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116 results for “Bird responses”
Data from: Cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni implies a Th17 response
Development of process orientated understanding of cytokine interactions within the gastrointestinal tract during an immune response to pathogens requires experimentation and statistical modelling. The immune response against pathogen challenge depends on the specific threat to the host. Here, we show that broiler chickens mount a breed-dependent immune response to Campylobacter jejuni infection in the caeca by analysing experimental data using frequentist and Bayesian structural equation models (SEM). SEM provides a framework by which cytokine interdependencies, based on prior knowledge, can be tested. In both breeds important cytokines including pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, , IL-4, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4 were expressed post-challenge. The SEM revealed a putative regulatory pathway illustrating a T helper (Th)17 response and regulation of IL-10, which is breed-dependent. The prominence of the Th17 pathway indicates the cytokine response aims to limit the invasion or colonization of an extracellular bacterial pathogen but the time-dependent nature of the response differs between breeds.
Data from: Species-specific responses to habitat conversion across scales synergistically restructure Neotropical bird communities
Ecologists are increasingly exploring methods for preserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Yet because species vary in how they respond to habitat conversion, ecological communities in agriculture and more natural habitats are often distinct. Unpacking the heterogeneity in species responses to habitat conversion will be essential for predicting and mitigating community shifts. Here, we analyze two years of bird censuses at 150 sites across gradients of local land cover, landscape forest amount and configuration, and regional precipitation in Costa Rica to holistically characterize species responses to habitat conversion. Specifically, we used Poisson-binomial mixture models to (1) delineate groups of species that respond similarly to environmental gradients, (2) explore the relative importance of local versus landscape-level habitat conversion, and (3) determine how landscape context influences species' local habitat preferences. We found that species fell into six groups: habitat generalists, abundant and rare forest specialists, and three groups of agricultural specialists that differed in their responses to landscape forest cover, fragmentation, and regional precipitation. Birds were most sensitive to local forest cover, but responses were contingent on landscape context. Specifically, forest specialists benefitted most when local forest cover increased in forested landscapes, while habitat generalists exhibited compensatory dynamics, peaking at sites with either local or landscape-level forest, but not both. Our study demonstrates that species responses to habitat conversion are complex but predictable. Characterizing species-level responses to environmental gradients represents a viable approach for forecasting the winners and losers of global change and designing interventions to minimize the ongoing restructuring of Earth's biota.
Community and species-specific responses of coastal birds to COVID-19 "anthropause" in the largest hypersaline lagoon of South America
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Mismatches between birds' spatial and temporal dynamics reflect their delayed response to global changes
<p>Global changes alter the dynamics of biodiversity, and are forecasted to continue or worsen in the decades to come. Modelling approaches used to anticipate these impacts are mainly based on the equivalence between spatial and temporal response to environmental forcings, generally called space-for-time substitution. However, several processes are known to generate deviations between spatial and temporal responses, potentially undermining the prediction based on space-for-time substitution.</p> <p>We here used high-resolution data from the french breeding bird survey to quantify and map the deviation between spatial and temporal patterns of bird abundances resulting from the dynamics of 124 species monitored in 2133 sites between 2001 and 2012. Using independent empirical data, we then tested specific predictions linked to the determinants (anthropogenic activities) and processes (lagged responses to environmental changes) potentially generating these deviations. We found that deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of abundances were particularly structured in space for bird communities. Following our predictions, these space–time deviations were positively correlated with the human influence on ecosystems, and linked with colonization–extinction ratios and community completeness, two markers of ongoing delayed responses to environmental changes. Our results suggest that the deviations between spatial and temporal patterns are related to recent anthropogenic environmental changes and disequilibrium responses to these changes. Investigating deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity might open promising perspectives for a formal quantification of disequilibrium state of biodiversity at large spatial scale.</p>
Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
<p>Bird assemblages in arid Australia are often characterised as being highly variable through time in response to boom and bust dynamics, although the importance of habitat in structuring assemblages at a local scale is also recognised. We use a novel approach to investigate the importance of rainfall variability in structuring bird assemblages in a resource-limited environment. Monthly bird surveys were conducted at ten plots for eight years at a botanical and zoological park in central Australia, including five irrigated plots within a fenced area and five natural plots outside. Irrigation – used to promote growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants – created an artificial resource-enhanced environment against which the response of birds to natural fluctuations in season and rainfall were compared. Species richness was generally maintained at a higher level in resource-enhanced plots during dry times but was higher in natural sites when rainfall was high, mainly due to increases in granivores and insectivores. Honeyeaters were consistently more abundant at irrigated sites. Rainfall was important in structuring bird assemblages at all plots; however, assemblages were more stable in irrigated plots and did not respond as dramatically to a period of very high rainfall. The comparative smoothing of fluctuations in the composition and abundance of birds in irrigated areas highlights the importance of primary productivity, normally tied to rainfall, in driving temporal change in arid-zone bird communities. There was also evidence that different plots in differing habitats supported distinct bird assemblages and that this spatial distinctiveness persisted irrespective of rainfall and determined, to some extent, the response to rainfall. Our study is one of few long-term studies of arid bird assemblages and highlights the importance of both long-term cycles of productivity driven by rain and season as well as site differences in the dynamics of arid zone bird communities. These insights are particularly valuable as climate change further exacerbates rainfall variability worldwide and initiatives to conserve avifauna in increasingly extreme environments may be required.</p>
Data from: A ground-nesting Galliform’s response to thermal heterogeneity: Implications for ground-dwelling birds
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Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
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Data from: Population transcriptomes reveal synergistic responses of DNA polymorphism and RNA expression to extreme environments on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in a predatory bird
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Data from: Cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni implies a Th17 response
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Data from: Avian malaria and bird humoral immune response
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Data from: Species-specific responses to habitat conversion across scales synergistically restructure Neotropical bird communities
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Mismatches between birds' spatial and temporal dynamics reflect their delayed response to global changes
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Data from: Modelling variability in the fire-response of an endangered bird to improve fire-management
Conservation managers regularly burn vegetation to regenerate habitat for fire-dependent species. When determining the time-since-fire at which to burn, managers model change in a species' occurrence over time, post-fire (fire-response curve) and identify the time-since-fire associated with decline in occurrence. However, where species exhibit variability in their fire-response across space, using a single fire-response curve to determine the timing of burns may lead to burning habitat at an inappropriate time-since-fire. We tested if elevation, local topography, soil properties, vegetation type or evapotranspiration affect the fire-response of the endangered mallee emu-wren Stipiturus mallee and its hummock-grass habitat Triodia scariosa in south-eastern Australia (n= 217). Previous work on the mallee emu-wren found a unimodal fire-response with decline in occurrence at ~30-50 years-since-fire and a time-window of occurrence of ~30 years. We found that time-since-fire and elevation interact to affect the mallee emu-wren fire-response. At high elevations (55-98 m), mallee emu-wrens declined in occurrence at ~50 years-since-fire, with a time-window of occurrence of 20-40 years. However, at low elevations (28-55 m), mallee emu-wrens showed no decline in occurrence with increasing time-since-fire with a time-window of occurrence of up to 107 years. Extent cover of Tall T. scariosa showed similar patterns to the mallee emu-wren, indicating that vegetation structure is a likely driver of variability in the mallee emu-wren fire-response. We speculate that the effect of low elevation is mediated by increased soil nutrient and water availability for key plants. We used our findings to map the appropriate time-since-fire at which to burn to regenerate habitat for the mallee emu-wren across the study-region. We recommend no burning for regeneration across one-third of potential habitat, because the mallee emu-wren showed no decline in occurrence in these areas. We recommend managers model variability in species' fire-responses across space to improve the timing of burns for regeneration.
DATASET_Corticosterone and glucose are correlated and show similar response patterns to temperature and stress in a free-living bird
<p>Dataset linked to the article "Corticosterone and glucose are correlated and show similar response patterns to temperature and stress in a free-living bird", published on Journal of Experimental Biology.</p>
Data from: Modelling variability in the fire-response of an endangered bird to improve fire-management
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Ecological and morphological traits determine community-wide responses of birds to climate change in a tropical dry forest
<p><strong><span>Description</span></strong></p> <p><span>Raw data and species distribution maps for conducting work on bird community changes caused by climate change in the largest block of tropical dry forests in South America. In addition to the R scripts for the climate modeling analyses and the subsequent analyses in the work. </span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span>File contents</span></strong></p> <p><span>Centoids.zip: Data with the centroids of the distributions of each species in the current scenario and the six future climate scenarios.</span></p> <p><span>Climate_valeus_scenrios.zip: Climate variable values for all the cells in the Caatinga grid. </span></p> <p><span>Correlation_species_variable.zip: Correlation for selecting the climate variables used for each species. </span></p> <p><span>Dataset_traits.csv: Species traits used in the analyses. </span></p> <p><span>Maps_species_distributions.zip: Distribution maps for all species, in the current climate scenario and the six future scenarios.</span></p> <p><span>occurrence_birds.zip: Occurrence data used to build the models for each species<br><br>PGLS.html: PGLS analysis correlating the percentage of change in the distribution area of </span><span>each species and species traits.</span></p> <p><span>Species_tree.zip: Species phylogeny built from BirdTree and used as input in PGLS</span></p> <p><span>Species_variables.csv: Individual variables used to build climate models for each species</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.