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FIGURE 5 in A new species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on inflorescences of Scindapsus maclurei (Araceae)

FIGURE 5. Pre-imaginal stages of Colocasiomyia daiae Xue & Gao, sp. nov. A, Eggs (#10608–10610 from left to right) on wall of a pistil of host infructescence; B–D, larvae of 1st (#10611), 2nd (#10612) and 3rd instar (#10614), respectively; E, puparium (#10615; dorsal view); F–H, cephalopharyngeal skeleton of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae, respectively (lateral and dorsal views for each); I–K, mouth hooks of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae, respectively. Abbreviations: asp = anterior spiracle, dw = dorsal wing of pharyngeal sclerite, hp = hypopharyngeal sclerite, lp = latticed process of pharyngeal sclerite, mh = mouth hook, psp = posterior spiracle, vb = vertical bridge between dw and vw, vw = ventral wing of pharyngeal sclerite. Scale bars = 1.0 mm except for A (2 mm) and F–K (0.1 mm).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on inflorescences of Scindapsus maclurei (Araceae)

FIGURE 4. Male and female terminalia of Colocasiomyia daiae Xue & Gao, sp. nov. (paratype #10567 and paratype #10573, respectively). A, Periphallic organs (posterior view); B, epandrial phragma (right one, lateral view; arrowhead); C, phallic organs (ventral view); D, phallus and phallapodeme (lateral view); E, pregonite (right one, lateral view); F, oviscapt (lateral view). Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, epand = epandrium, hypd = hypandrium, l goncx = lateral gonocoxite, m goncx = median gonocoxite, ph = phallus, ph sh = phallal sheath, phap = phallapodeme, preg = pregonite, sur = surstylus. Scale lines = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on inflorescences of Scindapsus maclurei (Araceae)

FIGURE 1. Scindapsus maclurei (Merr.) Merr. et Metc from which adult specimens of the new species were collected in the Wuzhishan National Nature Preserve, Hainan, China. A, Lianas creeping on stone in the woodland; B, an inflorescence bud; C, a young inflorescence with spathe beginning to open; D, a spadix; E, a young infructescence.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on inflorescences of Scindapsus maclurei (Araceae)

FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of Colocasiomyia daiae Xue & Gao, sp. nov. [holotype (A–C, I–K); male paratype #10567 (D–H); male paratype #10606 (L); female paratype #10607 (M)]. A, Lateral habitus, arrow indicates the presutural dorsocentral setae; B, head and thorax (dorsal view); C, head (anterior view); D, head (dorsal view); E, postocciput (posterior view); F, mouth part (lateral view); G, cibarium (dorsal view); H, prementum (ventral view); I, wing (left one, ventral view); J, foreleg (left one, inner view); K, abdomen (dorsal view); L and M, abdominal sternites. Abbreviations: as = anterior sensilla, cib = cibarium, cly = clypeus, ms = medial sensilla, plp = palpus, premnt = prementum, ps = posterior sensilla, sc = sensilla campaniformia, spc-s = supracervical setae. Scale bar = 1.0 mm except for C–F, L, M (0.5 mm) and G, H (0.1 mm).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on inflorescences of Scindapsus maclurei (Araceae)

FIGURE 2. An unrooted, neighbor-joining tree built with p-distances calculated for COI DNA sequences determined previously (Li et al. 2014, Jiao et al. 2020) or in the present study for ten species of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group. Sequences are referred to individually in the tree in a form of "voucher number-GenBank accession number".

FIGURE 1. Xanthosoma gratiae Cornejo & Croat. A in Xanthosoma gratiae (Araceae), a new species from the cordillera ChongónColonche in coastal Ecuador

FIGURE 1. Xanthosoma gratiae Cornejo & Croat. A, Inflorescence with closed spathe tube, anterior view; B, Inflorescence with open cut spathe tube, anterior view; C, Spathe, note the yellowish-green color at upper two thirds, posterior view; D, Fertile stamens; E, Close up of inner spathe tube exhibiting translucent microdroplets of glandular exudate; F, Plant with fully mature ovate-cordate leaves in an open environment in the type locality; G, Close up of pistillate inflorescence and lower staminodes, note the full green color of spathe tube inside, anterior view.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 3. Anthurium viridiflavum Sierra-Giraldo, Orozco-A, Edwin Trujillo & Castaño-Rubiano: Holotype specimen, N. Castaño−Rubiano 2298. Photography: Benjamín González.

FIGURE 2 in New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 2. Anthurium viridiflavum Sierra-Giraldo, Orozco-A, Edwin Trujillo & Castaño-Rubiano: A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Cataphylls and prophylls. D. Leaf blade. E. Base of the blade. F. Inflorescence. G. Stipe and spadix. Photographs A-C y F: Julio Andrés SierraGiraldo, D–E, G: Benjamín González.

FIGURE 1 in New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 1. Anthurium viridiflavum Sierra-Giraldo, Orozco-A, Edwin Trujillo & Castaño-Rubiano: A. Habit. B. Detail of the base of the blade. C. Leaf blade. D. Inflorescence. E. Portion of the spadix showing flowers disposition. F. Upper view of the flower. G. Lateral view of the flower. H. Stamen. I. Fruit. J. Longitudinal section of the fruit. K. Seed. Illustration by Eileen Muñoz, based on N. Castaño-Rubiano 2298.

FIGURE 4 in New species of Anthurium sect. Calomystrium (Araceae) from Colombia

FIGURE 4. Anthurium viridiflavum Sierra-Giraldo, Orozco-A, Edwin Trujillo & Castaño-Rubiano:Paratype specimen, N. Castaño−Rubiano 2297. Photography: Benjamín González.

FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 4. Spathiphyllum wilfridianum. A. Cultivated adult plant. B. Adaxial view of the blade. C. Portion of petioles showing entire sheath margins (arrow). D. Inflorescence showing spathe and spadix in anthesis. E. Pistils. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 3. Visitors to the inflorescences of Spathiphyllum maldonadianum in the male phase. A. Euglossa sp. B. Plebeia sp. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 2. Spathiphyllum maldonadianum. A in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 2. Spathiphyllum maldonadianum. A. Adult plant in the understory. B. View of the leaf showing the length of the petiole, the end of the sheath (arrow) away from the geniculum, and the adaxial surface of the blade. C. Immature infructescence. D. Inflorescence showing spathe and spadix in anthesis. E. Pistils. Photos by P. Díaz Jiménez.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Tabasco, Mexico with notes on their floral scent

FIGURE 1. Map showing the collection sites of Spathiphyllum maldonadianum (red dots) and S. wilfridianum (red triangle) in the state of Tabasco. The floral scent of S. maldonadianum was collected in situ in Pomoquita (bottom red dot) and of S. wilfridianum from a cultivated plant in Comalcalco (red star; cultivated individual).

FIGURES 36, 37 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 36, 37. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., THIRD-INSTAR LARVA, CEPHALOPHARYNGEAL SKELETON: 36. VENTRAL VIEW; 37. LATERAL VIEW. SCALES LINES: 0.1MM.

FIGURES 17–26 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 17–26. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PARATYPE FEMALE: 17–22. DRAWINGS OF STERNITES: 17. STERNITE 1; 18. STERNITE 2; 19. STERNITE 3; 20. STERNITE 4; 21. STERNITE 5; 22. STERNITE 6; 23. TERMINALIA, GENERAL VIEW: OVISCAPE, TAENIA, EVERSIBLE MEMBRANE, STERNITE 8, CERCI; 24. SPERMATHECAE AND SPERMATHECAL DUCT; 25. STERNITE 8 AND CERCI; 26. CERCI IN DETAIL. SCALES LINES: 0.2 MM.

FIGURES 1–7 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 1–7. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov.: 1. HOLOTYPE MALE, HABITUS, LATERAL VIEW; 2–3. PARATYPE FEMALE: 2. HABITUS, LATERAL VIEW; 3. WING; 4. PARATYPE MALE PRESERVED IN ALCOHOL, DORSAL VIEW; 5–7. HOLOTYPE MALE, HEAD: 5. FRONTAL VIEW; 6. DORSAL VIEW; 7. LATERAL VIEW. SCALES LINES: FIGS 1–4: 1.0 MM; FIGS 5–7: 0.5 MM.

FIGURES 27–35 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 27–35. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., THIRD-INSTAR LARVA: 27. GENERAL VIEW, LATERAL; 28. ANTERIOR REGION, VENTRAL; 29, 30: ANTERIOR SPIRACLE (NOT CLAREAD AND CLEARED, RESPECTIVELLY); 31. DRAWING LINE OF POSTERIOR SPIRACLE; 32. POSTERIOR REGION, VENTRAL; 33 – 35: POSTERIOR SPIRACLES: 33. GENERAL VIEW; 34. IN DETAIL, NOT CLAREAD; 35. IN DETAIL, CLAREAD. ABBREVIATIONS: An: ANTENNA; ES: ECDYSIAL SCAR; MSO: MAXILLARY SENSE ORGAN; OA: ORAL AREA; P: PERITREME; SH: SPIRACULAR HAIRS; SO: SPIRACULAR OPENING. SCALES LINES: FIG. 27: 2.0MM; FIGS 28, 29, 32–34: 0.2 MM; FIG. 30 = 0.1 MM.

FIGURES 8–16 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 8–16. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PARATYPE MALE: 8–11. DRAWINGS OF STERNITES: 8. STERNITE 2; 9. STERNITE 3; 10. STERNITE 4; 11. STERNITE 5; 12–13. DRAWING OF EPANDRIUM (SETAE NOT REPRESENTED), LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURSTYLI, AND CERCI: 12. POSTERIOR VIEW; 13 LATERAL VIEW; 14. LATEROPOSTERIOR GENERAL VIEW: STERNITE 6, SYNTERGOSTERNITE 7 + 8, SPIRACLES 6 AND 7, EPANDRIUM, LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURSTYLI, CERCI, BASIPHALLUS AND DISTIPHALLUS (BLACK ARROW INDICATES THE VESTIGIAL SPIRACLE ON STERNITE VI); 15. DISTIPHALLUS, APEX IN DETAIL; 16. MEDIAL SURTYLUS IN DETAIL. SCALES LINES: FIGS 8–14: 0.2 MM; FIGS 15, 16: 0.1 MM.

FIGURES 46–52 in A new species of Beebeomyia Curran (Diptera: Richardiidae) from Brazil, with description of immature stages and notes on their association with Taccarum ulei (Araceae)

FIGURES 46–52. Beebeomyia taccarivora sp. nov., PUPARIUM: 46. LATERAL VIEW; 47. DORSAL VIEW; 48. VENTRAL VIEW, PUPARIUM DISSECTED AND CLARIFIED, 49–52: ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS: 49. CREEPING WELT I; 50. CREEPING WELT V; 51. SPIRACULAR PLATE, POSTERIOR SPIRACLE; 52. PERIANAL PAD AND CREEPING WELT VIII. ABBREVIATIONS: CW: CREEPING WELT; T1, 2, 3: THORAXIC SEGMENT 1, 2, 3. SCALE LINES: FIGS 46–48: 1.0 MM; FIGS 49–52 =0.2MM.