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opencc-zeroFeb 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Unterweger PA, Klammer J, Unger M, Betz O (2018) Insect hibernation on urban green land: a winter-adapted mowing regime as a management tool for insect conservation. BioRisk 13: 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.13.22316

Table with all captured species / morphotypes sorted by order, family and species / morphotype. : Explanation note: Collection: University of Tübingen, Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Individuals with scientific species name that were checked by a taxonomic expert were counted as taxonomic species (s); all the other determinations were counted as morphotypes (m). Morphotypes are defined by the lowest practical taxonomic level (e.g. Hanula et al. 2009; Kutschbach-Brohl et al. 2010). In some cases, the family or the morphometric body length (in mm, numbers in column C, Mini: smaller than 1 mm) was counted as a morphotype (Daly 1985). In cases for which the determination was not validated by a taxonomic expert, our species determination was checked for plausibility in terms of its geographical occurrence via the Entomofauna Germanica (http://www.colkat.de, 2017.11.06). Alternatively (if no taxonomic name could be found), a classification letter / number was assigned for a morphotype. The provided author name refers to the lowest practical taxonomic level (e.g. Hanula et al. 2009; Kutschbach-Brohl et al. 2010). Validation: name of scientific expert who checked the taxonomic determination. Management type of meadow in autumn: mown /unmown. Plant compartment: flower head, stem, tuft, leaves. All numbers represent total sums of all sample sites over the entire study period. Brown-labelled species names are thought to have hibernated in the soil. Green-labelled species names could only be found in flower heads and stems. Black-labelled species occurred in all plant compartments without any preference for a specific plant compartment.

FIGURES 25–28. 25 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 25–28. 25. Collecting place of Plecoptera in Adjaria, Georgia (black dot). Square shows the nearest collecting site of Capnioneura gouanerae in Artvin, Turkey. 26. Female of Leuctra adjariae sp. n. on the snow. 27 & 28. The Kintrishi River, Meskheti Range, the type locality of Leuctra adjariae sp. n. and Leuctra georgiae sp. n. Photo by D. Palatov.

FIGURES 14–16 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 14–16. Male of Leuctra georgiae sp. n. 14. Habitus, dorsal view. 15. Abdominal tip, lateral. 16. Abdominal tip, dorsal.

FIGURES 10–13 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 10–13. Female of Leuctra adjariae sp. n. 10. Abdominal tip, subgenital plate, ventral. 11. Subgenital plate, cleared, mounted, ventral. 12. Spermatheca, cleared, mounted ventral. 13. Spermatheca, cleared, mounted, ventrolateral.

FIGURE 1 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree (-Ln likelihood = 1785.88) of Leuctra adjariae sp. n., Leuctra georgiae sp. n. and outgroup inferred from the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) nucleotide sequence data (658 bp). Numbers are bootstrap support of 500 replicates. Specimens obtained in this study are in BOLD.

FIGURES 2–4 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 2–4. Male of Leuctra adjariae sp. n. 2. Habitus, dorsal view. 3. Pro- meso- and methatorax. Prothorax: b1—basisternum, f1—furcasternum p1—postfurcasternum, s1—spinasternum; b2, f2, p2, s2—the same on the mesothorax. 4. Abdominal tip, lateral.

FIGURES 5–9 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 5–9. Male of Leuctra adjariae sp. n. 5. Abdominal tip, VII-X terga, dorsal. 6. Abdominal tip, IX-X terga, dorsal. 7. Epiproct, and styles, dorsal. 8. Abdominal tip, IX-X terga, ventral. 9. Styles and specilla, ventral.

FIGURES 17–19 in Description of new apterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) based morphology and DNA barcoding and further records to stonefly fauna of the Caucasus, Georgia

FIGURES 17–19. Male of Leuctra georgiae sp. n. 17. Abdominal tip, IX & X terga, dorsal. 18. Abdominal tip, IX & X terga, ventral. 19. Epiproct, dorsal.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Charge regions indicated by LMA lightning flashes in Hokuriku's winter thunderstorms

<p>The attached is the dataset assoicated with the paper titled "Charge regions indicated by LMA lightning flashes in Hokuriku’s winter thunderstorms" which was submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.</p> <p>The charge distribution of some cells in three winter thunderstorms in the Hokuriku region of Japan is investigated based on Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) flash data. The vertical arrangements of charge regions involved in lightning discharges suggest diverse charge patterns, including quad-polar, tripole, positive dipole, inverted dipole, and inverted tripole. The riming electrification between graupel and ice crystals or their aggregations are thought to be responsible for the electrification of most cells. The charging process between snow/aggregates and ice crystals may be responsible for some inverted charge structure occurred above 0 ℃ isotherm and accompanying with weak radar echoes. Convection indicated by the vertical development of radar reflectivity appears crucial to shaping the diverse charge distribution patterns by determining which charging mechanisms occur and where; it also influences changes in height or even the disappearance of the charge regions. The charged cores are distributed from 0.7 to 5.3 km heights and 2 to –31 ℃ temperatures, while the distances between adjacent charged cores with opposite polarities change between 0.2 and 3.4 km, with a mean of 1.3 km. The mean flash duration, and horizontal distance are 425.0 ms and 19.8 km, respectively. The average height, temperature, and power of flash initiations are 2.8 km, −11.9 ℃ and 15.6 dBW, respectively.</p>

opennotspecifiedJun 2019View details →

FIGURES 27–31 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 27–31. Larva of Bulgaroperla mirabilis caucasica. 27. Right lacinia, ventral. Galea with long setae along inner edge. 28. Right mandible, ventral. 29. Arrow shows a weak serration on outer cusp of lower mandibular tooth, ventral. 30. Left cercus, basal segments, ventral. 31. Left cercus, apical segments, ventral.

opennotspecifiedJun 2019View details →

FIGURES 18–23 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 18–23. Larva of Leuctra simplex. 18. Short club-shaped bristles on anterior corner of pronotum. 19. Setae on disk and setal fringe of right anterior corner of pronotum. 20. Terga V–VI with posterior fringe of short, thin setae. 21. Terga IX–X with stiff acute bristles. 22. Right fore leg. 23. Right hind leg.

opennotspecifiedJun 2019View details →

FIGURES 24–26 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 24–26. Larva of Bulgaroperla mirabilis caucasica. 24. Habitus, dorsolateral. 25. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 26. Terga V–VIII, pigmented spots with short setae.

Fig. 2 in A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position

Fig. 2. Paramonovius nightking sp. nov. ♂: (a) dorsal; (b) lateral; (c) flagellum; (d) wing; (e) head, dorsal; (f) head, lateral; (g) head, frontal; (h) head, profile; (i) hind tarsi and claw. Scale bars = 1 mm (a, b, d–i); = 0.1 mm (c).

Fig. 4 in A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position

Fig. 4. Paramonovius nightking sp. nov. Genitalia (a–e (♂); f, g (♀)): (a) genital capsule, dorsal; (b) genital capsule, ventral; (c) genital capsule, lateral; (d) epandrium, dorsal; (e) sternite 8, ventral; (f) genitalia and spermathecae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: acant spi = acanthophorite spine; aed sh = aedeagal sheath; b spmth dt = basal spermathecal duct; cerc = cercus; d brg = dorsal bridge; d spmth dt = distal spermathecal duct; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; epand = epandrium; gen fk = genital fork; goncx = gonocoxite; goncx apod = gonocoxal apodeme; gonst = gonostylus; lat ej proc = lateral ejaculatory process; ph = phallus; spmth = spermatheca; spm pmp = sperm pump; tg 9+10 = tergites 9+10.

Fig. 1 in A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Australian genera of Bombyliidae. (a) Strict consensus tree from three most parsimonious trees, Bremer support values mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes; (b) selected tree of three MPTs, tree generated from morphological phylogenetic analysis, unambiguous apomorphies mapped on branches, black circles indicate non-homoplasious changes.

Fig. 3 in A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position

Fig. 3. Paramonovius nightking sp. nov. ♀: (a) dorsal; (b) lateral; (c) head, dorsal; (d) head, lateral; (e) head, frontal; (f) head, profile; (g) hind tarsi and claw. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Capnia s.l in A new winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Shaanxi Province of China

FIGURE 8. Capnia s.l. bilobata sp. nov., Female paratype. A. Female habitus, dorsal view; B. Female head and pronotum, dorsal view; C. Female thoracic sclerites, ventral view.

FIGURE 6. Capnia s.l in A new winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Shaanxi Province of China

FIGURE 6. Capnia s.l. bilobata sp. nov., Holotype, male terminalia. A. Lateral view, photograph; B. Lateral view, photograph; C. Dorsolateral view, photograph.

FIGURE 7. Capnia s.l in A new winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Shaanxi Province of China

FIGURE 7. Capnia s.l. bilobata sp. nov., Holotype, male terminalia, ventral view. A. Photograph; B. Line drawing.

FIGURE 11 in A new winter stonefly (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Shaanxi Province of China

FIGURE 11. Current situation of type locality of Capnia s.l. zijinshana in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province, China. Photographs were taken in February 2019 by Dr. Chen. A. the stream; B. The partial reconstruction of water channel.