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1,968 results for “morphological taxonomy”
Figure 7 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 7. Distribution of Nierstraszella andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. (grey dots) and N. lineata (black circles) in the Solomon Islands, collected by the ''Salomon 1'' (partim) and ''Salomon 2'' expeditions. Grey dots with black outlines indicate co-occurrence of the two species. Pie charts for each collecting station indicate the fraction (in black) of N. andamanica specimens colonized with the epibiotic bryozoan Pseudobathyalozoon. Inset shows the map area relative to the island of New Guinea and surrounding islands.
Figure 6 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 6. Distribution of Nierstraszella andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. (grey dots) and N. lineata (black circles) in the Philippines, collected by the Panglao 2005 expedition. Grey dots with black outlines indicate co-occurrence of the two species. Pie charts for each collecting station indicate the fraction (in black) of N. andamanica specimens colonized with the epibiotic bryozoan Pseudobathyalozoon. Inset shows the map area relative to the island of New Guinea and surrounding islands.
Figure 3 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 3. Nierstraszella lineata. (A) Valves I, II and VIII (with periostracum intact), white lines indicate original shape of apophyses broken on specimen during preparation, scale bar is 1 mm, specimen RMNH MOL.K.4966 (Philippines, 13°039 S 122°379 E, 1030–1190 m); (B) close up of texture on valve I shown in (A); (C) close up of texture on valve II shown in (A); (D) dorsal girdle
Figure 1 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 1. Two species of Nierstraszella; N. andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. (top) and N. lineata (bottom). Note the raised texture created by periostracum pustules on N. lineata, and the abraded patches (white) where periostracum as rubbed away on N. andamanica. Scale bar applies to both images. Specimens are from the Solomon Islands, ''Salomon 2'' sta. CP2264 (N. andamanica) and sta. CP2226 (N. lineata).
Figure 2 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 2. Scanning electron micrograph of aesthete cluster morphology in Nierstraszella, where valve periostracum has been removed by bleach; N. andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. (top) and N. lineata (bottom). Specimens of N. lineata are from Solomon Islands, ''Salomon 2'' sta. CP2226 (top left) and from Japan (identified as Leptochiton diomedeae), RMNH MOL.HLS.2010 (top right). Specimens of N. andamanica are from Solomon Islands, ''Salomon 2'' sta. CP2264 (bottom left) and sta. CP2280 (bottom right).
Figure 5 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 5. Position of the epibiotic ctenostome bryozoans colonizing the pallial cavity of Nierstraszella andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. with photograph of pallial cavity (left) and drawing (right). Line drawing of ventral surface of a chiton indicates the area shown in detail. Line drawing from photograph of pallial cavity shows bryozoans (zooids in grey) with the presumed position of the stolon (dotted line); black outline trapezoids indicate gill tips.
Figure 4 in The deep-sea chiton Nierstraszella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) in the Indo-West Pacific: taxonomy, morphology and a bizarre ectosymbiont
Figure 4. Nierstraszella andamanica comb. nov., nom. rev. (A) Valves I, II, and VIII (with periostracum intact), white lines indicate original shape of apophyses broken on specimen during preparation, scale bar is 1 mm, specimen RMNH MOL.HLS.2010 (Japan, Suruga Bay); (B) close up of texture on valve I shown in (A); (C) close up of texture on valve II shown
Phylogenomics of piranhas and pacus (Serrasalmidae) uncovers how dietary convergence and parallelism obfuscate traditional morphological taxonomy
<p>The Amazon and neighboring South American river basins harbor the world's most diverse assemblages of freshwater fishes. One of the most prominent South American fish families is the Serrasalmidae (pacus and piranhas), found in nearly every continental basin. Serrasalmids are keystone ecological taxa, being some of the top riverine predators as well as the primary seed dispersers in the flooded forest. Despite their widespread occurrence and notable ecologies, serrasalmid evolutionary history and systematics are controversial. For example, the sister taxon to serrasalmids is contentious, the relationships of major clades within the family are inconsistent across different methodologies, and half of the extant serrasalmid genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic. We analyzed exon capture to reexamine the evolutionary relationships among 63 (of 99) species across all 16 serrasalmid genera and their nearest outgroups, including multiple individuals per species to account for cryptic lineages. To reconstruct the timeline of serrasalmid diversification, we time-calibrated this phylogeny using two different fossil-calibration schemes to account for uncertainty in taxonomy with respect to fossil teeth. Finally, we analyzed diet evolution across the family and comment on associated changes in dentition, highlighting the ecomorphological diversity within serrasalmids. We document widespread non-monophyly of genera within Myleinae, as well as between <em>Serrasalmus</em> and <em>Pristobrycon</em>, and propose that reliance on traits like teeth to distinguish among genera is confounded by ecological homoplasy, especially among herbivorous and omnivorous taxa. We clarify the relationships among all serrasalmid genera, propose new subfamily affiliations, and support hemiodontids as the sister taxon to Serrasalmidae.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Species of the genus Eurydema (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Far East Asia: An integrated approach using morphological, molecular, and data crossing analyses for taxonomy
FIGURE 3. Interspecific copulation (E. pulchra♀ X E. gebleri♂) and comparison between the eggs from an interspecific copulation and normal eggs. A, copulating scene; B, normal eggs from intraspecific copulation (dominulus–group); C, shrunken eggs a minute after being laid; D, the same shrunken eggs changed color an hour after being laid.
FIGURE 2 in Species of the genus Eurydema (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Far East Asia: An integrated approach using morphological, molecular, and data crossing analyses for taxonomy
FIGURE 2. The Neighbor–Joining tree based on the DNA barcode region using the Kimura 2–parameter method. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. Capital letters representing each group (dotted box) are explained in the text.
FIGURE 5 in Species of the genus Eurydema (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Far East Asia: An integrated approach using morphological, molecular, and data crossing analyses for taxonomy
FIGURE 5. Interspecific copulation and life cycle of the dominulus–group. A, copulating scene (upper species is E. dominulus (male) and the lower one is E. pulchra (female) as determined by the traditional key); B, eggs; C, 1st instars; D, 2nd instars; E, 3rd and 4th instars; F, final instars.
Figure 21. A–D in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 21. A–D, Tegenaria femoralis; E–I, Tegenaria tyrrhenica; J-M, Tegenaria ferruginea; N-R, Tegenaria parietina. Left male palp in ventral (A, E, L, N) and retrolateral views (B, F, M, O); epigyne in ventral (C, G, J, P) and vulva in dorsal (D, H, K, Q), lateral (R), and anterior views (I). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figure 11. A, B, G, H in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 11. A, B, G, H, Eratigena feminea; C–F, I–P, Eratigena bucculenta s.l. Left male palp in ventral (A, C, E) and retrolateral views (B, D, F); epigyne in ventral (G, I, K, N) and posterior views (O); vulva in ventral (J, L) and dorsal views (H, M, P). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (scale for I is missing).
Figure 23. A–D in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 23. A–D, Tegenaria tridentina; E-H, Tegenaria mirifica; I, J, Tegenaria levantina; K-W, Tegenaria pagana, including the type specimens of Tegenaria cerrutii (R, S), Tegenaria marinae (T, U), and Tegenaria baronii (V, W). Left male palp in ventral (A, E, K) and retrolateral views (B, F, L); epigyne in ventral (C, G, I, P, R, T, V) and vulva in dorsal view (D, H, J, Q, S, U, W); chelicerae in ventral view (O); face of female in frontal (N) and sternum in ventral view (M). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (T–W without scale).
Figure 8. A, B in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 8. A, B, Eratigena atrica; C-F, Eratigena agrestis; G-I, Eratigena fuesslini; J, K, P, Q, Eratigena feminea; L–O, R, S, Eratigena bucculenta s.l. Left male palp in ventral (A, C, G, J, L, N) and retrolateral views (B, D, H, I, K, M, O); epigyne in ventral view (E, P, R); vulva in dorsal view (F, Q, S).
Figure 10. A–G in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 10. A–G, Eratigena atrica; H–K, Eratigena fuesslini; L-O, Eratigena montigena. Female intraspecific morphological variation (A–F); the extremes correspond to the following taxa recognized by some authors: Eratigena atrica (A, D), Eratigena saeva (B, E), and Eratigena duellica (C, F). Epigyne in ventral view [A–C with 'pseudo teeth' (white arrows), J, M]; vulva, dorsal view (D–F, K, N); left male palp in ventral (H, L) and retrolateral views (I, O); male tibia in dorsal view (G) with short dorsal spike (white arrow). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figure 19. A–I in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 19. A–I, Tegenaria silvestris, variation in males and females (B, C, F–I); J, K, Tegenaria vankeerorum sp. nov.; L, M, Tegenaria pindosiensis sp. nov.; N, O, Tegenaria croatica sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (A, K) and retrolateral views (B, C, J), with detailed drawing of variation of the terminal end of conductor (TEC); epigyne in ventral (D, L) and vulva in dorsal (E, F, H, M, O), ventral (N), and lateral views (G, I). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; RC, receptaculum.
Figure 7 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 7. Combined DNA and morphological data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1, 28S, and morphological data) Bayesian tree. Posterior probabilities of clades are expressed in percentages and given above branches. Clade support (> 50) from the resampling method (jack-knife, 1000 replications) based on parsimony analysis with implied weighting (K = 10) is given below the branches. Bremer support (> 4) is given to the right of the corresponding node. Abbreviations: AT, Austria; CH, Switzerland; DE, Germany; ES, Spain; FR, France; GR, Greece; IT, Italy; PT, Portugal; SE, Sweden; US, United States.
Figure 25 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 25. Collection sites of Tegenaria regispyrrhi s.l. Triangles, Tegenaria regispyrrhi Brignoli, 1976; square, Tegenaria aff. regispyrrhi (1); circle, Tegenaria aff. regispyrrhi (2); stars, Tegenaria aff. regispyrrhi (3). Digital map provided by http://histgeo.ac-aix-marseille.fr.
Figure 9 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 9. Eratigena agrestis (A–H) and Eratigena atrica (I–O). Male intraspecific morphological variation (I–O); the extremes correspond to the following taxa recognized by some authors: Eratigena atrica (J, M), Eratigena saeva (K, N) and Eratigena duellica (L, O). Left male palp in ventral (A, J–L) and retrolateral views (B, M–O); epigyne in ventral view (D, white arrow pointing to an epigynal tooth) and vulva in dorsal view (E); variation of epigyne in ventral (G) and vulva in dorsal views (H); sternum in ventral view (C); spinnerets in ventral view (F, I). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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