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2,615 results for “HIV Infections”
Data from: Effectiveness of physically ablative and pharmacological treatments for anal condyloma in HIV-infected men
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Data from: Hepatitis B virus sero-profiles and genotypes in HIV-1 infected and uninfected injection and non-injection drug users from coastal Kenya
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Data from: Pneumococcal colonisation density: a new marker for disease severity in HIV-infected adults with pneumonia
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Compartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of HIV infection
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Data from: Increasing procaspase 8 expression using repurposed drugs to induce HIV infected cell death in ex vivo patient cells
HIV persists because a reservoir of latently infected CD4 T cells do not express viral proteins and are indistinguishable from uninfected cells. One approach to HIV cure suggests that reactivating HIV will activate cytotoxic pathways; yet when tested in vivo, reactivating cells do not die sufficiently to reduce cell-associated HIV DNA levels. We recently showed that following reactivation from latency, HIV infected cells generate the HIV specific cytotoxic protein Casp8p41 which is produced by HIV protease cleaving procaspase 8. However, cell death is prevented, possibly due to low procaspase 8 expression. Here, we tested whether increasing procaspase 8 levels in CD4 T cells will produce more Casp8p41 following HIV reactivation, causing more reactivated cells to die. Screening 1277 FDA approved drugs identified 168 that increased procaspase 8 expression by at least 1.7-fold. Of these 30 were tested for anti-HIV effects in an acute HIVIIIb infection model, and 9 drugs at physiologic relevant levels significantly reduced cell-associated HIV DNA. Primary CD4 T cells from ART suppressed HIV patients were treated with one of these 9 drugs and reactivated with αCD3/αCD28. Four drugs significantly increased Casp8p41 levels following HIV reactivation, and decreased total cell associated HIV DNA levels (flurbiprofen: p = 0.014; doxycycline: p = 0.044; indomethacin: p = 0.025; bezafibrate: P = 0.018) without effecting the viability of uninfected cells. Thus procaspase 8 levels can be increased pharmacologically and, in the context of HIV reactivation, increase Casp8p41 causing death of reactivating cells and decreased HIV DNA levels. Future studies will be required to define the clinical utility of this or similar approaches.
Data from: Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria co-infection may present worse health outcomes in the tropics. Information on HIV/malaria co-infection effect on immune-hematological profiles is critical for patient care and there is a paucity of such data in Nigeria. Objective To evaluate immune-hematological profiles among HIV infected patients compared to HIV/malaria co-infected for ART management improvement. Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital, Kano. A total of 761 consenting adults attending ART clinic were randomly selected and recruited between June and December 2015. Participants' characteristics and clinical details including two previous CD4 counts were collected. Venous blood sample (4ml) was collected in EDTA tube for malaria parasite diagnosis by rapid test and confirmed with microscopy. Hematological profiles were analyzed by Sysmex XP-300 and CD4 count by Cyflow cytometry. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using Chi-Square test for association between HIV/malaria parasites co-infection with age groups, gender, ART, cotrimoxazole and usage of treated bed nets. Mean hematological profiles by HIV/malaria co-infection and HIV only were compared using independent t-test and mean CD4 count tested by mixed design repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical significant difference at probability of <0.05 was considered for all variables. Results Of the 761 HIV infected, 64% were females, with a mean age of ± (SD) 37.30 (10.4) years. Prevalence of HIV/malaria co-infection was 27.7% with Plasmodium falciparum specie accounting for 99.1%. No statistical significant difference was observed between HIV/malaria co-infection in association to age (p = 0.498) and gender (p = 0.789). A significantly (p = 0.026) higher prevalence (35.2%) of co-infection was observed among non-ART patients compared to (26%) ART patients. Prevalence of co-infection was significantly lower (20.0%) among cotrimoxazole users compared to those not on cotrimoxazole (37%). The same significantly lower co-infection prevalence (22.5%) was observed among treated bed net users compared to those not using treated bed nets (42.9%) (p = 0.001). Out of 16 hematology profiles evaluated, six showed significant difference between the two groups (i) packed cell volume (p = <0.001), (ii) mean cell volume (p = 0.005), (iii) mean cell hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.011), (iv) absolute lymphocyte count (p = 0.022), (v) neutrophil percentage count (p = 0.020) and (vi) platelets distribution width (p = <0.001). Current mean CD4 count cell/μl (349±12) was significantly higher in HIV infected only compared to co-infected (306±17), (p = 0.035). A significantly lower mean CD4 count (234.6 ± 6.9) was observed among respondents on ART compared to non-ART (372.5 ± 13.2), p<0.001, mean difference = -137.9). Conclusion The study revealed a high burden of HIV and malaria co-infection among the studied population. Co-infection was significantly lower among patients who use treated bed nets as well as cotrimoxazole chemotherapy and ART. Six hematological indices differed significantly between the two groups. Malaria and HIV co-infection significantly reduces CD4 count. In general, to achieve better management of all HIV patients in this setting, diagnosing malaria, prompt antiretroviral therapy, monitoring CD4 and some hematology indices on regular basis is critical.
Figure 1 in Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of a Recombinant Glycoprotein 120 Vaccine to Prevent HIV-1 Infection
Figure 1. Flow of study participants in the present trial (VAX004). rgp, recombinant glycoprotein.
MYELOGRAM INDICATORS IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
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Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics (PK) Interactions and Safety of Dolutegravir Plus 2 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV-1-Infected Solid Organ Transpla
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03360682. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Randomized Controlled Prophylactic Study of Clofazimine To Prevent Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection in HIV Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002058. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of Intensive cART During Acute/Early HIV Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01154673. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study of Peldesine (BCX-34) in HIV-Infected Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002237. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The Safety and Effectiveness of Adefovir Dipivoxil in the Treatment of HIV-Infected Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001082. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Single-Dose Study of MK-4250 Monotherapy in Anti-Retroviral Therapy-Naive, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Infected Participants (MK-4250-002)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03351699. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Observation of HIV-Infected Children Receiving Protease Inhibitor and Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001826. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Safety Study of a Dual Anti-HIV Gene Transfer Construct to Treat HIV-1 Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01734850. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Randomized Study of Activity, Safety, and Tolerance of Oral Ro 24-7429 (Tat Antagonist) in Patients With HIV Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00000760. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Comparison of Lamivudine and Zidovudine, Used Alone and Together, in HIV-Infected Patients Who Have Not Used Zidovudine in the Past
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002320. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 2.
Phase I Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Microparticulate Atovaquone (m-Atovaquone; 566C80) in HIV-Infected and Perinatally Exposed Infants and Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00000773. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
Observational Study of Changes in Fat Distribution and Blood Metabolites in HIV Infected Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00331448. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 14.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.