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Figure 9 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 9 Adult male Fejervarya moodiei (ZMKU AM 01390) from Mueang Phang-nga District, Phang-nga Province, Thailand (SVL = 60.6 mm) immediately prior to preservation in A right lateral B dorsal C ventral D right palmar, and E right plantar views. Photographs by Attapol Rujirawan.
Figure 8 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 8 Adult female holotype of Fejervarya moodiei (CM 3724) in preservative in A dorsal and B ventral views. Photograph B by Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
Figure 3 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 3 Principal component analysis of morphological measurements from males (A) and females (B) of Fejervarya cancrivora, F. moodiei, and F. raja.
Figure 2 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 2 Bayesian consensus phylogram of the mitochondrial16S rRNA gene of Fejervarya cancrivora and the closely related species, F. moodiei and F. raja. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probability support values. Clade and subclade names are presented next to branches and group names are presented to the right of terminal taxa.
Figure 5 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 5 Plantar and metatarsal views of A adult male neotype of Fejervarya cancrivora (FMNH 256688) B adult male F. cancrivora (ZMKU AM 01426) from Khuan Khanun District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand C adult female holotype of F. moodiei holotype (CM 3724), and D adult male F. moodiei (ZMKU AM 10390) from Mueang Phang-nga District, Phang-nga Province, Thailand. The inner metatarsal ridge on the tarsus of F. cancrivora is indicated with an arrow.
Figure 6 from: Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A (2019) Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544
Figure 6 Adult male Fejervarya cancrivora (ZMKU AM 01426) from Khuan Khanun District, Phatthalung Province, Thailand (SVL = 66. 9 mm) immediately prior to preservation in A right lateral B dorsal C ventral D right palmar, and E right plantar views. Photographs by Attapol Rujirawan.
Fig. 9 in Species delimitation in Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Southwestern Mexico, in light of reproductive and climatic diversification
Fig. 9 Split graph for Ceratozamia species based on the concatenated matrix
Figure. Map of Georgia with main administrative divisions delimited. Shade intensity indicates the richness of mayfly species for respective administrative unit. Dots indicate localities sampled for mayflies prior to this study. in The first annotated checklist of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) of Georgia with new distribution data and a new record for the country
Figure. Map of Georgia with main administrative divisions delimited. Shade intensity indicates the richness of mayfly species for respective administrative unit. Dots indicate localities sampled for mayflies prior to this study.
Figure 1 in Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world
Figure 1. Body color pattern and the internal structure in the informal group of MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne formicaria, female and male; C – D Myrmarachne smaragdina, female and male; E – F Myrmaplata plataleoides, female and male. The internal structure of epigyne in: G – Myrmage gedongensis, H – Myrmatheca alticephalon, I – Toxeus maxillosus, K – Myrmavola yamasaki. The sources of photos: A – B – ©Photo J. Lissner; C –
Figure 3. A-D in Molecular diversity and species delimitation in the genus Mideopsis Neuman, 1880 in Europe (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Mideopsidae)
Figure 3. A-D Photographs of dorsal shield: A – M. roztoczensis, ♂, CCDB38233 C11, River Zeta, Montenegro. B – M. orbicularis Clade 1, ♂, River Bukowa, Poland. C – M. orbicularis Clade 2, ♀, RMNH.ACA.373, Netherlands. D – M. orbicularis, ♂, Tjeukemeer, Netherlands. E-H Genital field: E – M. roztoczensis, ♂, CCDB38233 C11, Montenegro. F-G – M. orbicularis Clade 1, ♂: F – River Bukowa, Poland; G – RMNH.ACA.374, Netherlands. H-I – M. orbicularis Clade 2, ♀, RMNH.ACA.373, Netherlands. K-O Ejaculatory complex. K – M. roztoczensis, ♂, Roztocze, Poland (from Biesiadka & Kowalik 1979: fig. 10), inset: photograph of anterior ramus, CCDB38233 C11, Montenegro). L – M. orbicularis Clade 1, Roztocze, Poland (from Biesiadka & Kowalik 1979: fig. 12). M – M. orbicularis Clade 1, ♂, River Bukowa, Poland (inset: photograph of anterior ramus). N – M. milankovici, paratype ♂, Montenegro (from Pešić & Smit 2020). O – M. orbicularis, ♂, Tjeukemeer, Netherlands. Scale bars = 100 µm (for K-L = 50 µm).
Figure 2 in Molecular diversity and species delimitation in the genus Mideopsis Neuman, 1880 in Europe (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Mideopsidae)
Figure 2. Minimum Spanning Network showing phylogenetic relationships within three Mideopsis clades: M. roztoczensis, M. orbicularis Clade 1, and M. orbicularis Clade 2. Each bar represents a single mutational change, and a dashed line encircled by separate BINs. The diameter of the circles is proportional to the number of individuals in each haplotype sampled (see open circles with numbers).
Fig. 4 The 18S rRNA V4 a and V9 regions b in Species delimitation polyphasic approach reveals Meyerella similis sp. nov.: a new species of "small green balls" within the Chlorella-clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Fig. 4 The 18S rRNA V4 a and V9 regions b of Meyerella members. Black boxes – molecular signatures
FIGURE 2 in Three new species of Cypella (Iridaceae) from South America, and taxonomic delimitation of C. suffusa Ravenna
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Cypella aurinegra.
FIGURE 2 in Species delimitation in the genus Tamarix: Morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 2. CVA plot of morphological characters for 6 studied Tamarix species.
Table 1. Morphological diagnostic characters delimiting H in Morphological and environmental variation within Hibiscus krichauffianus (Malvaceae), and the recognition of two new species, H. verecundus and H. calcareus
<p>Table 1. Morphological diagnostic characters delimiting <i>H. krichauffianus</i> sens. strict., and the three new entities.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Character</th><th>Morphotype A – <i>Hibiscus krichauffianus</i></th><th>Morphotype B – <i>Hibiscus verecundus</i></th><th>Morphotype C – <i>Hibiscus calcareus</i></th><th>Morphotype D – <i>Hibiscus</i> sp. Belele (D.W.Goodall 3417)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Substrate preference</th><td>Deep sand</td><td>Typically shallow soils over sandstone, laterite or basalt</td><td>Lime-rich soils</td><td>Insufficient data</td></tr><tr><th>Plant habit</th><td>Subshrub or shrub to ~1 m high, usually erect or ascending</td><td>Low spreading subshrub or shrub to ~0.5 m high, usually decumbent</td><td>Low subshrub to ~0.5 m high, spreading, dome-shaped or rounded</td><td>Low or dwarf subshrub or shrub to ~0.3 m high</td></tr><tr><th>Branchlet indumentum colour</th><td>Silvery-white, white, sometimes fading to yellowish-white</td><td>Yellowish-brown, sometimes fading to white</td><td>White, or silvery-white</td><td>White on younger branchlets, older branchlets becoming ferruginous (ferruginous rays and white rays sometimes on the same hair)</td></tr><tr><th>Stipule width (mm)</th><td>0.16–0.4</td><td>0.1–0.17</td><td>0.2–0.5</td><td>0.2–0.35</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina colour (adaxial)</th><td>Whitish-silver to grey, becoming greyish-green with age</td><td>Green to dark green</td><td>Grey to silvery-white</td><td>Silvery–ferruginous</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina shape</th><td>Mostly ovate to lanceolate or oblong, occasionally broadly ovate</td><td>Ovate to broadly ovate, rarely elliptic–ovate</td><td>Ovate, elliptic–ovate or oblong–ovate</td><td>Ovate to elliptic–ovate</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina in transverse</th><td>Flat to weakly concave or weakly folded</td><td>Flat to weakly concave or weakly folded</td><td>Mostly strongly concave to vshaped (and appearing folded on many herbarium specimens)</td><td>Flat to weakly folded</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina length and width (mm)</th><td>10–55 × 5–35</td><td>9–52 × 8–33</td><td>6–28 × 4–16</td><td>17–43 × 6–22</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina base</th><td>Obtuse, truncate or very broadly cuneate</td><td>Broadly cuneate, obtuse or truncate</td><td>Broadly cuneate or truncate</td><td>Truncate, very slightly cordate or broadly obtuse</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina margin</th><td>Crenate to dentate</td><td>Serrate to dentate, rarely crenate</td><td>Serrate to dentate or crenate, undulate, sinus between teeth up to halfway to midvein</td><td>Dentate to crenate</td></tr><tr><th>Abcision line (at peduncle–pedicel junction), whether visible and position</th><td>Not obvious, obscured by hairs, usually 1–2 mm from the base, rarely up to one-half length from the base</td><td>Sometimes obvious, one-third to one-half length from the base</td><td>±Obvious, sometimes obscured by hairs, usually in upper half, 2–17 (–24) mm from the base</td><td>±Obvious, sometimes obscured by hairs, approximately one-third length from the base</td></tr><tr><th>Number of epicalyx lobes</th><td>5–8 (rarely 10, rarely bifurcating)</td><td>5–7</td><td>7–8</td><td>5–6</td></tr><tr><th>Epicalyx length (Including fused portion, excluding receptacle) (mm)</th><td>7–16</td><td>6–10</td><td>4–14</td><td>6–12</td></tr><tr><th>Fusion of epicalyx lobes at base</th><td>Fused for 1–4 mm</td><td>Free or fused to 0.5 mm</td><td>Fused for 1–3.5 mm</td><td>Free or fused for up to 1 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Epicalyx lobes degree of curvature</th><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved or rarely incurved in fruit</td><td>Straight</td><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved in fruit</td><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved in fruit</td></tr><tr><th>Corolla colour</th><td>Pale pink or mauve (rarely white)</td><td>Pale pink or white (sometimes drying pale yellow)</td><td>Pale pink to mauve, sometimes almost white</td><td>Purple</td></tr><tr><th>Petal length (mm)</th><td>17–35</td><td>15–28</td><td>20–44</td><td>39–42</td></tr><tr><th>Seed indumentum</th><td>Patchy indumentum of wispy spreading, white to off-white hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white to yellowish-brown hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white to yellowish hairs</td></tr><tr><th>Seed length (mm, greatest dimension)</th><td>2–3</td><td>1.7–2.3</td><td>2.5–3</td><td>~3</td></tr><tr><th>Seed characteristic features or notes</th><td>Reniform (rarely subangular–reniform), funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, one centrally placed and one on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td></tr><tr><th>Flower cleistogamy</th><td>Observed in some specimens</td><td>No evidence</td><td>Observed in a single specimen</td><td>Not observed in material examined</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE. 1 in Species Delimitation In Rhabdosciadium (Apiaceae): Morphological and Molecular
FIGURE. 1. Distribution map of the populations studied.
Table 4. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for Liphistius using S in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for <i>Liphistius</i> using S-DIVALIKE+J. The letters A–I correspond to geographical locations shown in Figure 4. The notation shows the biogeographic event in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4A) includes →: from the parent node to descendent nodes; ^: Sympatric speciation; |: Vicariance.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Diversification events</b></th><th><b>Dates</b></th><th><b>DIVALIKE+J</b></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><th></th><th><b>(Mya)</b></th><th><b>Ancestral areas</b></th><th><b>Process</b></th><th><b>Route and probability</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Liphistiidae</th><td>100</td><td>BCI 13.60</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BCI→I|BC</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 1)</th><td></td><td>CEI 13.33</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.02</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BEI 10.96</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Heptathelinae</th><td>58.43</td><td>I 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>I→I^I→I| I</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>Liphistius</i></th><td>53.61</td><td>BC 14.34</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BC→C|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 2)</th><td></td><td>CE 14.05</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.03</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>C 12.37</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>L. indra</i> + <i>L.</i></th><td>45.51</td><td>C 45.23</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>C→CE→C|E</td></tr><tr><th><i>lahu</i> (Fig. 4, number 3)</th><td></td><td>E 38.20</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.45</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>CE 16.50</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>49.61</td><td>B 39.38</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→DB→D|B</td></tr><tr><th>group + <i>bristowei</i> species group (Fig. 3, number 4)</th><td></td><td>D 30.43</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.30</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BD 14.72</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>bristowei</i> spe-</th><td>32.86</td><td>D 75.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>D→D^D→D|D</td></tr><tr><th>cies group (Fig. 4, number 5)</th><td></td><td>C 21.28</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.55</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>A 2.02</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>46.54</td><td>B 99.88</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B| B</td></tr><tr><th>group (Fig. 4, number 6)</th><td></td><td>A 0.08</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 0.01</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sibumasu I</th><td>41.39</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 7)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sinbumasu II–</th><td>42.48</td><td>B 99.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>IV and Indochina clades (Fig. 4, number 8)</th><td></td><td>A 0.18</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.96</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.03</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu II</th><td>30.56</td><td>B 99.91</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 9)</th><td></td><td>A 0.09</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.97</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>38.89</td><td>B 96.03</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→AB→A|B</td></tr><tr><th>III–IV and Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 10)</th><td></td><td>A 2.65</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.67</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu III</th><td>31.69</td><td>A 51.95</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>A→A^A→A| A</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 11)</th><td></td><td>B 48.05</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.26</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>34.81</td><td>B 96.15</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→BG→B| G</td></tr><tr><th>IV + Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 12)</th><td></td><td>G 1.94</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 1.90</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu IV</th><td>17.02</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 13)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Indochina</th><td>31.15</td><td>G 50.43</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>G→GH→G|H</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 14)</th><td></td><td>H 49.38</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.50</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>D 0.20</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 3.</b> Results of Bayes factor delimitation (BFD). Marginal likelihoods of six competing species hypotheses, computed from the concatenated alignments. The log marginal likelihoods are ranked from lowest (6) to highest (1); the Bayes factor (BF) is calculated using 2lnBF = 2 × (marginal likelihood of the highest rank species model − marginal likelihood of each lower rank species model), with 2lnBF> 10 being considered as decisive support for the highest rank species model 1.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Number of species</b></th><th><b>Marginal likelihood</b></th><th><b>Rank</b></th><th><b>(lnBF)</b></th><th><b>2lnBF</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>mGMYC</th><td>72</td><td>−31519.92277</td><td>6</td><td>52.067437</td><td>104.13487</td></tr><tr><th>bPTP</th><td>65</td><td>−31518.39951</td><td>5</td><td>50.544171</td><td>101.08834</td></tr><tr><th>mPTP</th><td>52</td><td>−31497.18524</td><td>4</td><td>29.329904</td><td>58.659809</td></tr><tr><th>sPTP</th><td>65</td><td>−31483.86739</td><td>3</td><td>16.012054</td><td>32.024108</td></tr><tr><th>sGMYC</th><td>53</td><td>−31480.86681</td><td>2</td><td>13.011473</td><td>26.022947</td></tr><tr><th>STACEY</th><td>56</td><td>−31467.85533</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Collecting localities with GPS coordinates, species and species group identification, and geological classification.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>No.</b></th><th><b>Localities</b></th><th><b>Latitude</b></th><th><b>Longitude</b></th><th><b>Altitude (m)</b></th><th><b>Sample identify</b></th><th><b>Geological terrains</b></th><th><b>Areas</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>birmanicus group:</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>Mae Sun, Fang District, Chiang Mai</td><td>19.86°N</td><td>99.05°E</td><td>1646</td><td><i>Liphistius lahu</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>bristowei</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Kuet Chang, Mae Taeng District, Chiang 19.32°N Mai</td><td>98.60°E</td><td>1545</td><td><i>Liphistius lannaianus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Suthep, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai</td><td>18.80°N</td><td>98.90°E</td><td>1110</td><td><i>Liphistius bristowei s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Tha Pha, Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai</td><td>18.51°N</td><td>98.48°E</td><td>1428</td><td><i>Liphistius bristowei s.l., Liphistius yamasakii</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Mae Koeng, Wang Chin District, Phrae</td><td>17.97°N</td><td>99.59°E</td><td>389</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. WKS</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Mae Tho, Mueang Tak District, Tak-A</td><td>16.79°N</td><td>98.92°E</td><td>881</td><td><i>Liphistius jarujini</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Mae Tho, Mueang Tak District, Tak-B</td><td>16.72°N</td><td>98.97°E</td><td>967</td><td><i>Liphistius marginatus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Wang Nam Yen, Wang Chao District, Tak 16.64°N</td><td>99.02°E</td><td>868</td><td><i>Liphistius marginatus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Pang Ta Wai, Pang Sila Thong District, Kamphaeng Phet</td><td>16.09°N</td><td>99.12°E</td><td>1250</td><td><i>Liphistius maewongensis</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Rabam, Lan Sak District, Uthai Thani</td><td>15.61°N</td><td>99.32°E</td><td>214</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. HKK</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Nong Lu, Sangkhlaburi District, Kanchanaburi-A</td><td>15.22°N</td><td>98.37°E</td><td>197</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. Sangkraburi</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>Nong Lu, Sangkhlaburi District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>15.16°N</td><td>98.34°E</td><td>183</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. Sangkraburi</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>Pilok, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi</td><td>14.69°N</td><td>98.40°E</td><td>938</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TPP</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>Pa Kar Ri, Dawei, Myanmar</td><td>14.10°N</td><td>98.30°E</td><td>39</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. DW</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>trang</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>15</th><td>Noen Phoem, Nakhon Thai District, Phitsanulok</td><td>17.00°N</td><td>101.01°E</td><td>1238</td><td><i>Liphistius onoi</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>16</th><td>Sap Sawang, Nam Nao District, Phetchabun</td><td>16.74°N</td><td>101.58°E</td><td>859</td><td><i>Liphistius pusohm</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>17</th><td>Tat Ton, Mueang Chaiyaphum, Chaiyaphum</td><td>15.98°N</td><td>102.04°E</td><td>285</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TT</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>18</th><td>Huai Yang, Mueang Sakon Nakhon District, Sakon Nakhon</td><td>17.10°N</td><td>103.97°E</td><td>308</td><td><i>Liphistius isan</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>19</th><td>Nong Pla Lai, Mueang Saraburi District, Saraburi</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>100.96°E</td><td>98</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. SL</td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>20</th><td>Wang Phae, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi</td><td>14.53°N</td><td>101.04°E</td><td>74</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. CPP</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>21</th><td>Mittraphap, Muak Lek District, Saraburi</td><td>14.58°N</td><td>101.15°E</td><td>280</td><td><i>Liphistius tham</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>22</th><td>Chet Khot, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi 14.47°N</td><td>101.17°E</td><td>201</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. CK</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>23</th><td>Sarika, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.34°N</td><td>101.30°E</td><td>157</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. WTK</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>24</th><td>Mu Si, Mueang Nakhon Nayok District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>101.37°E</td><td>754</td><td><i>Liphistius thoranie</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>25</th><td>Na Hin Lat, Pak Phli District, Nakhon Nayok</td><td>14.37°N</td><td>101.41°E</td><td>1171</td><td><i>Liphistius thoranie</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>26</th><td>Udom Sap, Wang Nam Khiao District, Nakhon Ratchasima</td><td>14.51°N</td><td>101.93°E</td><td>372</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. SKR</td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>27</th><td>Na Chaluai, Na Chaluai District, Ubon Ratchathani</td><td>14.44°N</td><td>105.27°E</td><td>354</td><td><i>Liphistius dangrek</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>H</td></tr><tr><th>28</th><td>Bang Phra, Si Racha District, Chon Buri</td><td>13.24°N</td><td>101.05°E</td><td>326</td><td><i>Liphistius sayam</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>29</th><td>Pluang, Khao Khitchakut District, Chanthaburi</td><td>12.84°N</td><td>102.12°E</td><td>79</td><td><i>Liphistius ornatus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>30</th><td>Phe, Mueang Rayong District, Rayong</td><td>12.57°N</td><td>101.45°E</td><td>69</td><td><i>Liphistius phileion</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th>31</th><td>Phliu, Laem Sing District, Chanthaburi</td><td>12.53°N</td><td>102.18°E</td><td>116</td><td><i>Liphistius tenuis</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>32</th><td>Ko Chang, Ko Chang District, Trat</td><td>12.11°N</td><td>102.27°E</td><td>84</td><td><i>Liphistius nesioticus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><th>33</th><td>Tha Kradan, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi-A</td><td>14.37°N</td><td>99.14°E</td><td>272</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>34</th><td>Tha Kradan, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>14.39°N</td><td>99.13°E</td><td>229</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>35</th><td>Tha Sao,Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi-A 14.38°N</td><td>98.93°E</td><td>380</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>36</th><td>Tha Sao, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi-B</td><td>14.24°N</td><td>99.06°E</td><td>158</td><td><i>Liphistius erawan s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>37</th><td>Wang Krachae, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi</td><td>14.20°N</td><td>99.02°E</td><td>510</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. TNL</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>38</th><td>Suan Som, Thap Sakae District, Phra Chaup Khirikhan</td><td>11.57°N</td><td>99.54°E</td><td>108</td><td><i>Liphistius albipes</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>39</th><td>Na Sak, Sawi District, Chumphon</td><td>10.23°N</td><td>98.95°E</td><td>48</td><td><i>Liphistius keeratikiati</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>A</td></tr><tr><th>40</th><td>Na Kha, Suk Samran District, Ranong</td><td>9.46°N</td><td>98.50°E</td><td>52</td><td><i>Liphistius bicoloripes, Liphistius castaneus,</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>Liphistius schwendingeri s.l.</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>41</th><td>Krung Ching, Nopphitam District, Nakhon Si Thammarat</td><td>8.72°N</td><td>99.67°E</td><td>248</td><td><i>Liphistius niphanae</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>42</th><td>Khlong Ya, Ao Luek District, Krabi</td><td>8.35°N</td><td>98.9°E</td><td>129</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. KPN</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>43</th><td>Mueang Krabi District, Krabi</td><td>8.24°N</td><td>98.92°E</td><td>307</td><td><i>Liphistius fuscus</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>44</th><td>Khanaen, Thalang District, Phuket</td><td>8.03°N</td><td>98.36°E</td><td>89</td><td><i>Liphistius phuketensis</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>45</th><td>Chong, Na Yong District, Trang</td><td>7.55°N</td><td>99.79°E</td><td>161</td><td><i>Liphistius trang</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>46</th><td>Lam Khlaeng, Palian District, Trang</td><td>7.29°N</td><td>99.88°E</td><td>89</td><td><i>Liphistius</i> sp. T</td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>47</th><td>Lang Khao, Kantang District, Trang</td><td>7.27°N</td><td>99.38°E</td><td>37</td><td><i>Liphistius thaleri</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>48</th><td>Kho Hong, Hat Yai District, Songkhla</td><td>7.04°N</td><td>100.51°E</td><td>162</td><td><i>Liphistius hatyai</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>49</th><td>Chalung, Hat Yai District, Songkhla</td><td>6.95°N</td><td>100.24°E</td><td>167</td><td><i>Liphistius yangae s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>50</th><td>Wang Prachan, Khuan Don District, Satun</td><td>6.71°N</td><td>100.17°E</td><td>174</td><td><i>Liphistius yangae s.l.</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Rayong, Thailand (GPS unavailable, Not show on the map)</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td><i>Liphistius cf. ornatus</i></td><td>Indochina</td><td>D</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b><i>linang</i> group:</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>51</th><td>Sai Khao, Khok Pho District, Pattani</td><td>6.66°N</td><td>101.10°E</td><td>83</td><td><i>Liphistius indra</i></td><td>Sibumasu</td><td>E</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Effects of phylogenetic reconstruction method on the robustness of species delimitation using single-locus data
1. Coalescent-based species delimitation methods combine population genetic and phylogenetic theory to provide an objective means for delineating evolutionarily significant units of diversity. The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) and the Poisson Tree Process (PTP) are methods that use ultrametric (GMYC or PTP) or non-ultrametric (PTP) gene trees as input, intended for use mostly with single-locus data such as DNA barcodes. 2. Here we assess how robust the GMYC and PTP are to different phylogenetic reconstruction and branch smoothing methods. We reconstruct over 400 ultrametric trees using up to 30 different combinations of phylogenetic and smoothing methods and perform over 2,000 separate species delimitation analyses across 16 empirical datasets. We then assess how variable diversity estimates are, in terms of richness and identity, with respect to species delimitation, phylogenetic and smoothing methods. 3. The PTP method generally generates diversity estimates that are more robust to different phylogenetic methods. The GMYC is more sensitive, but provides consistent estimates for BEAST trees. The lower consistency of GMYC estimates is likely a result of differences among gene trees introduced by the smoothing step. Unresolved nodes (real anomalies or methodological artefacts) affect both GMYC and PTP estimates, but have a greater effect on GMYC estimates. Branch smoothing is a difficult step and perhaps an underappreciated source of bias that may be widespread among studies of diversity and diversification. 4. Nevertheless, careful choice of phylogenetic method does produce equivalent PTP and GMYC diversity estimates. We recommend simultaneous use of the PTP model with any model-based gene tree (e.g. RAxML) and GMYC approaches with BEAST trees for obtaining species hypotheses.
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