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FIGURE 5 in A new of species of the Agama lionotus Boulenger, 1896 complex (Squamata Agamidae) from northern Kenya
FIGURE 5. Agama wachirai sp. nov. A) Male without nuptial color Forolle Hill. Photo by Yvonne De Jong; B) Gravid female from Forolle Conservancy. Photo by Darcy Ogada. C & D) Agama lionotus male and gravid female, respectively from Garissa photo by Patrick K. Malonza.
FIGURE 4. Agama hulbertorum A in A new of species of the Agama lionotus Boulenger, 1896 complex (Squamata Agamidae) from northern Kenya
FIGURE 4. Agama hulbertorum A) Male from Olorgesaille. Photo by Brian Finch, B) Female from Leshuta-Ngong. Photo by Jacinta Muriithi; Agama wachirai sp. nov. C) Male and D) Female from Forolle Conservancy. Photo by Darcy Ogada.
FIGURE 1 in A new of species of the Agama lionotus Boulenger, 1896 complex (Squamata Agamidae) from northern Kenya
FIGURE 1. Map of Kenya showing the type locality of the new species and the two other localities where it was photographed (South Horr and Forole Hill. Map created by Felista Kasyoka Kilunda.
Data from: The importance (or lack thereof) of niche divergence to the maintenance of a northern species complex: the case of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird)
The relative importance of ecological versus non-ecological factors for the origin and maintenance of species is an open question in evolutionary biology. Young lineages—such as the distinct genetic groups that make up the ranges of many northern species—represent an opportunity to study the importance of ecological divergence during the early stages of diversification. Yet, few studies have examined the extent of niche divergence between lineages in previously glaciated regions and the role of ecology in maintaining the contact zones between them. In this study, we used tests of niche overlap in combination with ecological niche models to explore the extent of niche divergence between lineages of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird) species complex and to determine whether contact zones correspond to (divergent) niche limits. We found limited evidence for niche divergence between the different long-toed salamander lineages, substantial overlap in the predicted distribution of suitable climatic space for all lineages and range limits that are independent of niche limits. These results raise questions as to the importance of ecological divergence to the development of this widespread species complex and highlight the potential for non-ecological factors to play a more important role in the maintenance of northern taxa.
Data from: Accuracy of identifications of mammal species from camera trap images: a northern Australian case study
Camera traps are a powerful and increasingly popular tool for mammal research, but like all survey methods, they have limitations. Identifying animal species from images is a critical component of camera trap studies, yet while researchers recognize constraints with experimental design or camera technology, image misidentification is still not well understood. We evaluated the effects of a species' attributes (body mass and distinctiveness) and individual observer variables (experience and confidence) on the accuracy of mammal identifications from camera trap images. We conducted an Internet‐based survey containing 20 questions about observer experience and 60 camera trap images to identify. Images were sourced from surveys in northern Australia and included 25 species, ranging in body mass from the delicate mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus, 10 g) to the agile wallaby (Macropus agilis, >10 kg). There was a weak relationship between the accuracy of mammal identifications and observer experience. However, accuracy was highest (100%) for distinctive species (e.g. Short‐beaked echidna [Tachyglossus aculeatus]) and lowest (36%) for superficially non‐distinctive mammals (e.g. rodents like the Pale field‐rat [Rattus tunneyi]). There was a positive relationship between the accuracy of identifications and body mass. Participant confidence was highest for large and distinctive mammals, but was not related to participant experience level. Identifications made with greater confidence were more likely to be accurate. Unreliability in identifications of mammal species is a significant limitation to camera trap studies, particularly where small mammals are the focus, or where similar‐looking species co‐occur. Integration of camera traps with conventional survey techniques (e.g. live‐trapping), use of a reference library or computer‐automated programs are likely to aid positive identifications, while employing a confidence rating system and/or multiple observers may lead to a collection of more robust data. Although our study focussed on Australian species, our findings apply to camera trap studies globally.
Data from: Effects of host species and environmental factors on the prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in northern Europe
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) poses a major threat to amphibian populations. To assist efforts to address such threats, we examined differences in Bd host infection prevalence among amphibian species and its relations to both local environmental factors in breeding habitats and landscape variables measured at three scales (500, 2000 and 5000 m radii) around breeding sites in southernmost Sweden. We sampled 947 anurans of six species in 31 ponds and assessed their infection status. We then examined correlations of infection prevalence with canopy cover, pond perimeter and pH (treated as local-scale pond characteristics), and the number of ponds, area of arable land, area of mature forest, number of resident people and presence of sea within the three radii (treated as landscape variables). The Bd infection prevalence was very low, 0.5-1.0%, in two of the six anuran species (Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria), and substantially higher (13-64%) in the other four (Bombina bombina, Bufotes variabilis, Epidalea calamita, Rana arvalis). In the latter four species Bd infection prevalence was positively associated with ponds' pH (site range: 5.3-8.1), and negatively associated with areas of mature forest and/or wetlands in the surroundings. Our results show that the infection dynamics of Bd are complex and associated with host species, local pond characteristics and several landscape variables at larger spatial scales. Knowledge of environmental factors associated with Bd infections and differences in species' susceptibility may help to counter further spread of the disease and guide conservation action plans, especially for the most threatened species.
Data from: Pennellia yalaensis (Brassicaceae: Halimolobeae), a new species from the Andes of Northern Argentina
Pennellia yalaensis, a new species of Brassicaceae from Jujuy Province in Argentina, is described and illustrated, and its phylogenetic relationships with nearest relatives are discussed. This novelty is morphologically related to P. boliviensis and P. brachycarpa, which also grow in Central Andes of Argentina. However, P. yalaensis clearly differs from both species by the plant height, inflorescence type, and petal length. In addition, trichomes of the basal leaves distinguish the new species from P. boliviensis, and fruit length and number of ovules/seed from P. brachycarpa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F regions, confirmed these affinities.
FIGURE 1 in Anteaglonium saxicola (Anteagloniaceae, Pleosporales), a new species isolated from rocks in northern Thailand
FIGURE 1. Phylogram derived from maximum likelihood analysis of a combined nrLSU, nrSSU, ITS, and tef1-α genes of 26 sequences. Bootstrap values ≥ 75% ML (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 (right) are shown above nodes. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequence data obtained from this study are in red. Ex-type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 2 in Anteaglonium saxicola (Anteagloniaceae, Pleosporales), a new species isolated from rocks in northern Thailand
FIGURE 2. Anteaglonium saxicola (SDBR-CMU481, ex-type). Colonies incubated at 25°C for four weeks. a. PDA. b. MEA. c. CMD (left, surface view and right, reverse view). d, e. Conidiomata forming on PDA after incubation at 25°C for two months. f. Vertical section of conidiomata. g. Conidiomata wall. h. Conidiogenous cells. i. Conidia. Scale bars: a–c = 10 mm, d = 500 µm, e, f = 100 µm, g–i = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Pseudopaludicola (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from northern Brazil
FIGURE 3.—Sonogram of the advertisement call of Pseudopaludicola canga sp. n. Air temperature 25°C. Record AJC 060A/01.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America
FIGURE 2. Amazopimpla errabunda Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. Mesosoma, anterior part of metasoma and hind leg, showing colour pattern (Holotype female).
FIGURE 6 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America
FIGURE 6. Amazopimpla errabunda Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Holotype female).
FIGURE 9 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America
FIGURE 9. Amazopimpla lutea Palacio, Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Paratype female).
FIGURE 8 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America
FIGURE 8. Amazopimpla guayanaensis Sääksjärvi, Gauld & Jussila, sp.n. The tip of the ovipositor (Holotype female).
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and six new species of the tropical Camptotypus genusgroup (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from northern South America
FIGURE 3. Amazopimpla farallonensis Palacio, sp.n. Mesosoma, anterior part of metasoma and hind leg, showing colour pattern (Holotype female).
FIGURE 4 in Kootenaia burkei, a new genus and species of slug from northern Idaho, United States (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae)
FIGURE 4: A. Maximum parsimony tree for representatives of the genera Hemphillia, Kootenaia, Prophysaon, and Zacoleus based on 15 anatomical characters. Bootstrap values (10,000 replicates) are given at the nodes. The scale bar indicated the number of changes. B. Bayesian phylogram for the same species based on combined fragments of mitochondrial COI DNA and LSU rRNA showing the 50% majorityrule consensus of topologies sampled during the Bayesian search. The scale bar indicates the substitution rate according to the model of sequence evolution applied. The numbers at the branches are the percentages that the clade occurs among all sampled trees; i.e. the posterior probability of that clade.
FIGURE 2 in Kootenaia burkei, a new genus and species of slug from northern Idaho, United States (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Arionidae)
FIGURE 2. Dissected holotype of Kootenaia burkei from Shoshone County, Idaho, showing the reproductive and digestive systems. Dorsal view of reproductive system on the left and ventral view of digestive system on the right. Total body length in alcohol = 10 mm.
FIGURE 32 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 32. Molpadia lenticulum (Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981). A: Dorsal view of specimen IE-2007-778(1). B: SEM photos of ossicles from the tail. Scale bars: A = 1cm; B = 100µm.
FIGURE 29. Ophnurgus natalasper Thandar, 1992. A–B in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 29. Ophnurgus natalasper Thandar, 1992. A–B: Dorsal view (A) and ventral view (B) of specimen IE-2007-801. C– E: SEM photos of ossicles from the anterior part of dorsal body wall (C) anterior (D) and posterior (E) part of ventral body wall. Scale bars: A,B = 1cm; C,D,E = 100µm.
FIGURE 33 in Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
FIGURE 33. Molpadia thandari sp. nov. A: Dorsal view of the paratype; B–C: SEM photos of ossicles from dorsal body wall (B) and tail (C). Scale bars: A = 1cm; B,C = 50µm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.