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146 results for “Carcass”
Carcasses attract invasive species and increase artificial nest predation in a desert environment
<p><span><span>In addition to feeding on animal remains, many scavengers also function as predators. Carcasses may therefore affect local animal communities by attracting facultative scavengers and increasing predation risk for other species in the vicinity of the carcasses. This risk may be elevated in low productivity environments, especially where humans increase carcass production and where facultative scavengers include </span>invasive species. In June and October 2018, we monitored experimentally placed red kangaroo (</span><em>Osphranter rufus</em>) carcasses and artificial bird nests in two different habitats in the Simpson Desert, Australia, to identify the nest predators attracted to the carcasses, and to determine how carcasses affect overall and predator-specific nest predation. We modelled our nests to approximate those of the ground nesting little buttonquail (<em>Turnix velox</em>) and the endangered night parrot (<em>Pezoporus occidentalis</em>). Native <em>Corvus</em> spp. and then invasive red foxes (<span><em>Vulpes vulpes</em></span>) were the top carcass visitors and nest egg predators. Carcass presence and open habitat increased overall nest predation and fewer artificial parrot nest eggs were depredated compared to those of quail. Open habitat and carcass presence only increased predator-specific nest predation by foxes, but corvid nest predation was highest in June 2018, and for the artificial quail nest types. Foxes were the main predator of eggs from night parrot nests. Our study shows that carcass provisioning by humans may have indirect, deleterious effects on ground nesting birds, and indicates that foxes might pose a greater threat to night parrot populations than previously recognised.</p>
Lethal interactions among forest-grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims
<p>New vertebrate communities are emerging in Europe following the recovery of multiple native predators to highly anthropized landscapes where predator control is still prevalent. While the lack of reference points for these communities creates novel challenges for conservationists and wildlife managers, they also provide opportunities to further our understanding of species interactions. Despite a growing body of evidence, many aspects of interactions among predators remain poorly understood, impairing our ability to anticipate the effects of such changes in predator communities. Through a systematic literature review, we gathered all the available evidence concerning the existence, strength, and demographic impacts of lethal predator interactions among forest grouse predators in Europe. We found a highly interconnected predator community, with 44 pairwise lethal interactions among 12 taxa. Three of these resulted in some degree of population suppression of the victim, while another three did not. However, most interactions (38) have not been evaluated for population suppression. Additionally, we highlight how predators interact simultaneously with a large range of other predators and identified at least two further species likely suppressed through the combined impacts of multiple predators. We propose that interactions causing demographic suppression are characterized by impacts on individuals with high survival elasticity, and that they are motivated by food limitation and additionally, in mammals, by competition for carcasses. Predator interactions, and our still poor understanding of them, introduce large uncertainties to conservation actions based on the management of predator abundances, which should be carefully evaluated.</p>
Figs. 9–10. Antennomeres 9–11. 9 in Two Evaniosomini Species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Associated with Decaying Carcasses in Argentina, with Remarks on the Tribal Assignment of Achanius Erichson
Figs. 9–10. Antennomeres 9–11. 9) Thinobatis rufipes rufipes; 10) Vaniosus profana.
FIGURE 5 in Arthropod Succession On Pig Carcasses In Southeastern Nigeria
FIGURE 5: Arthropod succession on carcass under shade.
FIGURE 1 in Arthropod Succession On Pig Carcasses In Southeastern Nigeria
FIGURE 1: Map of Southeastern Nigeria showing position of Uyo.
FIGURE 4 in Arthropod Succession On Pig Carcasses In Southeastern Nigeria
FIGURE 4: Arthropod succession on exposed pig carcass.
No evidence for increased fitness of offspring from multigenerational effects of parental size or natal carcass size in the burying beetle Nicrophorus marginatus
<p>Multigenerational effects (often called maternal effects) are components of the offspring phenotype that result from the parental phenotype and the parental environment as opposed to heritable genetic effects. Multigenerational effects are widespread in nature and are often studied because of their potentially important effects on offspring traits. Although multigenerational effects are commonly observed, few studies have addressed whether they affect offspring fitness. In this study we assess the effect of potential multigenerational effects of parental body size and natal carcass size on lifetime fitness in the burying beetle, <i>Nicrophorus marginatus</i> (Coleoptera; Silphidae). Lifespan, total number of offspring, and number of offspring in the first reproductive bout were not significantly related to parental body size or natal carcass size. However, current carcass size used for reproduction was a significant predictor for lifetime number of offspring and number of offspring in the first brood. We find no evidence that multigenerational effects from larger parents or larger natal carcasses contribute to increased fitness of offspring.</p>
Data from: Vertebrate scavenging dynamics differ between carnivore and herbivore carcasses in the northern boreal forest
<p>Vertebrate scavenging can impact food web dynamics, but our understanding of this process stems predominantly from monitoring herbivore carrion and extrapolating results across carcass types. Recent evidence suggests carnivores may avoid intraguild scavenging to reduce parasite transmission. If this behavior is widespread across diverse ecosystems, estimation of nutrient cycling and community scavenging rates are likely biased to a currently unknown degree. We examined whether the time to initiate scavenging, carcass persistence, or the richness of species scavenging in the boreal forest of Yukon, Canada, differed between carnivore and herbivore carcasses. Vertebrates took longer to initiate scavenging on carnivore carcasses (3.2 days) relative to herbivore carcasses (1.1 days), and carnivore carcasses persisted on the landscape for over a month longer (48.4 days and 5.5 days, respectively). The longer persistence times were due to the reduction in scavenging by carnivores such as Canada lynx (<i>Lynx canadensis</i>). Decreased scavenging was caused by changes in the propensity to consume carnivore carrion, as the number of species detecting a carcass within the first week did not differ between carnivore and herbivore carcasses. These results have ramifications for our understanding of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics in the boreal forest, and provide further support that carcass type should be included in future studies.</p>
Carcass scavenging relaxes chemical-driven female interference competition in flour beetles
<p>Female-female nonsexual interference competition is a major fitness determinant of biased sex-ratio groups with high female density. <span>What strategies can females use to overcome the negative impact of this competition? </span><span>We used flour beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> </span>to answer this question, where competing females <span>from female-biased groups were already known to suppress each other's fecundity by secreting toxic quinones from their stink glands, indicating a unique chemical-driven interference competition. Surprisingly, </span><span>increasing resources</span><span> did not alleviate these fitness costs. Females also did not </span>disperse more from the site of interference competition. Hence, the <span>competition was neither influenced by the total resource availability nor the lack of opportunity to </span>avoid chemical interference<span>. Instead, protein sequestered via scavenging of nutrient-rich carcasses relaxed female competition, by increasing their fecundity and reducing the quinone content. Finally, stink gland components themselves triggered carcass-scavenging and increased fecundity, indicating the possibility of a novel chemical-driven feedback loop</span> to reduce the competition. Taken together, in the present work, we could provide the rare analyses where multiple competing hypotheses were jointly tested to establish carcass-scavenging as an important potential strategy to overcome the fitness costs of intrasexual female interference competition.</p>
Figure 23 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figure 23 - Geographical distribution of sixteen species of Histeridae in Argentina. Provinces: 1 Jujuy: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus (s. str.) lepidus 2 Salta: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) strobeli 3 Chaco: Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei 4 Catamarca: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus (s. str.) richteri 5 La Rioja: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus (s. str.) lepidus, Euspilotus (s. str.) richteri 6 San Juan: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) modestus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) parenthesis, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus. (s. str.) ornatus, Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) diptychus 7 Córdoba: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus 8 Entre Ríos: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus 9 San Luis: Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus (s. str.) ornatus 10 Mendoza: Carcinops (s. str.) troglodytes, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) azureus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) connectens, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) modestus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) parenthesis, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) strobeli, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus(s. str.) lepidus, Euspilotus (s. str.) ornatus, Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus, Euspilotus (s. str.) richteri, Hololepta (Leionota) reichii, Phelister rufinotus, Xerosaprinus diptychus 11 Buenos Aires: Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus 12 Neuquén: Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus 13 Chubut: Carcinops (s. str.) troglodytes, Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) modestus, Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei, Euspilotus (s. str.) ornatus, Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus, Euspilotus(s. str.) richteri.
Figures 19-22 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figures 19-22 - Habitus in dorsal view. 19 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) modestus 20 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) parenthesis 21 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) connectens 22 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) azureus. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figures 11-12 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figures 11-12 - Protibia in dorsal view. 11 Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus 12 Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) diptychus.
Figure 1 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figure 1 - Saprininae, schematic. Pronotum and elytra, oblique lateral view (taken from Lackner 2010).
Figures 5-10 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figures 5-10 - Habitus in dorsal view. 5Carcinops (Carcinops) troglodytes 6 Hololepta (Leionota) reichii. 7 Phelister rufinotus 8 Euspilotus (s. str.) lacordairei 9 Euspilotus (s. str.) patagonicus 10 Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) diptychus. Scale bars: 2 mm. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figures 3-4 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figures 3-4 - Prosternum in ventral view. 3 Carcinops (Carcinops) troglodytes 4 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) modestus.
Figures 13-18 from: Aballay F, Arriagada G, Flores G, Centeno N (2013) An illustrated key to and diagnoses of the species of Histeridae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina. ZooKeys 261: 61-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.261.4226
Figures 13-18 - Habitus in dorsal view. 13 Euspilotus (s. str.) richteri 14 Euspilotus (s. str.) lepidus 15 Euspilotus (s. str.) ornatus 16 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) caesopygus 17 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) strobeli 18 Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) pavidus. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Data from: Beyond BACI: offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines
<p>Here, the count data underlying the paper "Beyond BACI: offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines" (to be published in <span>"Ecology and Evolution", Mercker&Jödicke, 2021) </span>are given. In particular, we provide flight intensity data for Starling, Geese Gulls, and Doves (i.e., data from those analyzed bird species(complexes) where statistical analyses indicate a violation of the BACI assumption of synchronicity (p < 0.1)), as well as Geese flight and carcass data (the latter structurally underlying the simulation study presented in our work). We kindly thank the TenneT TSO GmbH for providing carcass and bird flight data.</p>
Figure 4 in Formicidae fauna in pig carcasses contaminated by insecticide: implications for forensic entomology
Figure 4 AntDorymyrmex brunneus feeding of the entomofauna attracted to the carcass (A);Pheidole ants feeding of the carcass (B);Pheidole ants preying immature of dipterans (C).
Data from: Beyond BACI: offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines
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No evidence for increased fitness of offspring from multigenerational effects of parental size or natal carcass size in the burying beetle Nicrophorus marginatus
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