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FIGURE 6 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 6. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, male and female from Mt. Duoxiongla. a. Forewing (male). b. Hindwing (male). c. Forewing (female). d. Hindwing (female).

FIGURE 4 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 4. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (male, cerci removed). a. Epiproct, dorsal view. b. Epiproct, lateral view. c. Epiproct, anterolateral view. d. Epiproct and dorsal tergum 10, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 2. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins (male). a. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. b. Abdomen, lateral view. c. Abdomen, dorsal view. d. Foreleg, lateral view. e. Midleg, lateral view. f. Hindleg, lateral view.

FIGURE 1. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins. a. Male adult habitus, dorsal view. b in Contributions to the winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae & Capniidae) of China

FIGURE 1. Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins. a. Male adult habitus, dorsal view. b. Female adult habitus, dorsal view.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

FIGURE 2. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Habit. B. Flowering branches. C. Fruiting branches. D. Winter buds. E. Branch. F. Spines. G in Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 2. Gleditsia saxatilis A. Habit. B. Flowering branches. C. Fruiting branches. D. Winter buds. E. Branch. F. Spines. G. Leaves in adaxial view. H. Leaves in abaxial view. I. Trunk (shows where the spines grow).

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards

Fleshy-fruit production is becoming more intensive worldwide, but how this affects frugivorous birds is poorly known. In the Mediterranean region, intensive and super-intensive olive orchards are fast expanding, potentially affecting millions of wintering songbirds. Here we test the idea that intensification may benefit frugivorous birds, at least locally, due to increased fruit availability, while negatively affecting the wider wintering bird community due to intensive management, structural simplification and landscape homogenisation. We estimated olive abundance and surveyed birds in early, mid- and late winter, at traditional, intensive, and super-intensive orchards in southern Portugal. We used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities to relate species richness, prevalence and abundance to management intensity, winter period, olive availability and landscape context, and evaluated the role of frugivory on observed responses. Olive availability was much higher throughout the winter in more intensive than in traditional orchards, both in trees and on the ground. Frugivorous bird abundance was higher in more intensive orchards, and the most abundant frugivorous species (blackcap, song thrush, robin) were positively affected by olive availability and/or increasing landscape cover by olive orchards, while intensification level had relatively minor effects after accounting for other variables. Non-frugivorous richness and abundance were higher in traditional orchards, and many non-frugivorous species were less prevalent in more intensive orchards or negatively affected by landscapes dominated by olive cultivation. Synthesis and applications. While negatively affecting the wider bird community, our results suggest that olive farming intensification can contribute to sustain large numbers of frugivorous birds in the Mediterranean region. As frugivorous birds are not seen as damaging by olive farmers, there is an opportunity to promote their conservation in intensive and super-intensive orchards, which requires management to increase habitat heterogeneity, and to reduce risks such as mortality associated with mechanical harvest and contamination with pesticide residues. Overall, we recommend that efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should consider the impacts and conservation opportunities of fruit crop intensification.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Data from: A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into low-arctic shrub tundra

Climate warming allows generalist boreal consumers to expand into arctic ecosystems. We present experimental and observational field data showing that a generalist boreal insect pest – the winter moth (Operophtera brumata Linnaeus, 1758) – is expanding its outbreak range out of the northern-boreal mountain birch forest in northeast Fennoscandia and into the adjacent low-artic shrub tundra. This is the first documented example of an outbreaking boreal insect pest expanding into a tundra ecosystem. The expansion has coincided with a long-term advancing trend in the expected hatching date of moth eggs in spring for the study region. We show that the winter moth can complete development on low-arctic willows and that the density of winter moth larvae in willow thickets is unrelated to the amount of mountain birch (the main host plant in northern-boreal forest) in the thickets. However, we also demonstrate that larval densities on willows show a regional-scale spatial decline when moving away from the birch forest and into the shrub tundra. Continued monitoring is needed to establish if the outbreaks will spread further into the tundra. The expansion of outbreaking boreal pests into the tundra could alter conventional expectations of increasing vegetation productivity and shrubification in tundra ecosystems.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Rainfall continentality, via the winter GAMS angle, provides a new dimension to biogeographical distributions in the Western United States

Aim: Drought stress, and its effects on the biogeography of vegetation, has focused primarily on water availability during the growing season, thus focusing primarly on summer. However, variation in rainfall continentality (i.e., the continental interior being insulated from oceanic influences) can produce striking vegetation differences. We aim to disentangle summer water balance from the influence of rainfall continentality on winter rainfall, to better understand how climate regulated the distributions of woody plants in the Western USA. Location: Western USA. Time period: Actual. Major taxa studied: Angiosperms and Conifers. Method: We used Redundancy Analysis (RDA) to investigate correlations between rainfall continentality, summer water balance, minimum winter temperature and length of growing season on the distributions of 130 tree and shrub species in 467 plots. Rainfall continentality was calculated using the Gams (1932) index, modified for winter precipitation, and summer water balance with the ratio of summer precipitation to temperature. We estimated Actual EvapoTranspiration (AET), Deficit (DEF), mean annual temperature and rainfall from global gridded datasets and correlated them with RDA axes. Results: Rainfall continentality measured with the Gams index and minimum temperatures best explained the contrast between oceanic vegetation in the Pacific Coast Ranges and continental vegetation in the Intermountain Region and Rocky Mountains. Growing Season Length (GSL) was the second strongest factor correlated with vegetation distributions. Summer water balance, despite being the most widely used climatic factor to assess drought stress in biogeography, was the third strongest factor correlating with vegetation classes of the western US. AET was equally correlated with RDA axes 1 and 3, and, thus, could not discriminate between the contrasts in the RDA. Main conclusions: Rainfall continentality measured with the winter Gams index provides a more precise metric than summer water balance for understanding how the biogeography of woody plants in the western USA is regulated by climate. Broadly integrating the Gams index of continentality into plant distributions may improve our understanding of biogeographical distributions, the evolution of subspecies in species that span coastal to interior regions, and predictions of responses to climate change.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Survival and mass data of King penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks throughout the winter

From 2002 to 2022, yearly King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chick mortality and mass data was collected in April, just before the winter fast. The same chicks were relocated after the winter to assess mortality. The data was collected on Kerguelen Island, located in the Southern Ocean.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Genetic loci associated with winter survivorship in diverse lowland switchgrass populations: SNP read count data

High winter mortality is the most important factor limiting biomass yield of lowland switchgrass planted in the northern latitudes of North America. Due to the perennial growth habit and strong dependence on weather conditions to generate sufficient selection pressure to identify winter-hardy individuals, breeding of cold tolerant switchgrass cultivars requires many years. Identification of causal genetic variants for winter survivorship would accelerate the improvement of switchgrass biomass production. The objective of this study was to identify allelic variation associated with winter survivorship in lowland switchgrass populations using bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Twenty-nine lowland switchgrass populations were evaluated for winter survival at two locations in southern Wisconsin and 21 population with differential winter survivorship was used for BSA. A maximum of 10% of the individuals per population (8-20) was bulked to create survivor and non-survivor DNA pools. The DNA pools were evaluated using exome capture sequencing and allele frequencies were used to conduct statistical tests. The BSA tests revealed nine QTL from tetraploid populations and seven QTL from octoploid populations. Some markers were identified in multiple populations that originated across a broad geographic landscape, while other markers were site-specific. QTL at positions 88 Mb on chromosome 2N, 115 Mb on chromosome 5K, and 1 and 100 Mb on chromosome 9N were potentially the most useful QTL. Markers associated with winter survivorship in this study can be used to accelerate breeding cycles of lowland switchgrass populations and should lead to improvements in adaptation within USDA hardiness zones 4 and 5.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Population dynamics of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at summer roosts: apparent survival, fidelity, abundance, and the influence of winter conditions

<ol> <li>White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused the death of millions of bats, but the impacts have been more difficult to identify in western North America. Understanding how WNS, or other threats, impact western bats may require monitoring other roosts, such as maternity roosts and night roosts, where bats aggregate in large numbers.</li> <li>Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are experiencing some of the greatest declines from WNS. Estimating survival and understanding population dynamics can provide valuable data for assessing population declines and informing conservation efforts.</li> <li>We conducted a 5-year mark-recapture study of two M. lucifugus roosts in Colorado. We used the robust design model to estimate apparent survival, fidelity, and abundance to understand population dynamics, and environmental covariates to understand how summer and winter weather conditions impact adult female survival. We compared the fidelity and capture probability of M. lucifugus between colonies to understand how bats use such roosts.</li> <li>Overwinter survival increased with the number of days with temperatures below freezing (β > 0.100, SE = 0.003), and decreased with the number of days with snow cover (β < -0.40, SE < 0.13). Adult female fidelity was higher at one maternity roost than the other. Overwinter and oversummer adult female survival were high (>0.90), and based on survival estimates and fungal-swabbing results we believe these populations have yet to experience WNS.</li> <li>Recapture of M. lucifugus using antennas that continuously read passive integrated transponder tags allows rigorous estimation of bat population parameters that can elucidate trends in abundance and changes in survival. Monitoring populations at summer roosts can provide unique population ecology data that monitoring hibernacula alone may not. Because few adult males are captured at maternity colonies, and juvenile males have low fidelity, additional effort should focus on understanding male M. lucifugus population dynamics.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF GROWING WINTER CROPS IN RUSSIA

The article discusses the technology of growing winter crops in Russia. When preparing the soil for winter crops, special attention is paid to the degree of soil cutting, since sowing winter crops in lumpy and unsettled soil leads to their mass death. In this regard, when selecting predecessors for winter crops, the timing of their harvesting and the duration of the free period before sowing winter crops are especially taken into account.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions

Model data from "Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions".

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Data in Brief: Twig selection on mountain birch Betula pubescens by winter-feeding willow grouse Lagopus lagopus in a subarctic forest

In a subarctic forest at Kvaløya, northern Norway willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) fed at snow level by clipping bits of twigs from mountain birch (Betula pubescens) during winter. Birch has two types of twigs ending in a terminal bud: long twigs with a smooth bark, and short twigs with rings of thicker bark. The grouse selected ringed twigs above smooth twigs despite a surplus of smooth twigs in the forest. Ringed twigs had more bark cm-1 of twig length and a higher relative bark/wood ratio than smooth twigs. Smooth twigs had growth nodes that increased in diameter inwards from the tip. Because of the non-linear relation between the area and the circumference of a circle, the bark/wood ratio decreased for each node. Although being able to clip much thicker twigs, 90 % of smooth twigs clipped by grouse were ≤ 2 mm in diameter. It is concluded that willow grouse fed optimally on birch in winter by selecting twigs to minimize fibrous wood intake.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Data accompanying the article "Arctic sea ice data assimilation combining an ensemble Kalman filter with a novel Lagrangian sea ice model for the winter 2019–2020"

The .zip file contains temporal-spatial averaged metrics for evaluating simulations against observed ice thickness, concentration, volume, and drift. These quantities are presented in the manuscript "Arctic sea ice data assimilation combining an ensemble Kalman filter with a novel Lagrangian sea ice model for the winter 2019–2020" Subfolders are named by the experiment IDs, including metrics obtained from the relevant experimental results and observations. In case information is missing, do not hesitate to contact chengsukun@hotmail.com We thank Pavel Sakov for helpful discussions and improvement regarding the EnKF-C code and Jiping Xie for contributing the TOPAZ interface to sea ice observations. We are grateful for the support from Timothy Williams and Anton Korosov regarding the environments of neXtSIM and its analysis tools. The work is funded by the DASIM-II grant from ONR (grant nos. N00014-18-1-2493 and N00014-18-1-2204). Alberto Carrassi, Christopher K. R. T. Jones, Ali Aydo ̆gdu, and Pierre Rampal acknowledge the support of the project SASIP funded by Schmidt Futures – a philanthropic initiative that seeks to improve societal outcomes through the development of emerging science and technologies. Sukun Cheng and Laurent Bertino were co-funded by the FOCUS project from the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 301450), and Alberto Carrassi and Yumeng Chen are also supported by the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (grant no. NCEO02004). Computations were carried out on the Norwegian Supercomputing InfrastructureSigma2 (grants nn2993k for computing and NS2993K for data storage)

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

FIG. 4. PCA plot depicting the winter-type categories developed for winter environmental data for a in Hoplodactylus tohu Scarsbrook & Walton & Rawlence & Hitchmough 2023, n. sp.

FIG. 4. PCA plot depicting the winter-type categories developed for winter environmental data for a Massasauga population located in southern Ontario, Canada. We analyzed local annual winter (November–April) environmental data: total precipitation, rainfall, snow, and the number of days mean temperature is below zero (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016).

opennotspecifiedJul 2013View details →

Aloe barbara-jeppeae TA McCoy & Lavranos, at the type locality showing the distinctive reddish color of the plants in winter. All photos by T.A. McCoy. in Aloe barbara-jeppeae TA McCoy & Lavranos; a long-overdue tribute

Aloe barbara-jeppeae TA McCoy & Lavranos, at the type locality showing the distinctive reddish color of the plants in winter. All photos by T.A. McCoy.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Snow storage for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games

The results and associated data

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Crop diversification and digestate application effect on the productivity and efficiency of irrigated winter crop systems

This dataset was done gathering and calculating data from an experiment integrated in the Circular Agronomics project. In October 2019 an experiment was setup in a randomized block design where 5 different irrigated winter crops were grown in 2 3-year rotations by 3 seasons. Several crop and and soil variables were measured to test for responses under different fertiliser treatments, including untreated and dried acidified digestates. There were also different crop precedents especifically for wheat, since this was the common crop between both rotations (cereal and diverse). With the gathered data we were able to calculate and test for differences in grain yield and N concentration, N uptake efficiency and water use efficiency of the different crops under different fertilisation and rotation (wheat) treatments. Also the soil was tested for differences in soil nitrates at 3 time points during the 3 seasons and soil total nitrogen at the end of the experiment. (Start: 2019-09-20 ; End: 2022-08-30)