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FIGURES 45–57 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 45–57. Some details of male's hypopygium of Diamesa sakartvella Kownacki et Kownacka (45, 50–51, 57), D. moubayedi sp. nov. (46–47, 52, 55), D. zagrosica sp. nov. (48–49, 53–54, 56). 45–49, gonostylus; 46, apex of gonostylus; 50–54, transverse sternapodeme; 55–57, superior volsellae.

FIGURES 58–67 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 58–67. Diamesa praecipua Saether et Willassen, male. 58, total view; 59, antenna; 60, head; 61, wing; 62, thorax; 63, hypopygium in dorsal view; 64, apex of gonostylus; 65, transverse sternapodeme; 66, aedeagal lobe; 67, gonostylus.

FIGURES 30–36 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 30–36. Wings of Diamesa dragani sp. nov. (30), D. kownackii sp. nov. (31), D. maisaraensis sp. nov. (32), D. marinskiyi sp. nov. (33) and D. steinboecki Goetghebuer from Swiss Alps (34), French Alps (35) and Pamir Mountains (36).

FIGURES 22–25 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 22–25. Diamesa marinskiyi sp. nov., male. 22, head; 23, tergite IX; 24, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 25, transverse sternapodeme, phallapodeme and aedeagal lobe.

FIGURES 15–21 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 15–21. Diamesa maisaraensis sp. nov., males. 15, head; 16, part of thorax in lateral view; 17, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 18, tergite IX; 19–20, anal point in lateral view; 21, phallapodeme and aedeagal lobe. AAII—anterior anepisternum II, Pa—prealars.

FIGURES 26–29 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 26–29. Males of Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer from Pamir Mountains (26), Swiss Alps (27–28) and French Alps (29). 26, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 27, 29, hypopygium in dorsal view; 28, transverse sternapodeme, phallapodeme and aedeagal lobe. Designations are the same as in Figures 1–8.

FIGURES 9–14 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of new species. I. Subgroups steinboecki and longipes

FIGURES 9–14. Diamesa kownackii sp. nov., male. 9, head; 10, tergite IX; 11–12, transverse sternapodeme, phallapodeme and aedeagal lobe; 13, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 14, anal point in lateral view.

Figure 1 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene, showing relationships among ciliates isolated from the digestive tract of panesthiine cockroaches. All tree-building methods resulted in very similar topologies. The single exception is the Anteclevelandella constricta cluster, where the IQTree topology differs from that of both Bayesian trees (shown in the box). Bootstrap values for the maximum likelihood conducted in IQTrees and posterior probabilities for Bayesian inferences conducted in MrBayes and Phycas are listed at corresponding nodes of the best scoring IQTree. Specimen codes and further details are listed in Table 1. The scale bar denotes two substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

Figure 4 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 4. Consensus secondary structure of the ITS2 molecule of 54 members of the order Clevelandellida isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Note that the central loop radiates four highly conserved helices. The structure logo of helices is shown on the right side. The height of a base is proportional to its frequency in the multiple sequence alignment.

Figure 3 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 3. MDS diagrams (A, C, E) and TCS networks (B, D, F) based on 18S rRNA gene (A, B), ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (C, D) and 28S rRNA gene (E, F) sequences of the family Clevelandellidae. The MDS diagrams show the distribution of specimens in the genotype space. Species belonging to the same genus form a cluster distinctly isolated from other such clusters. The TCS networks reflect the most parsimonious relationships among species given the individual markers. Numbers along edges indicate mutational steps between adjacent nodes. Species belonging to the same genus are marked by the same colour code.

Figure 7 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 7. Putative secondary structure models of the highly divergent helix c3-1 in the D2 domain of the 28S rRNA molecule of 17 species of the order Clevelandellida isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Arrowheads denote the molecular diagnostic characters.

Figure 2. Coalescent species trees with 13 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 2. Coalescent species trees with 13 (A) and 14 (B) assumed species based on 18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Posterior probabilities of clades are provided along internal branches and posterior probabilities for the presence of individual species are provided behind the terminal branches. Scale bars denote the fraction of substitutions per site.

Figure 9 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 9. MDS diagram (A) and TCS network (B) based on concatenated 18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene sequences of the family Clevelandellidae. The MDS diagram shows the distribution of specimens in the genotype space. Species belonging to the same genus form a cluster distinctly isolated from other such clusters. The TCS network reflects the most parsimonious relationships among species given the concatenated dataset. Numbers along edges indicate mutational steps between adjacent nodes. Species belonging to the same genus are marked by the same colour code.

Figure 6 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 6. Putative secondary structure models of helices 39‒44 in the V7 region of the 18S rRNA molecule of four Nyctotherus species isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Arrowheads denote the molecular diagnostic characters. CBC, compensatory base change; hemi-CBC, hemi-compensatory base change.

Figure 5 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 5. Putative secondary structure models of the highly divergent helix 23e1 in the V4 region of the 18S rRNA molecule of 17 species of the order Clevelandellida isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Arrowheads denote the molecular diagnostic characters.

FIGURE 1 in DNA barcoding reveals new records of invasive terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in the Macaronesian region

FIGURE 1. Maximum-likelihood tree of invasive terrestrial flatworms, based on COI sequences. Bootstrap values are presented only for main clades. Countries are indicated after GenBank accession number. Red: specimens sequenced in this study. A. Caenoplana coerulea tree. B. Endeavouria septemlineata tree. C. Obama nungara tree.

FIGURE 13 in DNA barcoding of Sclerogibbidae and confirmation of the opposite sexes of Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae)

FIGURE 13. NJ tree based on 623bp COI sequences. The numbers in the tree indicate bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates. JN = unidentified species from Belize, probably belonging to Probethylus. KY = unidentified species from Pakistan M = male. F = female.

FIGURES 1–4. Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit. 1–2 in DNA barcoding of Sclerogibbidae and confirmation of the opposite sexes of Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae)

FIGURES 1–4. Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit. 1–2, ♀ (A1) in dorsal (1) and lateral (2) view. 3–4, ♂ (A2) in dorsal (3) and lateral (4) view. Specimens from Abu Dhabi, Houbara Protected Area. Scale bar: 1.6 mm for 1; 1.7 mm for 2; 2.6 mm for 3; 1.3 mm for 4.

FIGURES 9–12. 9–10 in DNA barcoding of Sclerogibbidae and confirmation of the opposite sexes of Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae)

FIGURES 9–12. 9–10, Sclerogibba crassifemorata Riggio & De Stefani-Perez: ♂ (A5) from Abu Dhabi, Houbara Protected Area, in dorsal (9) and lateral (10) view. 11–12, Caenosclerogibba longiceps (Richards), ♀ (A9) from Japan, Kyushu Island, Kagoshima Pref., Shiroyama, in dorsal (11) and lateral (12) view. Scale bar: 0.9 mm for 9; 1.1 mm for 10; 0.6 mm for 11 and 12.

FIGURES 5–8. 5–6 in DNA barcoding of Sclerogibbidae and confirmation of the opposite sexes of Sclerogibba berlandi Benoit (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae)

FIGURES 5–8. 5–6, Sclerogibba talpiformis Benoit: ♂ (A6) from Abu Dhabi, Houbara Protected Area, in dorsal (5) and lateral (6) view. 7–8, Sclerogibba rossi Olmi: ♀ (A8) from Japan, Okinawa-jima Isl., Mihama, in dorsal (7) and lateral (8) view. Scale bar: 1.9 mm for 5; 1.6 mm for 6; 0.9 mm for 7 and 8.