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182 results for “BOLD”
Behavioural syndrome between boldness and aggressiveness and link with reproductive success in a wild bird population
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Bold Park reptile species capture data for: Decadal abundance patterns in an isolated urban reptile assemblage: Monitoring under a changing climate
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Parental predator exposure affects offspring boldness and laterality in the stickleback
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Data from: Trait compensation between boldness and the propensity for tail autotomy under different food availabilities in similarly-aged brown anole lizards
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Linking behavioural thermoregulation, boldness and individual state in male Carpetan rock lizards
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Data from: Boldness predicts an individual's position along an exploration-exploitation foraging trade-off
Individuals do not have complete information about the environment and therefore they face a trade-off between gathering information (exploration) and gathering resources (exploitation). Studies have shown individual differences in components of this trade-off but how stable these strategies are in a population and the intrinsic drivers of these differences is not well understood. Top marine predators are expected to experience a particularly strong trade-off as many species have large foraging ranges and their prey often have a patchy distribution. This environment leads these species to exhibit pronounced exploration and exploitation phases but differences between individuals are poorly resolved. Personality differences are known to be important in foraging behaviour but also in the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. Here we test whether personality predicts an individual exploration-exploitation strategy using wide ranging wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) as a model system. Using GPS tracking data from 276 wandering albatrosses, we extract foraging parameters indicative of exploration (searching) and exploitation (foraging) and show that foraging effort, time in patch and size of patch are strongly correlated, demonstrating these are indicative of an exploration-exploitation strategy. Furthermore, we show these are consistent within individuals and appear stable in the population, with no reproductive advantage. The searching and foraging behaviour of bolder birds placed them towards the exploration end of the trade-off, whereas shy birds showed greater exploitation. This result provides a mechanism through which individual foraging strategies may emerge. Age and sex affected components of the trade-off, but not the trade-off itself, suggesting these factors may drive behavioural compensation to maintain resource acquisition and this was supported by the evidence that there were no fitness consequence of any EE trait nor the trade-off itself. These results demonstrate a clear trade-off between information gathering and exploitation of prey patches, and reveals for the first time that boldness may drive these differences. This provides a mechanism through which widely reported links between personality and foraging may emerge.
Data from: Development of visual cortical function in infant macaques: a BOLD fMRI study
Functional brain development is not well understood. In the visual system, neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates show quite mature neuronal properties near birth although visual function is itself quite immature and continues to develop over many months or years after birth. Our goal was to assess the relative development of two main visual processing streams, dorsal and ventral, using BOLD fMRI in an attempt to understand the global mechanisms that support the maturation of visual behavior. Seven infant macaque monkeys (_Macaca mulatta_) were repeatedly scanned, while anesthetized, over an age range of 102 to 1431 days. Large rotating checkerboard stimuli induced BOLD activation in visual cortices at early ages. Additionally we used static and dynamic Glass pattern stimuli to probe BOLD responses in primary visual cortex and two extrastriate areas: V4 and MT-V5. The resulting activations were analyzed with standard GLM and multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) approaches. We analyzed three contrasts: Glass pattern present/absent, static/dynamic Glass pattern presentation, and structured/random Glass pattern form. For both GLM and MVPA approaches, robust coherent BOLD activation appeared relatively late in comparison to the maturation of known neuronal properties and the development of behavioral sensitivity to Glass patterns. Robust differential activity to Glass pattern present/absent and dynamic/static stimulus presentation appeared first in V1, followed by V4 and MT-V5 at older ages; there was no reliable distinction between the two extrastriate areas. A similar pattern of results was obtained with the two analysis methods, although MVPA analysis showed reliable differential responses emerging at later ages than GLM. Although BOLD responses to large visual stimuli are detectable, our results with more refined stimuli indicate that global BOLD activity changes as behavioral performance matures. This reflects an hierarchical development of the visual pathways. Since fMRI BOLD reflects neural activity on a population level, our results indicate that, although individual neurons might be adult-like, a longer maturation process takes place on a population level.
Data from: Distinct BOLD fMRI responses of capsaicin-induced thermal sensation reveal pain-related brain activation in nonhuman primates
Background: Approximately 20% of the adult population suffer from chronic pain that is not adequately treated by current therapies, highlighting a great need for improved treatment options. To develop effective analgesics, experimental human and animal models of pain are critical. Topically/intra-dermally applied capsaicin induces hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal and tactile stimuli that mimics chronic pain and is a useful translation from preclinical research to clinical investigation. Many behavioral and self-report studies of pain have exploited the use of the capsaicin pain model, but objective biomarker correlates of the capsaicin augmented nociceptive response in nonhuman primates remains to be explored. Methodology: Here we establish an aversive capsaicin-induced fMRI model using non-noxious heat stimuli in Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8). BOLD fMRI data were collected during thermal challenge (ON:20 s/42°C; OFF:40 s/35°C, 4-cycle) at baseline and 30 min post-capsaicin (0.1 mg, topical, forearm) application. Tail withdrawal behavioral studies were also conducted in the same animals using 42°C or 48°C water bath pre- and post- capsaicin application (0.1 mg, subcutaneous, tail). Principal Findings: Group comparisons between pre- and post-capsaicin application revealed significant BOLD signal increases in brain regions associated with the 'pain matrix', including somatosensory, frontal, and cingulate cortices, as well as the cerebellum (paired t-test, p<0.02, n = 8), while no significant change was found after the vehicle application. The tail withdrawal behavioral study demonstrated a significant main effect of temperature and a trend towards capsaicin induced reduction of latency at both temperatures. Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the specific brain regions involved with aversive, 'pain-like', responses in a nonhuman primate model. Future studies may employ both behavioral and fMRI measures as translational biomarkers to gain deeper understanding of pain processing and evaluate the preclinical efficacy of novel analgesics.
FIGURE 4 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 4. Views of the habitat at the type locality of Callulina meteora sp. nov.
FIGURE 3 in A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands
FIGURE 3. Sonograms of Callulina species.
Data from: Are British urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes) 'bold'? The importance of understanding human-wildlife interactions in urban areas
<p>Urban fox behaviour recorded during an extensive field experiment in Bristol, UK. We examined two different but inter-related behaviours, both of which influence a fox's propensity to take risks. Neophobia affects a fox's reaction to novelty in the environment, and wariness its reaction to potential threats. We investigated how social status and foraging social context influenced both behaviours in Bristol's fox population. For further information please see Padovani <em>et al.</em> 2021.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary data to 'acquisition and processing methods of whole-brain layer-fMRI VASO and BOLD: The Kenshu dataset'
<p>Supplemental results of our analysis</p>
Figure 3 from: Báthori F, Rádai Z, Tartally A (2017) The effect of Rickia wasmannii (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) on the aggression and boldness of Myrmica scabrinodis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 58: 41-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.58.13253
Figure 3 - Time latency until leaving shelter in case of uninfected (N=215) and infected (N=215) workers.
Figure 2 from: Báthori F, Rádai Z, Tartally A (2017) The effect of Rickia wasmannii (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) on the aggression and boldness of Myrmica scabrinodis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 58: 41-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.58.13253
Figure 2 - Tubes used for a boldness and b aggression tests. Arrow indicates the flap which was removed at the beginning of the test.
Figure 4 from: Báthori F, Rádai Z, Tartally A (2017) The effect of Rickia wasmannii (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) on the aggression and boldness of Myrmica scabrinodis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 58: 41-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.58.13253
Figure 4 - Probability if initiating aggressive behaviour in cases of uninfected (N=119) and infected (N=119) workers.
Data set for: Long-term Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure alters anxiety-like behaviour but not boldness in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is an organic pollutant that is commonly detected in wildlife, humans, and the environment. PFOS can cause a variety of toxic effects in zebrafish, however, the impact on complex behaviours like boldness and anxiety-like behaviour is unknown. To investigate the behavioural effects of PFOS in zebrafish, we exposed adult zebrafish to either 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/L PFOS for 40 days. After 20- and 40-days anxiety-like behaviour and boldness were assessed using the novel approach test and novel tank dive test, respectively. After 40- day exposure at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L, PFOS caused a significant increase in time spent in the upper zone and a significant decrease in time spent in the bottom zone of the novel tank dive test, suggesting decreased anxiety-like behaviour compared to controls. Neither 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L had an impact on zebrafish boldness at any time point. Exposure to 1.0 mg/L PFOS significantly decreased locomotion in the novel tank dive test after 20 days, whereas after 40 days there was no impact of PFOS on locomotion at any concentration, indicating potential short-term influences on locomotion. These results suggest chronic PFOS exposure can modulate anxiety-like behaviour, while exploratory activity and locomotion are not altered.</p>
Figure 1 from: Sonet G, Jordaens K, Braet Y, Bourguignon L, Dupont E, Backeljau T, de Meyer M, Desmyter S (2013) Utility of GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) for the identification of forensically important Diptera from Belgium and France. ZooKeys 365: 307-328. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.365.6027
Figure 1 - Best matches obtained for each species using five different search procedures:Barcode fragment (642–658 bp) submitted to GenBank (1) and the public records of BOLD (2); barcode fragment submitted to the species level records of BOLD, including early-released sequences (3); barcode fragment and keyword "barcode" submitted to GenBank (4) and longer COI fragment (1412–1534 bp) submitted to GenBank (5). Numbers of haplotypes used as queries are between parentheses. Longer COI fragments were obtained for all species except for Protophormia terraenovae.
A behavioral syndrome linking boldness and flexibility facilitates invasion success in sticklebacks
<p>Understanding the factors that allow a species to expand their range and adapt to changing habitats is essential for mitigating anthropogenic change. We evaluated how behavior and cognition facilitate colonization of new environments and evolve post establishment during natural biological invasions. Marine threespined sticklebacks are expert colonists with a penchant for invading freshwater environments and rapidly adapting to them. However, the role of behavior in facilitating rapid adaptation in this system has received little attention. By rearing replicate populations of sticklebacks under common garden conditions in the lab, we tested the hypothesis that boldness is favored in dispersers and that neophilia and flexibility are favored in recently-arrived immigrants. We found that dispersing populations comprised bold individuals, while sticklebacks from the invaded region were flexible in their behavior. Moreover, boldness and flexibility were negatively correlated with each another at the individual, family and population levels. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that there is a heritable component to boldness and flexibility, therefore their divergence is likely to be evolutionary in origin. If boldness is favored in invaders during the initial dispersal stage, while flexibility is favored in recent immigrants during the establishment stage, then the link between boldness and flexibility could generate positive correlations between successes during both the dispersal and establishment stages, and therefore play a key role in facilitating colonization success in this important model organism.</p>
Assess the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal Changes in the Brain by Paracetamol as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Subjects With Osteoarthritis (OA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01105936. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet (BOLD) Effects on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00937898. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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