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Distribution. SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hainan), N Vietnam, and NE Laos; it may extend into Myanmar, based on proximity of Chinese specimens to Myanmar border. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Hainan), N Vietnam, and NE Laos; it may extend into Myanmar, based on proximity of Chinese specimens to Myanmar border.

Distribution. SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea, Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China, Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar, N Laos, N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India (Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea, Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China, Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar, N Laos, N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India (Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation.

Distribution. NE Afghanistan (Nangarhar Province), N Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces), India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and NicobarIs, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, S China (S Tibet [= Xizang]), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. NE Afghanistan (Nangarhar Province), N Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces), India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and NicobarIs, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, S China (S Tibet [= Xizang]), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is.

Subspecies and Distribution. L.l lyra Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,1810 - extreme E Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, SW China (Tibet [-Xizang]), and W Myanmar; this subspecies may also occur in Bhutan. L. l. sinense K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907 S China, S Myanmar, Thailand, laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia in Megadermatidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L.l lyra Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,1810 - extreme E Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, SW China (Tibet [-Xizang]), and W Myanmar; this subspecies may also occur in Bhutan. L. l. sinense K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907 S China, S Myanmar, Thailand, laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Peninsular Malaysia

Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus.1758-TemateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940-AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.carimataeG.S.Miller.1906-KarimataI,offWBorneo. M. s. celebense Shamel, 1940 -Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonense K.Andersen,1918-SriIanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlvth,1863peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940-MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916-[asiaandBabils,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918mostofMyanmar,NElndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918-Mal»Peninsula(includingTarutaol)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,andCambodia. M.s.natunae K.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916-NiasandSiberutIs,offWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody.1936-C8cEjava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843-Philippines. M.s.siumatisLyon,1916—Siumatl,offWSumatra. M. s.trifolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 -S Sumatra, Wjava, and Bomeo; also on South Natuna, Tarnbelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known. in Megadermatidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus.1758-TemateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940-AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.carimataeG.S.Miller.1906-KarimataI,offWBorneo. M. s. celebense Shamel, 1940 -Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonense K.Andersen,1918-SriIanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlvth,1863peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940-MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916-[asiaandBabils,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918mostofMyanmar,NElndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918-Mal»Peninsula(includingTarutaol)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,andCambodia. M.s.natunae K.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916-NiasandSiberutIs,offWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody.1936-C8cEjava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843-Philippines. M.s.siumatisLyon,1916—Siumatl,offWSumatra. M. s.trifolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 -S Sumatra, Wjava, and Bomeo; also on South Natuna, Tarnbelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known.

FIGURE 5. Begonia wui-senioris C.-I Peng. A, B in Begonia xenos-a new species and an updated checklist of Begonia in Laos

FIGURE 5. Begonia wui-senioris C.-I Peng. A, B. Habit; C. Inflorescence; D. Stipules of rhizome; E. Portion of leaf, upper surface, F. lower surface; G. Immature inflorescence; H. Pistillate flower, face and side views; I. Staminate flower, face, side and back views; J. Capsule; K. Serial cross sections of an immature capsule. All photos from Peng 22199 by C.-I Peng.

FIGURE 4. Begonia sinofloribunda Dorr. A in Begonia xenos-a new species and an updated checklist of Begonia in Laos

FIGURE 4. Begonia sinofloribunda Dorr. A. Habit; B. Inflorescence, showing staminate flowers, C. pistillate flower and capsule; D. Stipules of stem; E, F. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surfaces; G. Pistillate flower, face and side views; H. Staminate flower, face and side views; I. Pistillate flowers and capsules; M. Serial cross sections of an immature capsule. All photos from Leong 3401 by C.-I Peng.

FIGURE 3. Begonia xenos C.W in Begonia xenos-a new species and an updated checklist of Begonia in Laos

FIGURE 3. Begonia xenos C.W.Lin, Phonep. & Rahm. A, B. Habitats; C, D. Habit and habitats; E, F. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surfaces; G, H. Stipules of stem; I, J. Inflorescence, showing bracts and staminate flower, K. pistillate flower. Photos A–D, F, H by Peter Rahm; Photos E, G, I–K by Ka-Tsun Chang.

FIGURE 2. Begonia xenos C.W in Begonia xenos-a new species and an updated checklist of Begonia in Laos

FIGURE 2. Begonia xenos C.W.Lin, Phonep. & Rahm. A. Habit; B. Stipule; C, C'. Portion of leaf, upper and lower surface; D, D'. Bracts; E, E'. Staminate flower, face and side views; F, F'. Stamens, ventral and dorsal views; G, G'. Pistillate flower, face and side views; H. Cross section of ovary.

Distribution. Endemic to Laos, known only from type locality and Ban Nampe, C.I1 km NE of Vang Vieng, Vang Vieng district, Vientiane Province in Hipposideridae

Distribution. Endemic to Laos, known only from type locality and Ban Nampe, C.I1 km NE of Vang Vieng, Vang Vieng district, Vientiane Province

FIGURE 10 Nemacheilus aff. nandingensis, CMK 23949, 56.6 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 10 Nemacheilus aff. nandingensis, CMK 23949, 56.6 mm SL; China: Xishuangbanna: Mekong drainage: Nam Xing.

FIGURE 9 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 9. 'Nemacheilus' argyrogaster, MHNG 2785.032, holotype, 63.0 mm SL; Laos: Mekong drainage: Xe Kong watershed.

FIGURE 8 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 8. Nemacheilus longistriatus, Mekong drainage: a, CAS 62547, holotype, 53.2 mm SL; Thailand: Mekong at Chiang Khan; b, CMK 23085, 37.5 mm SL; Laos: Xe Bangfai.

FIGURE 5 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 5. Southern Laos, showing localities of examined material of Nemacheilus pezidion (circles) and 'N'. argyrogaster (triangles). Each symbol may represent several localities. White circle is type locality of N. pezidion. Dams, reservoirs and other alterations of original hydrographic network are not shown.

FIGURE 6 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 6. Laos: Xe Kong watershed: Houai Pin, tributary of Xe Pian, entering it about 5 km downstream of Ban Mai, 21 May 2009, locality of Nemacheilus pezidion, CMK 21330.

FIGURE 4. Nemacheilus pezidion, MHNG 2787.088 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 4. Nemacheilus pezidion, MHNG 2787.088, holotype, 57.8 mm SL, male: a, nostril and suborbital flap; and b, flank with small tubercles on scales.

FIGURE 1 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 1. Nemacheilus pezidion, Laos: Xe Nam Noi: Xe Pian; a, MHNG 2787.088, holotype, 57.8 mm SL, male; b, CMK 15687, paratype, 53.8 mm SL, female; c, CMK 21330, paratype, 54.2 mm SL; female.

FIGURE 2 in Nemacheilus pezidion, a new species of loach from southern Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 2. Nemacheilus pezidion, pectoral fin in dorsal view of: a, male, MHNG 2787.088, holotype, 57.8 mm SL (note small tubercles on branched rays 1–6); and b, female, CMK 21246, 52.9 mm SL.