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FIGURE 2 in A new species of Opisthotropis from northern Vietnam previously misidentified as the Yellow-spotted Mountain Stream Keelback O. maculosa Stuart & Chuaynkern, 2007 (Squamata: Natricidae)
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Opisthotropis haihaensis sp. nov. (IEBR A.2016.34) in preserved state.
FIGURE 14 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 14. Original drawing of Russell's (1803) "botla parah," plate 142
FIGURE 12. Trachinotus botla, ANSP 148732, 343 in Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae)
FIGURE 12. Trachinotus botla, ANSP 148732, 343 mm FL, Sri Lanka. Drawn by Tracy D. Pedersen.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax smithi (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from deep waters of Arabian Sea, India
FIGURE 4. Lateral head portion of paratype (EBRC/ZSI/F11228; 362 mm TL) showing the spot pattern.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax smithi (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from deep waters of Arabian Sea, India
FIGURE 2. Lateral view of head pores of holotype of Gymnothorax smithi sp. nov.
Text-fig. 1. The geographic position of the localities mentioned in the text. A – position within the Czech Republic. B – Detailed map of the area. Subsilesian Unit: 1 – Kelč, 2 – Špičky, 3 – Horní Těšice; Silesian Unit: 4 – Loučka, 5 – Osíčko, 6 – Rožnov pod Radhoštěm; Ždánice Unit: 7 – Bohuslavice, 8 – Jestřabice, 9 – Kožušice, 10 – Křepice, 11 – Litenčice, 12 – Mouchnice, 13 – Nikolčice, 14 – Nítkovice, 15 – Nosislav, 16 – Židlochovice. The distribution of the units according to Čtyřoký and Stráník (1995). C – map of the Osíčko vicinity with distribution of the Silesian Unit sediments (gray spots) and collecting points (P1 and P2). The distribution of the Silesian Unit sediments according to Stráník (1999). in An Annotated List Of The Oligocene Fish Fauna From The Osíčko Locality (Menilitic Fm.; Moravia, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 1. The geographic position of the localities mentioned in the text. A – position within the Czech Republic. B – Detailed map of the area. Subsilesian Unit: 1 – Kelč, 2 – Špičky, 3 – Horní Těšice; Silesian Unit: 4 – Loučka, 5 – Osíčko, 6 – Rožnov pod Radhoštěm; Ždánice Unit: 7 – Bohuslavice, 8 – Jestřabice, 9 – Kožušice, 10 – Křepice, 11 – Litenčice, 12 – Mouchnice, 13 – Nikolčice, 14 – Nítkovice, 15 – Nosislav, 16 – Židlochovice. The distribution of the units according to Čtyřoký and Stráník (1995). C – map of the Osíčko vicinity with distribution of the Silesian Unit sediments (gray spots) and collecting points (P1 and P2). The distribution of the Silesian Unit sediments according to Stráník (1999).
Fig. 1 in A volunteer-populated online database provides evidence for a geographic pattern in symptoms of black spot infections
Fig. 1. Example photos of a blacknose dace, a stoneroller (Campostoma sp.), a creek chub, and a chub (Nocomis sp.) exhibiting evidence of a black grub infection.
Fig. 3 in A volunteer-populated online database provides evidence for a geographic pattern in symptoms of black spot infections
Fig. 3. If an observation of blacknose dace, creek chub, chubs (Nocomis spp.), or stonerollers (Campostoma spp.) is reported on iNaturalist from the watersheds of Northern Lake Erie or Lake Ontario – Niagara Peninsula it is more likely to exhibit macroscopic signs of infection by metacercariae. Also a high percentage of the observations by user bkorol exhibited symptoms, all from Eastern Georgian Bay which is adjacent to the two other watersheds mentioned. Data were analyzed using conditional information trees in r using package caret to train and tune the model. Percentage of actual observations summarized in bar charts below each split that significantly described the data.
Fig. 2 in A volunteer-populated online database provides evidence for a geographic pattern in symptoms of black spot infections
Fig. 2. Watersheds shaded by the percentage of observations with signs of black spot infection for four groups of fishes, each of which show higher prevalence in the watersheds near Toronto and the northern shoreline of Lake Erie. Watersheds are transparent if only 1 or 2 fish were observed in them, otherwise they increase in opaqueness as sample number increase, those with>15 observations are solid. Refer to Table 1 for numbers.
Fig. 1 in Multiple infestations of gastrointestinal parasites - Probable cause for high mortality of Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) at Kokrebellur Community Reserve, India
Fig. 1. Sampling locations of select water tanks that are frequented by Spot-billed Pelicans and Kokrebellur.
Figure 2 in First record of Spotted Small Flat Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Figure 2. Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882) (Spotted Small flat) on the flower of Cosmos sp. / Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882) sobre la flor de Cosmos sp.
Figure 1 in First record of Spotted Small Flat Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Figure 1. Recorded location of Sarangesa purendra at Dewal area of Billawar in district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Source: Google Earth. / Ubicación registrada de Sarangesa purendra en el área de Dewal de Billawar en el distrito de Kathua de Jammu y Cachemira, India. Fuente: Google Earth.
Figure 1 in Diet of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Clanga pomarina) in Amvrakikos Wetlands National Park, Greece
Figure 1. Aerial photo of Valaoritis mountain with Quercus frainneto forest in foreground, where a nesting territory of lesser spotted eagle was active in 2000 (Photo: S. Zogaris).
Table 2 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
<p><b>Table 2:</b> Summary of spotted hyaena density estimates for the Hluhluwe and iMfolozi sections in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Year</b></th><th><b>Hluhluwe density</b></th><th><b>Hluluwe LCL</b></th><th><b>Hluhluwe UCL</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi density</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi LCL</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi UCL</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>2013</th><td>17.59</td><td>11.74</td><td>26.36</td><td>21.41</td><td>15.38</td><td>29.82</td></tr><tr><th>2014</th><td>14.39</td><td>9.32</td><td>22.21</td><td>27.09</td><td>20.9</td><td>35.11</td></tr><tr><th>2015</th><td>9.78</td><td>4.41</td><td>21.69</td><td>12.98</td><td>9.18</td><td>18.37</td></tr><tr><th>2016</th><td>8.54</td><td>4.69</td><td>15.55</td><td>24.31</td><td>17.j26</td><td>34.23</td></tr><tr><th>2017</th><td>12.9</td><td>8.28</td><td>20.11</td><td>21.34</td><td>15.25</td><td>29.87</td></tr><tr><th>2018</th><td>14.6</td><td>9.88</td><td>21.58</td><td>27.27</td><td>20.34</td><td>36.56</td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>12.97</td><td>8.05</td><td>21.25</td><td>22.40</td><td>16.21</td><td>30.66</td></tr><tr><th>Stdev</th><td>3.34</td><td>2.94</td><td>3.50</td><td>5.30</td><td>4.75</td><td>6.63</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The SECR analysis used a uniform 12,500 m buffer effective trapping area.LCL,lower confidence limit;UCL,upper confidence limit.Estimates are measured in hyaena per 100 km <sup>2</sup>.</p>
Table 1 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
<p><b>Table 1:</b> Summary of camera trapping parameters and density estimates for spotted hyaenas in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th><b>2013</b></th><th><b>2014</b></th><th><b>2015</b></th><th><b>2016 2017</b></th><th><b>2018</b></th><th><b>Total</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Survey details</th><td>View</td><td>RHS</td><td>RHS</td><td>RHS</td><td>LHS</td><td>RHS</td><td></td><td>RHS</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Individuals</td><td>79</td><td>97</td><td>83</td><td>59</td><td>77</td><td></td><td>98</td><td>230</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Juvenile captures</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>19</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Independent capture events</td><td>159</td><td>281</td><td>263</td><td>113</td><td>173</td><td></td><td>294</td><td>1242</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>MMDM (m)</td><td>3047</td><td>3944</td><td>5453</td><td>2559</td><td>3424</td><td></td><td>3744</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Trap nights</td><td>1342</td><td>1986</td><td>2039</td><td>2031</td><td>1917</td><td></td><td>1929</td><td>11,244</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Population closure test <i>p-</i> value</td><td>>0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05>0.05 <0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>2013</b></td><td><b>2014</b></td><td><b>2015</b></td><td><b>2016</b></td><td><b>2017</b></td><td><b>2018</b></td><td></td><td><b>Mean</b></td></tr><tr><th>Model results</th><td>Density per 100 km2</td><td>20.13</td><td>20.83</td><td>11.98</td><td>17.77</td><td>19.00</td><td>20.04</td><td></td><td>18.29 ± 3.27</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>SE</td><td>2.74</td><td>2.38</td><td>1.61</td><td>3.09</td><td>2.62</td><td>2.35</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>LCL</td><td>15.43</td><td>16.65</td><td>9.22</td><td>12.67</td><td>14.53</td><td>16.26</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>UCL</td><td>26.26</td><td>26.04</td><td>15.56</td><td>24.92</td><td>24.88</td><td>25.50</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Expected population size</td><td><i>279.20</i></td><td>283.20</td><td>162.85</td><td>241.43</td><td>258.40 277.03</td><td>250.35 ± 45.66</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>SE</td><td>38.04</td><td>32.35</td><td>21.82</td><td>41.95</td><td>35.64</td><td>31.92</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>LCL</td><td>214.03</td><td>226.54</td><td>125.37</td><td>172.18</td><td>197.45 221.20</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>UCL</td><td>364.20</td><td>354.03</td><td>211.52</td><td>338.52</td><td>338.18 346.96</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Goodness of fit test <i>p</i> -value</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>LCL = 95 % lower confidence limit; UCL = 95 % upper confidence limit; RHS, right hand side photos; LHS, left hand side photos; clipped 12,500 m = the selected habitat mask used for estimating hyaena densities – see Supplementary Material for full details.</p>
Genome-wide association analysis reveals QTL and candidate mutations involved in white spotting in cattle
<p><b>Background</b></p> <p>White spotting of the coat is a characteristic trait of various domestic species including cattle and other mammals. It is a hallmark of Holstein-Friesian cattle, and several previous studies have detected genetic loci with major effects for white spotting in animals with Holstein-Friesian ancestry. Here, our aim was to better understand the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms of white spotting, by conducting the largest mapping study for this trait in cattle, to date.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Using imputed whole-genome sequence data, we conducted a genome-wide association analysis in 2,973 mixed-breed cows and bulls. Highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were found on chromosomes 6 and 22, highlighting the well-established coat color genes <i>KIT</i> and <i>MITF</i> as likely responsible for these effects. These results are in broad agreement with previous studies, although we also report a third significant QTL on chromosome 2 that appears to be novel. This signal maps immediately adjacent to the <i>PAX3</i> gene, which encodes a known transcription factor that controls <i>MITF </i>expression and is the causal locus for white spotting in horses. More detailed examination of these loci revealed a candidate causal mutation in <i>PAX3</i> (p.Thr424Met), and another candidate mutation (rs209784468) within a conserved element in intron 2 of <i>MITF</i> transcripts expressed in the skin. These analyses also revealed a mechanistic ambiguity at the chromosome 6 locus, where highly dispersed association signals suggested multiple or multiallelic QTL involving <i>KIT </i>and/or other genes in this region.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Our findings extend those of previous studies that reported <i>KIT</i> as a likely causal gene for white spotting, and report novel associations between candidate causal mutations in both the <i>MITF</i> and <i>PAX3</i> genes. The sizes of the effects of these QTL are substantial, and could be used to select animals with darker, or conversely whiter, coats depending on the desired characteristics.</p>
Figs. 7–11 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 7–11. Male genitalia of Chelipoda species in lateral view: 7. C. kameawuta new species; 8. C. laisoma new species; 9. C. macrosceles new species; 10. C. manggawna new species; 11. C. meenamluang new species.
Fig. 3 in A new pale-spotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil
Fig. 3. Map of rio Tocantins, rio Xingu, and adjoining river basins, showing the geographic distribution of Hypostomus faveolus (type locality represented by open circle).
Figure 1 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 1. Satellite view centered on the Iberian Peninsula showing the known localities for the Iberian species of Cyphophthalmi. Type localities are identified with the bold font. An asterisk denotes the localities of the specimens used in the molecular study. Localities identified as 'Paramiopsalis sp.' are based on specimens listed by Rambla & Fontarnau (1984) as Paramiopsalis ramulosus, but have not been examined by the authors. The type locality for Parasiro coiffaiti is indicated with a question mark because the locality listed for the type material is not from the Girona Province (see Results).
Figure 6 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 6. Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov., scanning electron microgarphs of a male paratype. A, right chelicera. B, cheliceral fingers. C, left pedipalp. D, pedipalpal claw.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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