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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Evaluating the performance of fire rate of spread models in northern-European Calluna vulgaris heathlands - Supplemental Material

Supplemental Data analysis tables and raw data from the publication submitted to the journal "Fire" (MDPI) "Evaluating the performance of fire rate of spread models in northern-European Calluna vulgaris heathlands".

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data for: Fire history and weather interact to determine extent and synchrony of mast-seeding in rhizomatous scrub oaks of Florida

In disturbance-prone ecosystems, fitness consequences of plant reproductive strategies are often determined by the relative timing of seed production and disturbance events, but the role of disturbances as proximate drivers of seed production has been overlooked. We use long-term data on seed production in Quercus chapmanii, Q. geminata, and Q. inopina, rhizomatous oaks found in Southcentral Florida's oak scrub, to investigate the role of fire history and its interaction with weather in shaping acorn production and its synchrony. Acorn production increased with the time since last fire, combined with additive or interactive effects of spring precipitation (+) or drought (–). Furthermore, multiple matrix regression models revealed that ramet pairs with shared fire history were more synchronous in seed production than ones that burned in different years. Long-term trends suggest that increasingly drier spring weather, in interaction with fire frequency, may drive a decline of seed production. Such declines could affect the community of acorn-reliant vertebrates in the Florida scrub, including endangered Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). These results illustrate that fire can function as a proximate driver of seed production in mast-seeding species, highlighting the increasingly recognized importance of interactions among reproductive strategies and disturbance regimes in structuring plant populations and communities.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Controlling fire color, ignition and a shape with magnetic field

Few interesting experiments about the effect of magnetic field on fire ignition color and size when using a mixture of ferroelectric material (Iron oxide) and combustible material (Parafin Oil, paraffin). The effect of flame size and ignition can probably be explained by spikes increasing the material surface area, and the iron oxide act as a wick (like in a candle).  The color switch when adding Boric Acid (B(OH)3 and sea salt (NaCl) when applying a magnetic field is harder to explain. Procedures: a) Flame color changes when applying a magnetic field (no idea why this happens) 1) To a small glass, add 16 ml of alcoholic gel (Dr. Fischer Alco-Gel 70%) or paraffin oil. 2) Add one spoon of table salt (NaCl). Add one spoon of boric acid (B(OH)3). Add one spoon of Magnetite (Fe3O4) powder and stir. 3) Pour a drop of the mixture on a glass plate and ignite. Use the magnet below the plate to control the flame color.  4) To change the flame color from blue to red, put the magnet directly below the flame.  5) To change the flame color from red to blue, move the magnet sideways along the plate.  To extinguish the fire, cover the flame with a small bowl. b) Using a magnetic field to control fire ignition extinguishing and flame size.  Ferromagnetic wax preparation:  1. Add two spoons of paraffin wax (or oil) to glass (4-5 grams) and heat until the wax melt (60-100C).  2. Add two spoons of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) powder (6-7 grams) to the melted wax.  3. Mix until getting a uniform black solution and cool until the wax solidifies.  Usage: 1. Put a small amount of the ferromagnetic wax on a glass plate. 2. When touched by flame, the material will not ignite unless exposed to a magnetic field. 3. To enable ignition put a magnet directly below the wax. 4. To increase flame size, put the magnet directly below the fire. 5. To reduce the flame size or to extinguish/suppress flame put a magnet below the fire and move it sideways along the plate (fast movements will extinguish the fire). c) Controlling flame movement with magnetic field:  First, create a flammable magnetic material (most standard ferrofluid will do well for this)  The ferrofluid can be prepared by the following steps 1) Add about 6 ml of flammable oil (Parafin Oil or WD-40 oil works great).  2) Add one spoon (about 8 grams) of Magnetite (Fe3O4) powder or any other ferromagnetic powder.  3) stir until you get a uniform black mixture Experiment:  1) Pour a drop of the mixture on a glass plate and ignite.  2) Use a magnet from below the plate to control the flame.  3) To extinguish the fire, cover the flame with a small bowl.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

The trajectories of vegetative structure and soil microbial function diverged across a fire chronosequence of the boreal forests in Northeast China

The role of boreal forest to ameliorate the effect of global climate change largely depends on the regeneration of postfire forests in northeast China. The postfire recovery of boreal forest can be evaluated by the aboveground vegetative structure and soil microbial function. In present study, a 50-year fire chronosequence was established, and the biomass of forbs, shrub and woody plant was separately weighted to assess their contribution to the whole community with the year since fire (YSF). Simultaneously, soil biophysical properties were measured for stands in different time period after fire. Soil microbial functions, i.e., growth efficiency (GE) and carbon use efficiency (CUE), were calculated basing on ecoenzymatic and soil nutrient stoichiometry. In terms of vegetative structure, forbs' proportion decreased from 75% to 1.5%, but the proportion of woody plant increased from 0.04% to 70% across this fire chronosequence. In contrast, soil microbial function reached the highest value in 15 YSF and then began to decrease. As an important variable, soil metal content, particularly the calcium content, showed a positive correlation with woody plant biomass and a negative with soil microbial function. Furthermore, soil metal content was significantly increased in the late stage of this fire chronosequence. Overall, the present work highlighted that the time period of 15 YSF and 31 YSF was a hallmark stage for aboveground vegetative structure and soil microbial function to change in different trends, and the calcium content may partly account for these two divergent trajectories.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Global Fire Weather Indices - supporting data for Jain et al. 2021, Nature Climate Change

Daily fire weather indices (FWI and ISI, outputs of the Canadian Fire Weather Index System) from 1979-2020 at 0.25 deg resolution. This data supports the analysis in "Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature", Jain et al. 2021, accepted for publication in Nature Climate Change. Variables were processed using inputs from the ERA5 Reanalysis (hourly surface data from 1979–2020, available from <a href="https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview">https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview</a>). FWI System indices were calculated using the CFFDRS R package using the overwintering procedure outlined in McElhinny et al. 2020.  References McElhinny, M., Beckers, J. F., Hanes, C., Flannigan, M., and Jain, P.: A high-resolution reanalysis of global fire weather from 1979 to 2018 – overwintering the Drought Code, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1823–1833, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1823-2020, 2020.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Ionic conductances driving tonic firing in Purkinje neurons of larval zebrafish

This contains all the analysed dataset related to the publication in Journal of Physiology; Jadhav et al., 2025. Folders contain data used for each figure. Scripts to analyse eletrophysiology recordings and generate figures added in a separate folder.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data for: Mechanisms of fire-maintained plant species diversity in species-rich wet pine savannas

Temperate savannas and grasslands maintained by frequent, low-intensity disturbances such as fire contain among the most species-rich plant communities in the world. Precisely how these disturbances maintain such high fine-scale diversity is poorly understood. This study examined the effects of the frequency of simulated fire (clipping combined with litter removal) and the relative importance of recruitment and survival on species diversity and trait and species composition at each of two pine savannas in southeastern Mississippi (USA) that had not been recently burned. Ten 2 × 2 m plots at each site were clipped/cleared annually from 2014 to 2019 and again in spring 2021 (annual frequency). The other 10 clipping plots were not clipped from 2018 to 2020 (reduced frequency). Vegetation in small subplots in annual frequency and reduced frequency plots was compared in August 2021 to test the effects of a short period without clipping on diversity and composition. To test the relative importance of recruitment and survival on diversity and composition, four 0.25 × 0.25 m quarter plots were established within each of 10 annual-frequency plots per site following a clipping treatment in fall 2019 and assigned a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of transplantation of sods from long-unburned areas and herbicide application. Reducing the frequency of clipping reduced plant diversity and altered composition at both sites. A comparison of diversity and trait composition responses to transplant and herbicide treatments revealed how recruitment and survival combined to affect species diversity. Partial or complete recovery of diversity following clipping and litter removal at both sites was driven by rapid increases in short-lived, resilient species that show fire-stimulated emergence from a seed bank and the persistence of long-lived species capable of surviving the prolonged period without fire or clipping. Species with reduced resilience and persistence were more likely to be lost in the reduced frequency treatment. Results are consistent with a model of short-term coexistence of maximum species diversity maintained by the most frequent fire regimes fuels will permit.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Scientific internship - Influence of fire conditions on the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns

Data collected during the scientific internship (photos and videos, research materials, infoCAD files, presentations).

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Tube locations of the red imported fire ant (RIFA)

Solenopsis invicta Buren, also known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA), has had a large negative impact on human and livestock health. However, few studies have further investigated the influence of human land use, which is an important factor affecting the habitats of insects, on the expansion of RIFAs. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of the empirical associations between RIFA diffusion and land use within countries. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide an approach to delineate the areas of RIFA infestations and explore how land-use influences the spatiotemporal diffusion of S. invicta. We used RIFA data from 2008 to 2015 from the RIFA surveillance system, which was conducted by the National RIFA Control Center in Taiwan. Two regions in Taiwan with different RIFA infestation levels were investigated. The ordinary kriging method was applied to show the spatial intensity of RIFAs and the extreme distance estimator method was applied to determine the critical dispersal distances which showed the distance of the highest probability of RIFAs in two consecutive years. In addition, network analyses were used to identify RIFA invasion routes between land-use types. Finally, bivariate local indicators of spatial association were used to capture the invasion process in time and space. The results showed paddy fields, main roads, and warehouses were identified as the top three land-use types of diffusion sources. On average, the critical RIFA dispersal distances were 600 and 650 m in two consecutive years in high- and low-infestation regions, respectively. Finally, RIFAs were likely to diffuse between main roads and warehouses in the low-infestation region. Therefore, it is suggested that RIFA control activities be implemented at least 600 m from the observed spot. Additionally, control activities should be conducted on the identified three land-use types of diffusion sources in the high-infestation region, and the roadsides between main roads and warehouses in the low-infestation region to prevent the accidental spread of RIFAs.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

High-intensity fires may have limited medium-term effectiveness for reversing woody plant encroachment in an African savanna

1. Woody thickening or "bush encroachment" is a growing concern in savannas worldwide and can reportedly be reversed by applying high-intensity fires. Preliminary findings following experimental fires in 2010 and 2013 indicated that woody plant cover declined one year after high-intensity fires, but increased after low-intensity fires. However, the longer-term outcomes of high-intensity fires are largely unknown. 2. To establish longer-term outcomes, we re-assessed sites subjected to Low, Medium and High-intensity fire treatments 10 years after the initial experimental fires. We compared woody vegetation structure in 2010 with that in 2020 using both ground surveys and airborne LiDAR. 3. Ground surveys revealed increases in the number of stems and individual shrubs (< 10 m tall) over 10 years, and decreases in shrub height, with no significant differences between treatments. Large trees (≥ 10 m) declined by about 65% in number due to ongoing high mortality across treatments over 10 years. 4. LiDAR surveys revealed significant but very small differences in woody plant height and cover between treatments after 10 years. Median height was around 2 m in all treatments, and 90th percentile tree height was moderately taller in the Low fire treatment. Mean canopy cover was about 55% in all treatments. The treatments, therefore, did not result in a meaningful reversal of woody encroachment with no discernible difference between the treatment sites after 10 years. 5. Synthesis and applications. The application of high-intensity fires did not reverse woody encroachment in the longer term. In addition, the application of such treatments would be impractical at a large scale. Within a framework of Strategic Adaptive Management, the next logical step would be to attempt a different approach. In this case, it is intended to use early or late wet season burns to increase the mortality of shrubs when they are in a more vulnerable phenological state. This study illustrates the importance of ongoing long-term monitoring, review and adaptation for finding practical ways to achieve desired ecological outcomes.

opencc-by-nc-sa-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Detection of the Fire Drill anti-pattern: 15 real-world projects with ground truth, issue-tracking data, source code density, models and code

This package contains artifacts for 15 real-world software projects. The data is supposed to aid the detection of the presence of the Fire Drill anti-pattern. We include original data, ground truth, code (experimental setups and models), and notebooks. The data supports two distinct methods of detecting the AP: a) through issue-tracking data, and b) through the underlying source code. This version of the dataset corresponds to v8 of the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.15090v8">technical report</a> and the <a href="https://github.com/MrShoenel/anti-pattern-models/releases/tag/arxiv-v8">GitHub repository</a>. The package includes the following: Original data: <ul> <li>For each project, its original artifacts (e.g., wikis, meeting minutes, mentor's notes, etc.)</li> <li>Evaluation of raters' notes by the assessor</li> </ul> Fire Drill in issue-tracking data: <ul> <li>Ground truth for whether and how strong each project exhibits the Fire Drill AP, on a scale from [0,10]. This was determined by two individual raters, who also reached a consensus.</li> <li>Coefficients for indicators for the first method, per project.</li> <li>Detailed issue-tracing data for each project: what occurred and when.</li> <li>Time logs for each project.</li> </ul> Fire Drill in source-code data: <ul> <li>Four technical reports that document the developed method of how to translate a description into a detectable pattern, and to use the pattern to detect the presence and to score it (similar to the rating). Also includes a report for how activities were assigned to individual commits.</li> <li>Source code density data (metrics) for each commit in each of the nine projects as a separate dataset.</li> <li>Code: a snapshot of the repository that holds all code, models, notebooks, and pre-computed results, for utmost reproducibility (the code is written in R).</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Williams Flats WRF-Fire Output Contain for FMC

Configuration and output files for a WRF-Fire simulation starting on August 6th for the contain-FMC sensitivity.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Supporting results and data for assessing impacts of the Grassy Ridge Fire on greater sage-grouse space use in eastern Idaho, USA

Global change has altered the nature of disturbance regimes and megafire events are increasingly common. Megafires result in immediate changes to habitat available to terrestrial wildlife over broad landscapes, yet we know surprisingly little about how such changes shape space use of sensitive species in habitat that remains. Functional responses provide a framework for understanding and predicting changes in space use following habitat alteration, but no previous studies have assessed functional responses as a consequence of megafire. We studied space use and tested for functional responses in habitat use by breeding greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) before and after landscape-level changes induced by a >40,000 ha, high-intensity megafire that burned sagebrush-steppe in eastern Idaho, USA. We also incorporated functional responses into predictive resource selection functions (RSFs) to map breeding habitat before and after the fire. Megafire had strong effects on the distribution of available resources and resulted in context-dependent habitat use that was heterogeneous across different components of habitat. We observed functional responses in use and selection of a variety of resources (shrubs and herbaceous vegetation) for both nesting and brood rearing. Functional responses in use of nesting habitat were influenced by the overarching effect of megafire on vegetation, whereas responses during brood rearing appeared to be driven by individual variation in available resources that was conditional on nest locations. Importantly, RSFs built using data collected prior to the burn also had poor transferability for predicting space use in a post-megafire landscape. These results have strong implications for understanding and predicting how animals respond to a rapidly changing environment, given that increased severity, frequency, and extent of wildfire are consequences of global change with the capacity to reshape ecosystems. We therefore demonstrate a conceptual framework to better understand space use and aid habitat conservation for wildlife in a rapidly changing world.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Climate data, burned areas and active fires predited in Guinea-Savannah and Forest-savannah mosaic zones in Ghana

Climate data, burned areas and active fires predited in Guinea-Savannah zone and Forest-savannah mosaic zone in Ghana

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: de Andrade ARM, Cardoso DC, Cristiano MP (2023) Assessing ploidy levels and karyotype structure of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Comparative Cytogenetics 17: 59-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.100945

Results from the karyomorphometrical analyses of Solenopsis saevissima and Chromosome counts frequency by individual and colony of Solenopsis saevissima

Fig. 5 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California

Fig. 5.—Nonparametric multiplicative regression response curves (estimated by kernel functions) for the best model (highest cross-validated xR2) for describing Glaucomys sabrinus abundance given the habitat characteristics at 20 trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California (2004–2005). The best model included a combination of fire severity (index), shrub species understory cover (%), and oak tree overstory cover (%). The values on the graph are not intended to suggest definitive thresholds or maximum values for any of the habitat variables (see "Materials and Methods").

Fig. 3.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination for the 4 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California

Fig. 3.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination for the 4 habitat variables (overstory cover, oak tree cover, shrub cover, and fire severity index) and elevation and the 11 most commonly captured mammal species in 10 burned and 10 unburned sites from April to July 2004 and 2005 in Yosemite National Park, California. Only variables with a r ≥ 0.7 or the environmental variable with the highest r for that axis (i.e., fire severity r = −0.41 and oak tree cover r = 0.51) are listed on each axis. The R2 was 0.09 and 0.77 for axis 1 and 2, respectively, for a cumulative total of 0.86. The mammal species codes represent the following: CALA, Callospermophilus lateralis; GLSA, Glaucomys sabrinus (r = 0.73 on axis 1); MIXX, Microtus sp.; NEQU, Neotamias quadrimaculatus (r = −0.71 on axis 2); NESP, N. speciosus (r = −0.67 on axis 1); OTBE, Otospermophilus beecheyi; PEBO, Peromyscus boylii; PEMA; P. maniculatus (r = −0.88 on axis 2); SCGR, Sciurus griseus (r = 0.68 on axis 1); SOXX, Sorex sp.; TADO, Tamiasciurus douglasii.

Fig. 4 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California

Fig. 4.—Nonparametric multiplicative regression response curves (estimated by kernel functions) for the best model (highest cross-validated xR2) describing Neotamias quadrimaculatus abundance given the habitat characteristics at 20 trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California (2004–2005). The best model was the full model. The values on the graph are not intended to suggest definitive thresholds or maximum values for any of the habitat variables (see "Materials and Methods").

Fig. 2 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California

Fig. 2.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination results for overstory cover (%), oak tree cover (%), and shrub cover (%) at 10 burned and 10 unburned small mammal trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California, 2004 and 2005. Only the variables with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.7 are listed on each axis with overstory canopy and oak tree cover on axis 1 (r = −0.90 and 0.82, respectively) and shrub cover (r = 0.85) on axis 2. The R2 was 0.58 and 0.38 for axis 1 and 2, respectively, for a cumulative total of 0.96.

Fig. 6 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California

Fig. 6.—Nonparametric multiplicative regression response curves (estimated by kernel functions) for the best model (highest crossvalidated xR2) describing Neotamias speciosus abundance given the habitat characteristics at 20 trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California (2004–2005). The best model included a combination of fire severity (index) and elevation (m). The values on the graph are not intended to suggest definitive thresholds or maximum values for any of the habitat variables (see "Materials and Methods").