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FIGURE 22 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 22. Male holotype of Boophis miadana sp. nov. (ZSM 5107/2005) from Andohahela, 1550 m a.s.l.: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) ventral view.

FIGURE 23 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 23. Male holotype of Boophis haingana sp. nov. (ZSM 5109/2005) from Andohahela: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) ventral view.

FIGURE 1. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 1. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis majori and B. microtympanum groups. From 480 total characters, 336 were constant and 129 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 39 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. Species newly described or resurrected herein are in bold.

FIGURE 18. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 18. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis luteus group. From 470 total characters, 347 were constant and 111 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 60 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. The species newly described herein is in bold.

FIGURE 12 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 12. Male holotype of Boophis roseipalmatus sp. nov. (ZSM 211/2004) from Montagne d'Ambre National Park: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 3. Spectrograms and waveforms of calls of Boophis piperatus sp. nov. from near Vohiparara, Ranomafana National Park (recorded on 28 January 2004, air temperature 20–21°C): (A) call type 1, (B) call type 2 (see text).

FIGURE 16. Maximum parsimony 16S in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 16. Maximum parsimony 16S rRNA phylogram for species in the Boophis albilabris group. From 535 total characters, 445 were constant and 35 parsimony informative. MP searches retained 6 trees of which a strict consensus is shown. Consensus support values higher than 50, from 2000 bootstrap replicates, are shown; an asterisk indicates Bayesian posterior probabilities equal or higher than 95%. The species newly described herein is in bold.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomy of Malagasy treefrogs: combination of molecular genetics, bioacoustics and comparative morphology reveals twelve additional species of Boophis 2383

FIGURE 4. Dorsolateral view (A) and ventral view (B) of male of Boophis andrangoloaka (FGZC 2139) from Ambohitantely; (C) dorsolateral view of Boophis andrangoloaka (ZFMK 60134) from Ambohitantely; dorsolateral view (D) and ventral view (E) of a dark coloured specimen of Boophis rhodoscelis from Ranomafanakely; (F) dorsolateral view of a light coloured specimen of Boophis rhodoscelis from Ranomafanakely.

Figure 7 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 7. Scanning electron microscopy images of spicules and skeletal structure of Plakinastrella clippertonensis van Soest et al., 2011. A, diods. B, triods. C, simple calthrops. D, tangential view of the ectosome. E, transversal view of the choanosome.

Figure 5 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy images of spicules and skeletal structure of Plakortis clarionensis sp. nov. A, diods. B, triods. C, tangential view of the ectosome. D, transversal view of the choanosome.

Figure 4 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy images of spicules and skeletal structure of Plakina paradilopha sp. nov. A, diods. B, triods. C, dilophose calthrops. D, transversal view of the choanosome.

Figure 3 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy images of spicules and skeletal structure of Plakina muricyae sp. nov. A, diods. B, triods. C, calthrops. D, monolophose calthrops. E, transversal view of the choanosome.

Figure 6 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopy images of spicules and skeletal structure of Plakortis albicans Cruz-Barraza & Carballo, 2005. A, diods and triods. B, tangential view of ectosomal alveolar skeleton. C, transversal view of the choanosome.

Figure 2 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 2. External morphologies of plakinid species from the eastern Pacific. A, B, Plakina muricyae sp. nov. C, i, Plakina paradilopha sp. nov.; ii, Plakina muricyae sp. nov. D, Plakortis clarionensis sp. nov. E, Plakortis albicans Cruz-Barraza & Carballo, 2005. F, Plakinastrella clippertonensis van Soest et al., 2011.

Figure 8 in Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology and cox1 and cob mtDNA data

Figure 8. Phylogenetic reconstruction of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1; A) and cytochrome b (cob; B) mitochondrial markers. The topologies were obtained by Bayesian inference analysis with MrBayes. The number at each node represents the Bayesian posterior probability (%).

FIGURE 7. Gnathopods I–II in Toward a unified taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review of morphological variability

FIGURE 7. Gnathopods I–II. The following parameters were measured: depth and width of coxa II (cxw, cxd), width and length of basis (bl, bw), cl (carpus lenght), propodus length, width, diagonal (pl, pw, pd), basal and distal part of the dactylus (d1,2) (A, B, E: N. dalmatinus, male gnathopod I, C: N. dalmatinus, male gnathopod II, D: N. dalmatinus, female gnathopod II, note the sexually dimorphic shape of the coxa II). Note variable number of palmar (F–I, II: N. grandii [after Sket 1972]) and supporting spines (G: N. kenki [after S. Karaman 1952]) as well as shifted position of denticulated spines (H–I,II: N. salonitanus [after G. Karaman 1984a]). Setae below palmar spine are indicated with ps.

FIGURE 9. Pereopods III–IV in Toward a unified taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review of morphological variability

FIGURE 9. Pereopods III–IV. Lines along which measures were taken are indicated and labeled as in Fig. 7. Variability of dactyls is similar to variability of dactyls of pereopod VII, shown in Fig. 11. Note the sexually dimorphic coxae in N. dalmatinus (A, m—males, f—females, original drawing) and differences in shape of coxae between the species. B: N. dabarensis; C: N. polymorphus (B–C after Fišer et al. 2006b); D: N. podgoricensis (G. Karaman 1984a); E: N. longicaudatus (G. Karaman 1986b).

FIGURE 6 in Toward a unified taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review of morphological variability

FIGURE 6. Mouthparts. Mandibles (A–F) vary mainly in the palpus (A: N. croaticus [after Jurinac 1888]; B: N. dalmatinus [original drawing]—note that left and right mandible are not symmetric, detailed lacinia mobilis is from N. tauri [after S. Karaman 1943b]; C: N. transitivus [after Sket 1971]; D: N. tauri [after S. Karaman 1943b]; E: N. skopljensis [after S. Karaman 1943a]; F: N. timavi—note setae on the proximal-most article; landmarks used in measurements are connected with lines [adapted from G. Karaman 1985]). Maxilla I (G–M) varies in number of setae on palpus and inner lobe as well as in type of spines on outer lobe (G: N. croaticus [after Jurinac 1888]; H: N. tauri [after S. Karaman 1943b]; I–J: N. velesensis [S. Karaman 1943a]; K: N. angelieri [after Ruffo 1953b]; L: N. skopljensis—spines on outer lobe [S. Karaman 1943a]; M: N. jovanovici [S. Karaman 1943a]). Maxilla II, labium and labrum are rather invariable (N, P, R: N. croaticus [after Jurinac 1888] O, Q, S: N. dalmatinus [original drawing]). Important characters on maxilliped (T: N. croaticus [after Jurinac 1888]) is the setal pattern on dactylus (U: N. krameri [after G. Karaman 1984b]; V: N. subtypicus, W: N. kolombatovici [adapted from Fišer et al. 2007]) and a number of flattened apical spines on inner lobes (X: N. tauri [S. Karaman 1943b]).

FIGURE 4 in Toward a unified taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review of morphological variability

FIGURE 4. Shape and setal patterns of the telson. A: N. rostratus, arrow indicates the shifted position of lateral plumose setae (after Sket 1971); B: N. brachytelson (after S. Karaman 1952); C: N. valvasori (after S. Karaman 1952); D: N. multipennatus, note elevated number of plumose setae (after Sket 1972); E: N. macedonicus (after S. Karaman 1950); F: N. orcinus (after S. Karaman 1950); G: N. illidzensis (after S. Karaman 1932); H: N. croaticus, note shallow telson cleft (after Jurinac 1888); I: N. sanctinaumi (S. Karaman 1943a); J: N. podgoricensis (after S. Karaman 1950); K: N. illidzensis, w—telson width, l—telson length, cl—telson cleft length, sl—length of the longest spine, AS—apical telson spines, LS—lateral telson spines, MS—mesial telson spines (along telson cleft), DS—dorsal telson spines (adapted from S. Karaman 1932).

FIGURE 3. Pleon and urosoma. A in Toward a unified taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda): a review of morphological variability

FIGURE 3. Pleon and urosoma. A: pleonites II–III of N. dalmatinus, dorsoventral lines illustrate the approximately perpendicular and sharply inclined distoposterior angle of epimeral plates (original drawing). Variability in shape and number of dorsoposterior setae along pleonites I–III (dorsal view, the position of setae indicated by arrow): B: N. lunaris (after G. Karaman 1985); C: N. salonitanus (S. Karaman 1950); D: N. bilecanus (after S. Karaman 1953). Variable shape of epimeral plates: E: N. balcanicus, arrows indicate setae along posterior margin and setae along subventral margin (after S. Karaman 1932); F: N. illidzensis (after S. Karaman 1932); G: N. valachicus (after S. Karaman 1950); H: N. pectinicauda (after Sket 1971); I: N. skopljensis (S. Karaman 1943a); J: N. orcinus (after S. Karaman 1950); K: N. jurinaci (after S. Karaman 1950); L: N. dalmatinus (after S. Karaman 1950); M: N. pannonicus (after S. Karaman 1950). Setal patterns on urosomites I–III: N: N. dalmatinus (urosomites I–II, original drawing); O: setae on humps in N. balcanicus (after S. Karaman 1932); P: setae on urosomite III in N. podgoricensis (rarely present otherwise) (arrow, after G. Karaman 1984a); spine-like seta at the base of uropods I (arrow) may be multiplied in some species.