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Continuous passive and active fluorescence measurements of chlorophyll-a (Chl), phycoerythrin (PE), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) from CCE process cruises in the California Current System, 2012 - 2019 (ongoing).
Active and passive fluorescence measurements are made using the ALFA5 system (Chekalyuk and Hafez, 2013) on water from the ship’s underway system during CCE process cruises. The instrument uses excitation at 405 and 510 nm to measures passively the fluorescence of chlorophyll-a (Chl), three different phycoerythrins (PE1, PE2 and PE3) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) is measured actively using pump-during-probe (PDP) measurements of Chl a fluorescence induction. Fluorescence measurements are normalized to the water’s Raman fluorescence.
Gut Fluorescence measurements of mesozooplankton grazing on autotrophic prey. Samples collected in the CCE-LTER region on Process Cruises from 2006 to the present. Summaries for each Lagrangian Cycle.
Mesozooplankton are collected with plankton nets (typically a 71-cm diameter, 202-um mesh Bongo net) and samples flash frozen at sea in liquid N2 for subsequent shore-based measurements of ingested phytoplankton chlorophyll-a. Measurements of mesozooplankton gut fluorescence are done by fluorometric analysis on a Turner Designs fluorometer of gut pigments extracted in 90% acetone. Analyses are done on mesozooplankton size-fractionated into 5 different categories on Nitex mesh (> 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 5.0 mm). The pigment content (as Chl-a and phaeopigments) is then expressed as mass of pigment ingested per m3 of water filtered, or divided by the dry weight biomass of the mesozooplankton in the same sample in order to obtain mass-specific ingestion per m3 of water. Application of published values of the temperature-dependent gut passage time are used to estimate the mesozooplankton grazing rate, as pigments ingested per m3 per unit time, or the corresponding mass-specific rate of ingestion. Samples for gut fluorescence assays have been collected on CCE-LTER Process Cruises since 2006 and these collections are ongoing.
Dry weight biomass measurements of net-collected mesozooplankton. Samples collected in the CCE-LTER region on Process Cruises from 2006 to the present. Summaries for each Lagrangian Cycle.
Mesozooplankton are collected with plankton nets (typically a 71-cm diameter, 202-um mesh Bongo net) and samples flash frozen at sea in liquid N2 for subsequent shore-based measurements of dry weight biomass. Measurements are made by weighing pre-tared Nitex mesh on an analytical balance, for mesozooplankton size-fractionated into 5 different categories (> 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 5.0 mm). Biomass is expressed as dry mass of zooplankton per m3 of water filtered, or when multiplied by the maximum depth of the tow, as integrated dry mass of zooplankton per m2 of sea surface. Samples for dry weight biomass have been collected on CCE-LTER Process Cruises since 2006 and these collections are ongoing.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column from CalCOFI-CCE Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - November 2022
Water column bottle samples at multiple depths are taken during CalCOFI cruises (since 2004, ongoing) at various CTD stations, filtered, and stored at -20°C. Measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) are performed onshore in the lab where samples are acidified, dried and analyzed by high-temperature combustion. The sample and tin capsule react with oxygen and combust at 1000°C, and the sample is broken down, thus converting organic carbon to CO2 and reducing nitrogen oxides to N2 gas. Both gases are measured by thermal conductivity. Samples analyzed within the CCE constrain the mean C:N ratio of small particulates and by difference relative to measured living biomass, the biomass of suspended detritus.
Exported particulate carbon and nitrogen measurements from 4-day sediment trap deployments in the CCE region, 2007 - 2019 (ongoing).
Sediment traps are used to measure particulate export flux of organic matter from the euphotic zone at various depths (up to 100), so to better understand what flows through the water column regarding food chains in the CCE. Tubes are filled with dense seawater to create a density gradient, and are attached to a wire connected to a drifting float for up to 4 days. Samples from the recovered array of the trap material (fecal matter and other sinking particles - zooplankton removed) are filtered onto precombusted filters for analyses of particulate carbon and nitrogen flux rates for each cycle in the CCE Process cruises (since 2007, ongoing)
Measurements from CalCOFI cruises in the California Current System, including log of station information, weather, sea conditions as well as physical, chemical and biological measurements including including temperature, salinity, oxygen, density, sigma theta, phosphate, silicate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, chlorophyll a, integrated chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and integrated primary production. 1949 - January 2020
Since 1949, hydrographic and biological data of the California Current System have been collected on quarterly CalCOFI cruises. The 59+ year hydrographic time-series includes weather, temperature, salinity, oxygen and phosphate observations. In 1961, nutrient analysis expanded to include silicate, nitrate and nitrite; in 1973, chlorophyll was added; in 1984, C14 primary productivity incubations were added. These data are being provided here in collaboration with CalCOFI-SIO in order to provide an additional queriable interface to the data. The data are updated on a regular basis from the CalCOFI hydrographic database.
Daily climate summary: Meterologic Measurements at Cedar Creek Natural History Area
Meteorological measurements include air temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction, soil temperature, and relative humidity. These measurements are taken on an hourly basis.
Dendrometer Band Measurements from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina.
Trees for this project were banded with aluminum bands and growth increment markers to accurately measure tree growth at multiple times during the year. Trees were located on each of the five terrestrial gradient plots. Tree species, initial diameter, and subsequent calculated diameters are included for each tree.
Hourly gap microclimate measurements from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1993 and 1994
LTER Gap Project Overview Fact: Tree mortality at small spatial scales represents background levels of forest disturbance in the southern Appalachians, and is the dominant and most frequent initiator of change in terrestrial ecosystems. Hypothesis: Large-scale and rare episodic events (i.e., hurricanes, ice, etc.) may do more to influence tree replacement and stand composition in the long-run than do small scale tree mortality events. Overall Question: What is the ecological significance of small scale mortality events with respect to biotic and abiotic responses. Approach: Experimentally create typical (<300 m2) canopy gaps (girdling and herbicides) at two elevations in Rhododendron and non-Rhododendron areas. Measurements: -automated micro-environmental measurements (air and soil temperature), photosynthetically active radiation, %WC. -hemispherical photography -dendrometer bands and repeated measurements -population dynamics and seedling physiology -in situ closed core N mineralization and nitrification -small and large mammal seed and plant herbivory using exclosures Specific Questions: 1) How are microclimate and nutrient (N) cycling affected by small scale canopy removal? 2) What are the physiological and productivity responses of advanced regeneration? 3) What is the productivity response of non-gap-maker trees (dominants, co-dominant, and saplings)? 4) What strategy for recovery is most likely (seedling recruitment, sapling ingrowth, canopy closure)? 5) How do all of the above relate to/regulate each other? 6) What is the effect of elevation on response? 7) How do responses differ in Rhododendron versus non-Rhododendron areas?
Gap dendrometer band measurements at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1992 to 2000 (Circumference measurements)
Tree mortality at small spatial scales represents background levels of forest disturbance in the southern Appalachians, and is the dominant and most frequent initiator of change in terrestrial ecosystems. Large-scale and rare episodic events (i.e., hurricanes, ice, etc.) may do more to influence tree replacement and stand composition in the long-run than do small scale tree mortality events. What is the ecological significance of small scale mortality events with respect to biotic and abiotic responses? We experimentally created typical (<300 m2) canopy gaps (girdling and herbicides) at two elevations in Rhododendron and non-Rhododendron areas. The measurements in this study included automated micro-environmental measurements (air and soil temperature), photosynthetically active radiation, %WC, hemispherical photography, dendrometer bands and repeated measurements, population dynamics and seedling physiology, in situ closed core N mineralization and nitrification, and small and large mammal seed and plant herbivory using exclosures. Here are some specific questions relating to this study. How are microclimate and nutrient (N) cycling affected by small scale canopy removal? What are the physiological and productivity responses of advanced regeneration? What is the productivity response of non-gap-maker trees (dominants, co-dominant, and saplings)? What strategy for recovery is most likely (seedling recruitment, sapling ingrowth, canopy closure)? How do all of the above relate to/regulate each other? What is the effect of elevation on response? How do responses differ in Rhododendron versus non-Rhododendron areas?
Continuously measured forest soil moisture at four sites in the Coweeta Basin
Volumetric soil water content was measured at four locations in the Coweeta Basin across a range of elevations. At each location, soil water content was measured from 0 to 30 cm and from 30 to 60 cm. In addition, air temperature was measured at 100 cm height and soil temperature was measured at 5 and 20 cm depth. At two locations photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) was measured below and above canopy. Measurements are recorded every 60 seconds and data output hourly.
Manual soil moisture measurements from ten artificial forest gaps at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2000-2018
Ten artificial forest gaps were created in March 2002 at Coweeta, following two years of pretreatment data collection. Experimental gaps were created by pulling canopy trees with a winch until they were down. Trees, saplings, and seedlings were censused and tracked as part of a demography study. Soil moisture data was collected during the growing season as an explanatory variable for tree survivorship and mortality.
Continuous microclimate measurements from Forest Site J, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2007-2016.
This research involves collecting continuous soil moisture measurements on plot J of the forest gap project. In addition, air temperature, and soil temperature at 5 and 20 cm depths are also measured.
Measurements of coarse woody debris at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC from 2003 to 2014
The five Terrestrial Gradient sites were established in the early 1990s as part of the 1990 Coweeta LTER Renewal. The original terrestrial gradient sites were 20 x 40-m. In the late 1990s the plots were expanded to 80 x 80-m and later (around 1998) they were slope-corrected by Clark's lab using survey equipment. In this study, coarse woody debris (CWD) was measured in each of the five terrestrial gradient plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab from 2003 through 2014. The length, diameters, and decay class of coarse wood were measured within each of the plots.
Measurements of Soil Bulk Density at the Coweeta Terrestrial Gradient Sites
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Forest floor weights, %C, and %N were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Measurements of Soil %C and %N at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC.
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Soil %C and %N were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Measurements of Soil Water Chemistry at the Coweeta Terrestrial Gradient Sites
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Five tension lysimeters were placed at each of two depths, 15 cm and bottom of Bt soil horizon, along two transects running parallel to the contour of each 40 × 20 m terrestrial gradient plot. Soil water was collected weekly and composited at the end of each month. Values are the mean value for each site/month.
Soil bulk density measurements from 9 Hillslope Project sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Soil bulk density samples were collected for the soil chemistry studies at the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. Sites were sampled 9/2013-11/2013. Samples were obtained from 4 plots in each site at 3 soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30+ cm).
Soil pH measurements from 9 Hillslope Project sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Acidity of soil was analyzed as part of the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. There were 12 10 x 10-m plots at each site. A soil probe was used to collect soils from 3 depths at each plot: 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30 + cm. Soil was then dried, processed, and analyzed for pH at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory.
Soil phosphorus measurements from 9 Hillslope Project sites in Macon County, North Carolina, within the upper Little Tennessee River Basin
The percent of Phosphorus in soil was analyzed as part of the hillslope plots in Macon County, North Carolina. There were 9 hillslope sites representing a gradient of development, including forested, valley agriculture, and mountain housing developments. There were 12 10 x 10-m plots at each site. A soil probe was used to collect soils from 3 depths at each plot: 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30 + cm. Soil was then dried, processed, and analyzed for P at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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