochondrial haplotype network using the 590-bp concatenated sequences from Cyt-b and D-loop and a total of 46 sequences (same as in Fig. 1, except for C. lupus not being used as an outgroup in the TCS network). a Neighbour-Net network based on uncorrected patristic distances as implemented in SPLITSTREE. Canis lupus (DQ480504) was used as an outgroup. Numbers indicate bootstrap values. Scale bar represents 0.01 sequence divergence. Highlighoed are the four species, the three V. vulpes clades and the location within the network of the V. vulpes sample from Egypt. Colour patterns are concordant with Fig. 1 and b. b Statistical parsimony network assuming a 95 % parsimony threshold, as constructed by TCS. Symbol size and branch lengths are proportional to the number of shared individuals per haplotype and the number of mutational steps amongst haplotypes, respectively. Numbers in black background also refer to the number of mutation steps between species and V. vulpes clades. Symbols and colours are concordant with Fig. 1 and a. Haplotype codes, sample origin and corresponding accession numbers are available in Online Resource Table S1
Fig. 3 in Differentiation of North African foxes and population genetic dynamics in the desert-insights into the evolutionary history of two sister taxa, Vulpes rueppellii and Vulpes vulpes
Fig. 3 Population structure analyses of V. vulpes using 32 microsatellite loci analysed with STRUCTURE software. a STRUCTURE HARVESTER output. Mean values of likelihood [L(K)] on ohe lefo, and Delta K values using the Evanno method (Evanno et al. 2005) on ohe righo. b Structure bar plot of Bayesian assignment of 35 individuals to two (K =2, lefo graphic) and three clusters (K =3, righo graphic). Horizonoal bars represent individuals, while colours wiohin a bar represent probability of assignment of each individual to a cluster. Country of origin for each individual is indicated between each structure bar plots
Fig. 2 a in Does size matter? Comparative population genetics of two butterflies with different wingspans
Fig. 2 a Map showing the groups formed when individuals were divided into populations based on sampling proximity (AGA Agastyamalais, ANA Anamalais, WAC Wayanad and Coorg, and NKAR North Karnataka). b and c Spatial multivariate analysis in sPCA. Squares represent first axis sPCA scores for b ML and c YB. In this figure, the color of the squares denotes positive (black) or negative (white) spatial autocorrelation, and the size of the squares denotes the magnitude of genetic variance. Thus, squares of different sizes are used to represent different absolute values: large black squares are well differentiated from large white squares, but small squares are less differentiated
Fig. 1 Sampling locations. A in Does size matter? Comparative population genetics of two butterflies with different wingspans
Fig. 1 Sampling locations. A map of the Western Ghats showing sampling locations for both species. Inset: map of India showing the location of the Western Ghats in blue
Fig. 1 in Multilocus population analysis of Gavia immer (Aves: Gaviidae) mtDNA reveals low genetic diversity and lack of differentiation across the species breeding range
Fig. 1 Haplotype network constructed using the median joining method. Haplotype numbers are indicated. Circle patterns represent coastal sampling locations: GZ Galicia, Spain, MX Mexico, GE Germany, NJ New Jersey, US, MI Michigan, US, CA Canada, FL Florida, US. Circle surfaces are roughly proportional to the number of individuals with each haplotype (Table 3)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.