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Annual summaries of daily climatological observations from the National Weather Service weather station at Brunswick, Georgia for 1915 to 2004
Daily summaries of climatological observations from the National Weather Service weather station in Brunswick, Georgia, were obtained from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/) covering the period 1915 through 2004. Missing values of daily minimum, maximum and mean temperature were estimated by cubic spline interpolation to fill in data gaps of five or fewer consecutive days. Annual summary statistics were then calculated for daily minimum, maximum and mean air temperature and total precipitation.
White Mountain National Forest Boundary: GIS Shapefile
This dataset contains the White Mountain National Forest Boundary. The boundary was extracted from the National Forest boundaries coverage for the lower 48 states, including Puerto Rico developed by the USDA Forest Service - Geospatial Service and Technology Center. The coverage was projected from decimal degrees to UTM zone 19. This dataset includes administrative unit boundaries, derived primarily from the GSTC SOC data system, comprised of Cartographic Feature Files (CFFs), using ESRI Spatial Data Engine (SDE) and an Oracle database. The data that was available in SOC was extracted on November 10, 1999. Some of the data that had been entered into SOC was outdated, and some national forest boundaries had never been entered for a variety of reasons. The USDA Forest Service, Geospatial Service and Technology Center has edited this data in places where it was questionable or missing, to match the National Forest Inventoried Roadless Area data submitted for the President's Roadless Area Initiative. Data distributed as shapefile in Coordinate system EPSG:26919 - NAD83 / UTM zone 19N.
Calling activity of Birds in the White Mountain National Forest: Audio Recordings (2016 and 2018)
We collected 410 10-minute sound recordings of birds in and near the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Recordings, which encompassed most of the bird breeding season in each of two years, included 130,776 vocalizations from 46 taxa. In the associated publication, we report species lists, rarefaction curves, and vocalization descriptions. We also provide analyses of habitat associations, phenology, and spatial patterning in vocalization activity. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Calling activity of Birds in the White Mountain National Forest: Manifest of 99,778 acoustic recordings from bird plots in the Hubbard Brook Forest: 2016 - 2023
During 2016 - 2023, during the bird breeding season, we collected 99,778 files of bioacoustic recordings in and near the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Here, we provide a manifest of the sound files. Most files are one-hour recordings collected at 32 kHz and saved in FLAC format (~ 25 MB per file, ~ 13 TB total). Typical recording configuration was 05:00 - 08:00 and 17:30 - 20:30 local time. The full sound files have been saved in three respositories: two copies at Dartmouth College (Ayres lab) and one copy at the Macauley Library, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The full sound files are available upon request. The file attributes within the manifest include date, start time, and recorder group: e.g., Main, 10ha, Oven, VW, AshBirch, and Ridge. Each recorder group had 5 - 20 recorders at plots separated by >100 m. Coordinates of each recorder are associated with plot names within metadata. The bird species expected to occur in these recordings are those from Holmes et al. (2021). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Holmes, R., S. Sillett, and M. Hallworth. 2021. Bird species recorded within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and vicinity (1963-2020; updated January 2021). ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/da6cbb1ed8142d52a9d72762983742d8 (Accessed 2024-10-24).
Holocene insect fossil data for Indian Peaks Wilderness and Rocky Mountain National Park, 1985 and 1993.
Insect fossil assemblages were analyzed from the Indian Peaks Wilderness and Rocky Mountain National Park. Assemblages span the last 10,000 years revealing climate change and the response of both insects and vegetation in the montane to upper subalpine zones. The Longs Peak Inn Bog site (LPIB) yielded insect assemblages ranging in age from recent to 3500 yr BP. This insect fossil record suggests climatic cooling at about 1800 yr BP and between 250 and 300 yr BP (AD 1700-1850). The bog may experience colder microclimates than the surrounding forests, yielding insect assemblages reflective of the colder, local microclimate. Also, alpine and upper subalpine insects may have been washed into the catchment basin of the bog from nearby slopes. Assemblages from four additional Front Range sites suggested a climatic optimum between 9000 and 7000 BP. Faunal evidence indicates a tree-limit decline at 4500 BP. Declining forest-tundra insect ratios, combined with the conifer macrofossil record, suggest a climatic deterioration from 4500 to 3100 BP followed by a rapid amelioration, from 3000 to 2000 BP. A gradual decline in the forest-tundra ratios occurred after 2000 BP, reaching 1:1 ratios at or before 1000 BP.
Desertification/Bureau of Land Managment (BLM) Transects at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1976,1986,1996)
Responses of plant communities to mammalian herbivores vary widely, due to variation in plant species composition, herbivore densities, forage preferences, soils, and climate. In this study, we evaluated simultaneous changes in 11 plant assemblages on the 100,000 ha Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in central New Mexico, USA, over a 20-yr period following removal of the major mammalian herbivores (livestock and prairie dogs) in 1972-1975. Thirty study sites were established in 1976 within and outside of the SNWR, and these sites were resampled in 1986 and 1996 using line transect methods. At the landscape scale, repeated measures ANOVA of percentage cover measurements showed no significant overall net changes in total perennial plant basal cover, either with or without herbivores present; however, there was an overall increase in annual forbs and plant litter from 1976 to 1996. At the site scale, significant changes in species composition and dominance were observed both through time and across the SNWR boundary; each plant assemblage exhibited varying degrees of change, with sites dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama grass) being the most dynamic and sites dominated by Scleropogon brevifolius (burro grass) being the most persistent. Species-specific changes also were observed across multiple sites: B. eriopoda cover increased while Gutierrezia sarothrae (a small, short-lived shrub) greatly decreased. The non-uniform, multi-directional changes of the different plant assemblages acted to prevent detection of overall changes in perennial vegetation at the landscape level. Some plant assemblages displayed significant changes after removal of herbivores, while others appeared to respond primarily to climate dynamics. Certain species (e.g., G. sarothrae) that were not preferred by livestock or prairie dogs showed overall declines during drought periods, while other preferred species (e.g., B. eriopoda) exhibited widespread increases during wetter periods
2003 Prescribed Burn Effect on Chihuahuan Desert Grasses and Shrubs at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Grass Recovery Study (2003-2018)
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife's plan to apply a prescribed burn to a large portion of McKenzie Flats was deemed an opportunity to study the effects of fire on vegetation at the boundary between shrubland and grassland. This study actually was undertaken on an area that had prescribed fire applied to 8 of 16 (300 m x 300 m) plots 10 years before in 1993. This previous study had also examined the effects of fencing to exclude the indigenous prong-horn antelope. In the 2003 study the prescribed fire was applied to the northeastern half of the 16 plots while the southwestern plots were intentionally protected. Sampling prior to the prescribed burn included quantification of cover of grass species in quadrats within all of the 16 plots. Measurements were made using "niner" quadrat frames that are 30 cm x 30 cm frames that are divided into 9 1-decimeter squares. Counts of grass species were made just prior to the June 2003 burn. Following the prescribed burn, quadrats were remeasured in the fall of 2003 to quantify mortality of grass species. These measurements were taken through the fall of 2012 and the fall of 2018. Measurements were not taken for 2014-2017.
Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) Habitat Soils Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1984)
In 1984, a research project was initiated on a relatively small disturbance patch just south of Deep Well. This disturbance was thought to be the result of an old praire dog town, probably dating back to when a nearby ranch was active, and a lot of old mammal mounds remained in the disturbed area. One of the things that made the disturbance patch particularily noticeable was the lush growth of snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) within the patch. This prompted the designation of the disturbance patch as the "snakeweed patch" or "Gutierrezia patch." In addition, there was an obvious increase in bare ground and a shift in vegetation composition across the patch boundary. The dominant vegetation was not consistent around the boundary, with a marked dominance of black grama on the west side of the plot and a blue/black grama mix on the other three sides. To obtain information on the cause and/or effect of this disturbance, a survey of the soil and vegetation was performed.
Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) Habitat Vegetation Transect Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1996)
In 1984, a research project was initiated on a relatively small disturbance patch just south of Deep Well. This disturbance was thought to be the result of an old praire dog town, probably dating back to when a nearby ranch was active, and a lot of old mammal mounds remained in the disturbed area. One of the things that made the disturbance patch particularily noticeable was the lush growth of snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) within the patch. This prompted the designation of the disturbance patch as the "snakeweed patch" or "gutierrezia patch". In addition, there was an obvious increase in bare ground and a shift in vegetation composition across the patch boundary. The dominant vegetation was not consistent around the boundary, with a marked dominance of black grama on the west side of the plot and a blue/black grama mix on the other three sides. To obtain information on the cause and/or effect of this disturbance, a survey of the soil and vegetation was performed.In 1996, standard 100 m transects were set up parallel to the original vegetation transects and measured in a manner similar to SEV004 (Plant Line-Intercept Transects).
Hydraulic Constraints on Two Life History Stages of Larrea tridentata in a Chihuahuan Desert Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2002-2003)
Maintaining high rates of water loss during times of high resource availability could allow establishing woody desert perennials to grow quickly by allowing them to take advantage of the fleeting but abundant monsoonal moisture typical of warm deserts like the Chihuahuan. However, a plant cannot endlessly increase water loss in order to grow faster --there are hydraulic constraints on rates of water loss. The hydraulic properties of each particular plant xylem and soil microsite, as well as the AR:AL absorbing root area to transpiring leaf area ratio) interact to set limits on rates of water loss. If transpiration rates become too high, cavitation may limit the ability of the xylem to supply water to the leaves. The main objective of this study was to test two hypotheses on a population of Larrea tridentata at the Sevilleta LTER in central New Mexico (1) do small plants grow faster and use water less conservatively than large, and (2) are there differences in the hydraulic constraints on small and large plants. Measurements were made every six weeks in the spring, summer and fall from April 2002 - August 2003. Field measurements of shoot growth, gas exchange and plant and soil water potentials were made to determine growth rates and water use. Measurements of leaf specific conductance determined the ability of the xylem to supply water to the leaves. Excavation findings were used to estimate (AR:AL). Xylem vulnerability curves and soil texture analysis were used to determine the hydraulic properties of the plant xylem and soil. A model determined where the limiting conductance occurred in the plant-soil continuum.
Ocotillo Plant Demography Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, 2003
In order to better understand the life history of Ocotillo, a re-sampling of Ocotillo plants originally marked and studied in 1991 was done in the southeast corner of the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. All plants measured in 1991 were re-censused and re-tagged with new numbers. Measurements of plant height and branch number were repeated along with measurements pertaining to overall plant size.
2003 Prescribed Burn Effect on Chihuahuan Desert Grasses and Shrubs at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Grass Recovery Study (2003-2018)
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife's plan to apply a prescribed burn to a large portion of McKenzie Flats was deemed an opportunity to study the effects of fire on the vegetation at the boundary between shrubland and grassland. This study actually was undertaken on an area that had prescribed fire applied to 8 of 16 (300 m x 300 m) plots 10 years before in 1993. This previous study had also examined the effects of fencing to exclude the indigenous prong-horn antelope. In the 2003 study the prescribed fire was applied to the northeastern half of the 16 plots while the southwestern plots were intentionally protected. Sampling prior to the prescribed burn included quantification of fuel load (ie. the standing biomass of all grasses and forbs in the area to be burned). These measurements were made using Daubenmire quadrat frames that are 5 cm x 20 cm and delineate a 0.1 square meter area. Four samples were taken adjacent to the six 3 m x 4 m quadrats in each of the eight plots that were to be burned. Quadrat frames were laid down over the vegetation and all vegetation rooted within the frame was clipped at ground level. This material was bagged, oven-dried and weighed. Following the prescribed burn, re-measurements were made every fall of from 2004 until 2012 when vegetation had reached its annual peak biomass. Data were not collected from 2014-2017, but were collected again in 2018.
2003 Prescribed Burn Effect on Chihuahuan Desert Grasses and Shrubs at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Species Composition Study (2004-2018)
Disturbance from fire can affect the abundance and distribution of shrubs and grasses in arid ecosystems. In particular, fire may increase grass and forb production while hindering shrub encroachment. Therefore, prescribed fires are a common management tool for maintaining grassland habitats in the southwest. However, Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama), a dominant species in Chihuahuan Desert grassland, is highly susceptible to fire resulting in death followed by slow recovery rates. A prescribed fire on the Sevilleta National Wildlife refuge in central New Mexico in 2003 provided the opportunity to study the effects of infrequent fires on vegetation in this region. This study was conducted along a transition zone where creosote bushes (Larrea tridentata) are encroaching on a black grama grassland. Before and after the fire, above ground plant productivity and composition were monitored from 2003 to present. Following the prescribed fire, there were fewer individual grass clumps and less above ground grass cover in burned areas compared to unburned areas. This decrease in productivity was primarily from a loss of B. eriopoda. Specifically, B. eriopoda density and cover were significantly lower following the fire with a slow recovery rate in the five years following the fire. Other grasses showed no such adverse response to burning. Data were collected from 2004-2013 and 2018. Data were not collected for 2014-2017.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1/2006 - 7/2009)
This data set provides soil temperature data in each plot of the warming experiment (see SEV176). Data are collected with automated soil temperature probes at 15-minute intervals at two soil depths under grass and bare patches in each of the 40 plots.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Moisture Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1/2006-8/2009)
This data set provides soil moisture data in each plot of the warming experiment (see SEV176). Data are collected with automated soil moisture probes at 30-minute intervals at two soil depths under grass and bare patches in each of the 40 plots.
Pinon Juniper Net Primary Production Quadrat Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: 1999-2001
This three-year study at the Sevilleta LTER was designed to monitor net primary production (NPP) across two distinct ecosystems: pinon/juniper woodland (P) and juniper savannah woodland (J). Net primary production (NPP) is a fundamental ecological variable that measures rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses of the community to a wide range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating NPP, this study focused on estimating above-ground biomass production (ANPP).To measure ANPP (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time), the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, were sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these plots was used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." In addition, volumetric measurements were obtained from permanent plots to build regressions correlating biomass and volume.Spring measurements were taken in April or May when shrubs and spring annuals reached peak biomass. Fall measurements were taken in either September or October when summer annuals reached peak biomass but prior to killing frosts. Winter measurements were taken in February before the onset of spring growth.
Pinon-Juniper Dendrometer, Height, and Crown Area Measurements at Cerro Montosa, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2006-2009)
Allometry is a standard method of determining biomass and Net Primary Production of many trees. One of the standard variables used in such allometric regressions is bole diameter. On straight trunk trees measurements at breast height (DBH) taken using a DBH tape is adequate for quantifying changes in diameter over time. However, in scrub forests such as the Pinon Juniper PJ woodlands, common on the Sevilleta, both the pinon and particularly the junipers are relatively short and multi-trunked so that measurements must be taken near the ground and the consistency between measurements often lead to erroneous growth analysis. To reduce such discrepancy in readings, dendrometer bands were installed on 20 pinons and 20 junipers in the Cerro Montoso area where understory ANPP has been measured for some time. These dendrometers quantify the expansion (and contraction) of the tree bole through time. The beginning diameter at the time of installation was also measured and recorded. Heights of the 40 trees were also measured. The diameter of the foliage was measured across these trees at the widest point and then again on an axis perpendicular to this first reading. Readings of the dendrometers are repeated on about a monthly basis through the growing season. Heights of the trees are done on an annual basis. Measurements are collected to quantify the increase in bole diameter for a set of Pinons and Junipers in this area over time.
Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with a Dominant Grass in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2005)
We studied the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a semiarid grassland and the effect of long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization on this fungal community. Root samples of Bouteloua gracilis were collected at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (New Mexico, USA) from control and N-amended plots that have been fertilized since 1995. Small subunit rDNA was amplified using AMF specific primers NS31 and AM1. The diversity of AMF was low in comparison with other ecosystems, only seven operational taxonomic units (OTU) were found in B. gracilis and all belong to the genus Glomus. The dominant OTU was closely related to the ubiquitous G. intraradices/G. fasciculatum group. N-amended plots showed a reduction in the abundance of the dominant OTU and an increase in AMF diversity. The greater AMF diversity in roots from N-amended plots may have been the result of displacement of the dominant OTU, which facilitated detection of uncommon AMF. The long-term implications of AMF responses to N enrichment for plant carbon allocation and plant community structure remain unclear.
Effects of Kangaroo Rat Mounds on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2001)
Disturbance is a major factor in determining the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of ecological systems. Many studies have been conducted concerning the plant assemblages around Dipodmys spectabilis mounds compared to the off mound area. These studies have shown that annual plant cover is higher on the kangaroo rat mound compared to off the mound. However, no studies have addressed the effects of these rodents disturbance on the soil seed bank. Soil seed banks are an important component of the plant community particularly in arid environments. Annual plants have been known to create viable seeds that remain dormant in the soil for many years making their seed bank a persistent one. A persistent seed bank allows for future recruitment of plants given favorable conditions that could have a dramatic impact on the overall species diversity of the community. We studied the seed bank of eight forb taxa to ask the following questions: 1) Are there more seeds in the seed bank around kangaroo rat mounds compared to other microhabitats? 2) Does the seed composition differ among the different microhabitats? 3) If the seed composition does differ, do specific physical components of microhabitats predict seed populations?
Ground-Truthing Satellite Imagery with Phenological Observations: Visual Observations from Grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Phenology is the study of recurring natural phenomena. The seasonal "greening-up" and "greening-down" of dominant vegetation can be used as a predictor for a variety of processes and variables at local to global scales. The use of satellites to monitor land surface phenology is important for understanding local and regional ecosystem variability, identifying change over time, and potentially predicting ecosystem response to short and long-term changes in climate. However, the relationship between how phenology is expressed on the ground and how it is interpreted from satellites is poorly understood because phenological stages do not always correspond well to changes in spectral reflectance. In this study, we explored the relationship between greenness as measured by digital camera, the human eye, and ASTER imagery in two perennial grasslands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.