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FIGURES 5–8 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 5–8. Male of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n. 5. Abdominal tip, III–X terga, dorsal. 6. Abdominal tip, IX–X terga, epi- proct, styles, cerci, dorsal. 7. Abdominal tip, tergum VIII with horn-shaped processes; tergum IX with posteromedial sclerite; tergum X, cerci, dorsal, styles and specilla, ventral. 8. Abdominal tip, VIII–X terga, lateral.

FIGURES 9–11 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 9–11. Female of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n. 9. Habitus, dorsal. 10. Subgenital plate, ventral. 11. Spermatheca, cleared, mounted ventral.

FIGURES 1–4 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 1–4. Male of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n. 1. Habitus, lateral. 2. Abdominal tip, lateral. 3. Abdominal tip, ventral. 4. Pro-, meso- and metathorax.

FIGURES 12–15. 12 in A new micropterous winter species of Leuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and little known endemic stoneflies from the Greater Caucasus

FIGURES 12–15. 12. Map of the collecting sites of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n. in Abkhazia and Western Georgia (black dot). 13. Collecting site of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n., in the Khobi River (the West Georgia). 14, 15. Collecting sites of Leuctra abkhaziae sp. n., in the Lashipse River (Abkhazia, Ritza Lake Basin). Photo by D. Palatov.

Dataset supporting "Predictable Patterns of Seasonal Atmospheric River Variability Over North America During Winter"

A dataset containing selected outputs from real time forecasts and hindcasts produced by the Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (SPEAR). Variables in the dataset include atmospheric river frequency, surface temperature, 500 hPa geopotential height and precipitation. The period covers 1991 through 2023 averaged seasonally in the months December through February. Forecasts initialized in a given month "MM" are stored in subdirectories and files with the indicator "iMM," where MM varies from 03 to 12 (March through December). A pair of python scripts demonstrating average predictability time analysis are also included. This data is associated with the study "Predictable Patterns of Seasonal Atmospheric River Variability over North America during Winter," by Clark et al.

Characterization of N variations in different organs of winter wheat and mapping NUE using UAV-based remote sensing

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Data for "Understanding the drivers and predictability of record low Antarctic sea ice in austral winter 2023"

Data for Figures 1 - 5 in "Understanding the drivers and predictability of record low Antarctic sea ice in austral winter 2023". Includes data for: CESM2-Nudge, ERA5, CESM2-REFORECAST-2023, CESM2-FORECAST-2024, and CESM2-NO-ENSO-NUDGE.

Supplemental Data- Figures and Tables-Soft Red Winter Wheat Elite Germplasm Screening and Evaluation for Strip Rust in the US Southeast Region

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A temperate whelk overcomes winter cold spells but not summer heatwaves

This data was generated during a laboratory study that considered the effects of short and extended summer and winter marine heatwaves and marine coldspells on the southern African whelk Burnupena lagenaria. Ackland SJ, Martin N, Robinson TB (in press) A temperate whelk overcomes winter cold spells but not summer heatwaves. Marine Biology Research <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2025.2512435">https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2025.2512435</a>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Data for late winter NAO teleconnections

Time series from various climate simulations from various ensembles (CMIP6, PPEs and HighResMIP) and ERA5 reanalysis for various drivers of late winter NAO. Used in Climate Dynamics paper: Effect of resolution on simulated teleconnections to winter North Atlantic circulation inferred from a causal network derived from expert elicitation. David M. H. Sexton1, Kuniko Yamazaki1, John W. Rostron1, Nick J. Dunstone1, David R. Fereday1, Steven C. Hardiman1, Sarah Ineson1, Jeff R. Knight1

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Regional and local patterns of genetic variation and structure in yellow-necked mice − the roles of geographic distance, population abundance and winter severity

The goal of this study, conducted in seven large woodlands and three areas with small woodlots in north-eastern Poland in 2004-2008, was to infer genetic structure in yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis population and to evaluate the roles of environmental and population ecology variables in shaping the spatial pattern of genetic variation using 768 samples genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. Genetic variation was very high in all studied regions. The primal genetic subdivision was observed between the northern and the southern parts of the study area, which harboured two major clusters and the intermediate area of highly admixed individuals. The probability of assignment of individual mice to the northern cluster increased significantly with lower temperatures of January and July and declined in regions with higher proportion of deciduous and mixed forests. Despite the detected structure, genetic differentiation among regions was very low. Fine-scale structure was shaped by the population density, whereas higher level structure was mainly shaped by geographic distance. Genetic similarity indices were highly influenced by mouse abundance (which positively correlated with the share of deciduous forests in the studied regions) and exhibited the greatest change between 0 and 1 km in the forests, 0 and 5 km in small woodlots. Isolation by distance pattern, calculated among regions, was highly significant but such relationship between genetic and geographic distance was much weaker, and held the linearity at very fine scale (~1.5 km), when analyses were conducted at individual level.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Wintering sea duck distribution along the Atlantic coast of the United States

Although monitoring data for sea ducks (Tribe Mergini) are limited, current evidence suggests that four of the most common species wintering along the eastern coast of the United States—long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, white-winged scoter Melanitta fusca, surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata, and black scoter Melanitta americana—may be declining, while the status of American common eider Somateria mollissima dresseri is uncertain. The apparent negative trends, combined with the fact that sea duck life histories are among the most poorly documented of North American waterfowl, have led to concerns for these species and questions about the impacts of human activities, such as hunting, as well as catastrophic events and environmental change. During winter, thousands of sea ducks are found along the U.S. Atlantic coast, where they may be affected by proposed wind-power development, changes to marine traffic, aquaculture practices, sand mining, and other coastal development. Possible impacts are difficult to quantify because traditional winter waterfowl surveys do not cover many of the marine habitats used by sea ducks. Thus, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted an experimental survey of sea ducks from 2008 to 2011 to characterize their winter distributions along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Each year, data were collected on 11 species of sea ducks on >200 transects, stretching from Maine to Florida. In this paper, we describe distribution of common eider, long-tailed duck, white-winged scoter, surf scoter, and black scoter. Densities of the two species with the most northerly distribution, white-winged scoter and common eider, were highest near Cape Cod and Nantucket. Long-tailed duck was most abundant around Cape Cod, Nantucket Shoals, and in Chesapeake Bay. Surf scoter also concentrated within Chesapeake Bay; however, they were additionally found in high densities in Delaware Bay, and along the Maryland–Delaware outer coast. Black scoter, the most widely distributed species, occurred at high densities along the South Carolina coast and the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Spatial patterns of high-density transects were consistent among years for all species except black scoter, which exhibited the most interannual variation in distribution. The distance from land, depth, and bottom slope where flocks were observed varied among species and regions, with a median distance of 3.8 km from land along the coastal transects and 75% of flocks observed over depths of <16 m. Common eider and long-tailed duck were observed closer to shore and over steeper ocean bottoms than were the three scoter species. Our results represent the first large-scale quantitative description of winter sea duck distribution along the U.S. Atlantic coast, and should guide the development of sea duck monitoring programs and aid the assessment of potential impacts of ongoing and proposed offshore development.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Effect of winter cold duration on spring phenology of the orange tip butterfly, Anthocharis cardamines

The effect of spring temperature on spring phenology is well understood in a wide range of taxa. However, studies on how winter conditions may affect spring phenology are underrepresented. Previous work on Anthocharis cardamines (orange tip butterfly) has shown population-specific reaction norms of spring development in relation to spring temperature and a speeding up of post-winter development with longer winter durations. In this experiment, we examined the effects of a greater and ecologically relevant range of winter durations on post-winter pupal development of A. cardamines of two populations from the United Kingdom and two from Sweden. By analyzing pupal weight loss and metabolic rate, we were able to separate the overall post-winter pupal development into diapause duration and post-diapause development. We found differences in the duration of cold needed to break diapause among populations, with the southern UK population requiring a shorter duration than the other populations. We also found that the overall post-winter pupal development time, following removal from winter cold, was negatively related to cold duration, through a combined effect of cold duration on diapause duration and on post-diapause development time. Longer cold durations also lead to higher population synchrony in hatching. For current winter durations in the field, the A. cardamines population of southern UK could have a reduced development rate and lower synchrony in emergence because of short winters. With future climate change, this might become an issue also for other populations. Differences in winter conditions in the field among these four populations are large enough to have driven local adaptation of characteristics controlling spring phenology in response to winter duration. The observed phenology of these populations depends on a combination of winter and spring temperatures; thus, both must be taken into account for accurate predictions of phenology.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Concurrent shifts in wintering distribution and phenology in migratory swans

Range shifts and phenological change are two processes by which organisms respond to environmental warming. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes is key for optimal conservation and management. Here we study both processes in the migratory Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) using different methods, analysing nearly 50 years of resighting data (1970-2017). In this period the wintering area of the Bewick's swans shifted eastwards ("short-stopping") at a rate of >12.5 km y-1, thereby shortening individual migration distance on average by 353 km. Concurrently, the time spent at the wintering grounds has reduced ("short-staying") by ~38 days since 1989. We show that individuals are consistent in their migratory timing in winter, indicating that the frequency of individuals with different migratory schedules has changed over time (a generational shift). In contrast, for short-stopping we found evidence for both individual plasticity (individuals decrease their migration distances over their lifetime) and generational shift. Additional analysis of swan resightings with temperature data showed that, throughout the winter, Bewick's swans frequent areas where air temperatures are c. 5.5˚C. These areas have also shifted eastwards over time, hinting that climate warming is a contributing factor behind the observed changes in the swans' distribution. The occurrence of winter short-stopping and short-staying suggests that this species is to some extent able to adjust to climate warming, but benefits or repercussions at other times of the annual cycle need to be assessed. Furthermore, these phenomena could lead to changes in abundance in certain areas, with resulting monitoring and conservation implications. Understanding the processes and driving mechanisms behind population changes therefore is important for population management, both locally and across the species range.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Winter territory prospecting is associated with life-history stage but not activity in a passerine

Finding a high quality territory is essential for many animals to reproduce successfully. Despite its importance for fitness, we know little about the process of territory prospecting in wild birds, and whether individual traits and behaviours, such as personality, co-vary with territory prospecting. Here, we use long-term data from a wild, insular house sparrow Passer domesticus population to test three hypotheses about territory fidelity and prospecting: (1) House sparrows show high territory fidelity between years and also during winter. (2) Individuals will prospect for a breeding territory during their first winter whereas older, more experienced individuals will keep a territory from previous years and will, therefore, show no or reduced winter territory prospecting. (3) More active behavioural types will prospect more than less active behavioural types. We use data from four winters from automatically, daily recorded nest-box visits of 188 birds of known age. The number of nest-boxes that each individual visited within each winter was used as a proxy of winter territory prospecting. We show that house sparrows visit multiple nest-boxes during their first winter, whereas older individuals keep territories year-round and, potentially because of this, indeed show reduced winter territory prospecting. Activity was not associated with the number of nest-boxes visited. Further research is needed to investigate whether time of territory and mate acquisition differs among individuals and the possible effect on lifetime fitness.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Pro-inflammatory immune response is linked to wintering habitat in a migratory shorebird

Migratory shorebirds (Charadrii) show a strong dichotomy in their breeding and wintering strategies: Arctic-breeding species typically spend the wintering season in marine habitats, while more southerly breeding species tend to do so in freshwater habitats where pathogens and parasites, particularly vector-borne blood parasites, are generally more abundant. Thus, it has been hypothesized that the former group may reduce their investment in immunity, but experimental data supporting this hypothesis are lacking. Moreover, whether this contrasting habitat selection can shape investments in immunocompetence among populations within a species is uncertain. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that there is a significant association between habitat occupancy and the strength of a pro-inflammatory immune response in Dunlins Calidris alpina, a widely distributed long-distance migratory shorebird that breeds in (sub-)arctic areas and winters mainly, but not exclusively, in coastal habitats. Overwintering Dunlins occupying inland freshwater and marine habitats at a similar latitude were captured and acclimated under identical conditions in outdoor aviaries. After an acclimation period, they were challenged with phytohemagglutinin to assess the pro-inflammatory immune response and its associated energetic costs, measured by basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass changes. We found that freshwater Dunlins exhibited a higher (63%) pro-inflammatory immune response than marine Dunlins. Although this difference did not involve significant BMR changes, the time course of body mass response differed between freshwater and marine individuals. Our findings point to the existence of different pro-inflammatory immune and energetic strategies associated to the wintering habitat. These intraspecific differences are likely due to population adaptation rather than phenotypic plasticity, where not only disease risk but also physiological adaptations to different salinity levels could play an important role.

FIGURE 11. Capnia s.l in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 11. Capnia s.l. sp. (female) a. Terminalia after 10% NaOH treatment, ventral view. b. Terminalia after 10% NaOH treatment, oblique lateral view.

FIGURE 9. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 9. Capnia s.l. yunnana Li & Yang (male). a. Epiproct, dorsal view. b. Epiproct, lateral view.

FIGURE 8 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 8. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (female). a. Terminalia, ventral view. b. Sternite 8, ventral view. c. Vagina, dorsal view. d. Vagina, lateral view. Abbreviations: S7: Sternite 7, S8: Sternite 8, S9: Sternite 9 (postgenital plate), T9: Tergite 9, seg8: segment 8.

FIGURE 7. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, females from Sejilashan. a. & c. Forewing. b. & d in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 7. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, females from Sejilashan. a. & c. Forewing. b. & d. Hindwing.