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FIGURE 1 in Selliguea wusugongii (Polypodiaceae), a new fern species from southeastern Xizang, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selligueoid ferns based on five plastid markers (rbcL, rps4, rps4-trnS, trnL, trnL-F). Maximum likelihood bootstrap support (MLBS) and Bayesian inference posterior probability (BIPP) are given above and below the branches, respectively. Voucher information is indicated in blue, geographical provenances are indicated after voucher in black. Black vertical bars on the rightmost indicate the three clades.

FIGURE 5. Opuntia olmeca. A in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 5. Opuntia olmeca. A. Elliptical to obovate green fruits, absent spines. B. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, wide walls, white funicles with reddish tones. Photographs by Martínez-González.

FIGURE 6 in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 6. Maximum credibility phylogram of clades, using Bayesian inference of Opuntia s.s. species and related groups. The phylogenetic position of O. tehuacana and O. olmeca is shown in bold. The support of clades is represented by a corresponding thick line with subsequent Bayesian probability PP ≥ 0.95.

FIGURE 4. Opuntia olmeca. A. Elliptical cladode. B in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 4. Opuntia olmeca. A. Elliptical cladode. B. Parasitic stoma, isodiametric, epidermal cells with a multicellular aspect. C. Flower bud, top view. D. Acute flower buds, green perianth segments with reddish apex, obovate to elliptical pericarp. E. Yellow flower in anthesis. F. Side view of the flower, outer segments of obovate perianth. Photographs by Martínez-González.

FIGURE 2. Opuntia tehuacana. A in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 2. Opuntia tehuacana. A. Subcircular to obovate cladodes. B. Parasitic stomas, isodiametric, multicellular epidermal cells. C. Flower bud, top view. D. Acute flower buds, reddish perianth segments, subcircular pericarp. E. Subcircular, green fruit. F. Longitudinal cut of the fruit, wide walls, white funicles with reddish tones. Photographs by Martínez-González.

FIGURE 3. Opuntia olmeca. A. Shrubby habit, 1.00 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 3. Opuntia olmeca. A. Shrubby habit, 1.00 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode, prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes. Photographs by Martínez-González.

FIGURE 1. Opuntia tehuacana. A. Shrubby habit, 1.20 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C in Opuntia tehuacana and O. olmeca (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) are to be considered as ascribed to a single species: morphological and molecular evidences

FIGURE 1. Opuntia tehuacana. A. Shrubby habit, 1.20 m high. B. Defined trunk, grayish scaly bark with light brown tones. C. Juvenile cladode, prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes. Photographs by Martínez-González.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of the fern genus Didymochlaena (Didymochlaenaceae) from Asia and Pacific islands based on morphological and molecular evidence with the description of four new species and one new status

FIGURE 1. The Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of Didymochlaena from Asia and Pacific region based on six plastid markers (atpA, atpB, matK, rbcL, rps4-trnS, and trnL-F). The maximum likelihood bootstrap support (left), maximum parsimony jackknife support (middle), and Bayesian inference posterior probability (right) are along the branches. Stars indicate the maximum support values in all three analyses.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy of the fern genus Didymochlaena (Didymochlaenaceae) from Asia and Pacific islands based on morphological and molecular evidence with the description of four new species and one new status

FIGURE 2. Morphology of the three new species from the Malesian region. A1–A3. Didymochlaena philippensis.—A1. Portion of rachis with pinna.—A2. Portion of pinna showing pinnules.—A3. Portion of pinna petiole showing pinnule and scales. B1–B3. D. punctata.—B1. Portion of rachis with pinna.—B2. Portion of pinna showing pinnules.—B3. Portion of pinna petiole showing pinnule and scales. C1–C3. Didymochlaena solomonensis.—C1. Portion of rachis with pinna.—C2. Portion of pinna showing pinnules.—C3. Portion of pinna petiole showing pinnule and scales. Didymochlaena fijiensis.—D1. Portion of rachis with pinna.—D2. Portion of pinna showing pinnules.—D3. Portion of pinna petiole showing pinnule and scales. Scale bars = 3 cm for A1, B1, C1 and D1; = 1 cm for others.

Figure 6 in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 6. Canonical analysis comparing operational taxonomic units from Central (left and right bank of Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo) and East Africa links specimens from Faradje (near type locality of Cricetomys emini) to C. emini and those from Rwanda (near type locality Cricetomys kivuensis) to Cricetomys ansorgei. Below the graph are the various character loadings on roots 1 and 2.

Figure 5. A in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 5. A, canonical analysis comparing all six operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Plotted are skulls that were also sequenced in the molecular analysis (labelled 'g' for Cricetomys gambianus, 'a' for Cricetomys ansorgei, 'e' for Cricetomys emini, '2' for Cricetomys sp. 2, and '3' for Cricetomys sp. 3). Below the graph are the various character loadings on roots 1 and 2. B, tree diagram showing clustering patterns of all six OTUs from this study based on craniometric data.

Figure 4 in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 4. Canonical analysis comparing Cricetomys gambianus, Cricetomys sp. 1, and Cricetomys ansorgei. Below the graph are the various character loadings on roots 1 and 2.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 2. Bayesian tree (consensus of two runs, 5 000 000 generations each) based on 735-bp-long Cricetomys cytochrome b sequences. Besides a posteriori support values obtained by MrBayes, bootstrap support obtained for maximum likelihood (100 replications) and maximum parsimony (500 replications) are shown.

Figure 3. A in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 3. A, geographical distribution of sampling localities for the mitochondrial phylogeny resolved in this study in relation to currently recognized type localities of Cricetomys. Colours correspond to those in Figure 2: red for Cricetomys gambianus, dark blue for Cricetomys sp. 1, light blue for Cricetomys sp. 3, green for Cricetomys emini, yellow for Cricetomys sp. 2, and pink for Cricetomys ansorgei. Stars represent various type localities. Numbers represent localities from which sequences were obtained (listed in Table S1). The dotted circles represent sequences from GenBank, for which information on the geographical origin of these sequences is uncertain, except for the country they came from. B, geographical distribution of sampling localities for the craniometric analysis in this study in relation to currently recognized type localities of Cricetomys. Colour codes are as above. Numbers represent localities from which skulls were obtained (listed in Table S2).

Figure 1 in Taxonomy of the African giant pouched rats (Nesomyidae: Cricetomys): molecular and craniometric evidence support an unexpected high species diversity

Figure 1. Approximate distribution patterns of various Cricetomys species named in A, Genest-Villard (1967) and B, Musser & Carleton (2005). The darker shade of grey in the map represents the Guineo-Congolian forest block whereas the lighter grey portion represents the distribution of the savannahs.

FIGURE 1 in Cymbidium motuoense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic trees of C. motuoense based on the combined nrITS and plastid matK and rbcL. On the left are the C. motuoense

FIGURE 3. Cymbidium motuoense. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower, front view. C in Cymbidium motuoense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 3. Cymbidium motuoense. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower, front view. C. Sepals, petals and lip. D. Column, front view. E. Pollinarium, front view and back view.

FIGURE 1 in Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 1. The best ML tree from the analyses of combined ITS and chloroplast trnL-F region. BI posterior probability/ML bootstrap support values (>0.5 or 50%) are shown below or above the branch around the corresponding node. G. saxatilis is highlighted in bold and red.

FIGURE 3. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Male racemes. B. Bisexual racemes. C in Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 3. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Male racemes. B. Bisexual racemes. C. Male flower in frontal view. D. Bisexual flower in frontal view. E. Male flower removed stamens in ventral view. F. Male flower removed stamens in abaxial view. G. Male flower in ventral view. H. The stamens from a male flower. I. Legume. J. Opened legume show seeds. K. Seeds.

FIGURE 2. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Habit. B. Flowering branches. C. Fruiting branches. D. Winter buds. E. Branch. F. Spines. G in Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 2. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Habit. B. Flowering branches. C. Fruiting branches. D. Winter buds. E. Branch. F. Spines. G. Leaves in adaxial view. H. Leaves in abaxial view. I. Trunk (shows where the spines grow).