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Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented. in Cebidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, from the Anjiamangirana region and forest fragments near Anjajavy and between Antsohihy and Analalava, N of the Sofia River and S of the Maevarano River; the range also includes the Bongolava Massif. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, from the Anjiamangirana region and forest fragments near Anjajavy and between Antsohihy and Analalava, N of the Sofia River and S of the Maevarano River; the range also includes the Bongolava Massif.

Distribution. CW Madagascar, known from the type locality, Andramasay, two larger forest fragments N and E of Andramasay, as well as Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park and the adjacent Strict Nature Reserve; it probably occurs throughout the entire area between the Tsiribihina River in the S and the Manambolo Riverin the N, although more research is needed to confirm the limits of its distribution. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. CW Madagascar, known from the type locality, Andramasay, two larger forest fragments N and E of Andramasay, as well as Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park and the adjacent Strict Nature Reserve; it probably occurs throughout the entire area between the Tsiribihina River in the S and the Manambolo Riverin the N, although more research is needed to confirm the limits of its distribution.

Distribution. EC Madagascar, known only from the type locality of Ambositra, north of Fianarantsoa; its continuing survival in the forest fragments of that region remains to be confirmed. Reports from the Bongolava Massif to the NW appear to be erroneous. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. EC Madagascar, known only from the type locality of Ambositra, north of Fianarantsoa; its continuing survival in the forest fragments of that region remains to be confirmed. Reports from the Bongolava Massif to the NW appear to be erroneous.

Distribution. CE Madagascar, known only from its type locality, the Sahafina Forest (29-230 m above sea level), a lowland rainforest fragment of 15-6 km2, and its surrounding "savoka" (fallow farmland with cultivated trees), about 58 km E of Andasibe-Mantadia National Park and 18 km W of the Indian Ocean. The geographic range is presumably limited to the lowland areas (below 700 m) between the Mangoro River to the S and the Rianila River to the N, an area of about 7600 km?2. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. CE Madagascar, known only from its type locality, the Sahafina Forest (29-230 m above sea level), a lowland rainforest fragment of 15-6 km2, and its surrounding "savoka" (fallow farmland with cultivated trees), about 58 km E of Andasibe-Mantadia National Park and 18 km W of the Indian Ocean. The geographic range is presumably limited to the lowland areas (below 700 m) between the Mangoro River to the S and the Rianila River to the N, an area of about 7600 km?2.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from ten forest fragments between the Sofia and Maevarano rivers. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from ten forest fragments between the Sofia and Maevarano rivers.

Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from three small forest fragments in the area around Port-Bergé, between the Mahajamba-Est and Sofia rivers. in Cheirogaleidae

Distribution. NW Madagascar, known only from three small forest fragments in the area around Port-Bergé, between the Mahajamba-Est and Sofia rivers.

Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is. in Lemuridae

Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Habitat fragmentation in coastal southern California disrupts genetic connectivity in the Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)

Achieving long-term persistence of species in urbanized landscapes requires characterizing population genetic structure to understand and manage the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on connectivity. Urbanization over the past century in coastal southern California has caused both precipitous loss of coastal sage scrub habitat and declines in populations of the cactus wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Using 22 microsatellite loci, we found that remnant cactus wren aggregations in coastal southern California comprised 20 populations based on strict exact tests for population differentiation, and 12 genetic clusters with hierarchical Bayesian clustering analyses. Genetic structure patterns largely mirrored underlying habitat availability, with cluster and population boundaries coinciding with fragmentation caused primarily by urbanization. Using a habitat model we developed, we detected stronger associations between habitat-based distances and genetic distances than Euclidean geographic distance. Within populations, we detected a positive association between available local habitat and allelic richness and a negative association with relatedness. Isolation-by-distance patterns varied over the study area, which we attribute to temporal differences in anthropogenic landscape development. We also found that genetic bottleneck signals were associated with wildfire frequency. These results indicate that habitat fragmentation and alterations have reduced genetic connectivity and diversity of cactus wren populations in coastal southern California. Management efforts focused on improving connectivity among remaining populations may help to ensure population persistence.

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in Riccia sarieae (Ricciaceae: Marchantiophyta)-a new species from a fragmented hillock of the Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 2. (A–C). Riccia sarieae A.E.D. Daniels & D.T.T. Daniels A. Plants in situ B. Spore distal face C. Spore proximal face (D.T.T. Daniels 17)

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Riccia sarieae (Ricciaceae: Marchantiophyta)-a new species from a fragmented hillock of the Western Ghats, India

FIGURE 1. (A–J). Riccia sarieae A.E.D. Daniels & D.T.T. Daniels A. Thalli B. Thallus with tuber C. Ventral view of thallus D–E. Cross section of thallus F. Assimilatory filaments with epidermal cells G. Assimilatory filaments after the collapse of epidermal cells H. Tuberculate rhizoids I. Spore distal face J. Spore proximal face (Drawn from D.T.T. Daniels 17)

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

Distribution. Disjunct range, W fragment encompasses the Western Alps (Switzerland, NW Italy, and SE France) and the Apennine Mts of Italy as far S as Sila Massif; in the Balkans, E portion covers topographically broken landscape in SE Bosnia and Herzegovina, adjacent Dalmatia (Croatia), Montenegro, Kosovo, W Macedonia, Albania, and W Greece. in Talpidae

Distribution. Disjunct range, W fragment encompasses the Western Alps (Switzerland, NW Italy, and SE France) and the Apennine Mts of Italy as far S as Sila Massif; in the Balkans, E portion covers topographically broken landscape in SE Bosnia and Herzegovina, adjacent Dalmatia (Croatia), Montenegro, Kosovo, W Macedonia, Albania, and W Greece.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. priam Blyth, 1844 — S & SE India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states), a highly fragmented distribution ranging from the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh S to Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. S. p. anchises Blyth 1844 — SC India (S Deccan Plateau), found in the districts of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, and in Pavagada in the district of Tumkur, Karnataka. S. p. thersites Blyth 1847 — Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, ranging from Jaffna in the N to the S coast in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. priam Blyth, 1844 — S & SE India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states), a highly fragmented distribution ranging from the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh S to Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. S. p. anchises Blyth 1844 — SC India (S Deccan Plateau), found in the districts of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, and in Pavagada in the district of Tumkur, Karnataka. S. p. thersites Blyth 1847 — Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, ranging from Jaffna in the N to the S coast

Distribution. SW China, in SE Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) and NW Yunnan Province (fragmented populations in the Yun Ling Mts), W of the Yangtze River and E of the Mekong River. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. SW China, in SE Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) and NW Yunnan Province (fragmented populations in the Yun Ling Mts), W of the Yangtze River and E of the Mekong River.

Distribution. EC & SE Laos, N & C Vietnam (but very fragmented), and a small area in NE Cambodia (Voensei, Ratanakkiri Province). Old records from Hainan I appear to be erroneous. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. EC & SE Laos, N & C Vietnam (but very fragmented), and a small area in NE Cambodia (Voensei, Ratanakkiri Province). Old records from Hainan I appear to be erroneous.

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).

Distribution. Restricted to four fragmented locations in the Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, SW India. in Muridae

Distribution. Restricted to four fragmented locations in the Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, SW India.

Distribution. Widespread but fragmented range across mainland N Australia, from the Pilbara E in Muridae

Distribution. Widespread but fragmented range across mainland N Australia, from the Pilbara E to SE Queensland, and many islands off N Australian mainland.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.f.fuscusThomas,1882—nowrestrictedtoN&WTasmania,butsubfossilevidence(owlpellets)indicatesaformerlymoreextensiverangeacrossTasmania. M. f. mordicus Thomas, 1922 — highly fragmented in mainland SE Australia, including the Otway and Dandenong ranges, coastal areas of Gippsland and SE New South Wales, and the Great Dividing Range around Barrington Tops and from near the Brindabella Range S to Warburton. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.f.fuscusThomas,1882—nowrestrictedtoN&WTasmania,butsubfossilevidence(owlpellets)indicatesaformerlymoreextensiverangeacrossTasmania. M. f. mordicus Thomas, 1922 — highly fragmented in mainland SE Australia, including the Otway and Dandenong ranges, coastal areas of Gippsland and SE New South Wales, and the Great Dividing Range around Barrington Tops and from near the Brindabella Range S to Warburton.

Distribution. Highly fragmented around coastal N & E in Muridae

Distribution. Highly fragmented around coastal N & E Australia from the Daly River in NW Northern Territory to SE Queensland, including Melville I, Fraser I, Bribie I, North Stradbroke I and South Stradbroke I; few records also in S New Guinea.