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214 results for “Climatic variables”
Data accompanying "Diurnal variability of the upper ocean simulated by a climate model"
<p>Data used for creating figures in the draft article "Diurnal variability of the upper ocean simulated by a climate model". This includes:</p> <ul> <li>Multi-year, monthly mean diurnal cycle metrics at all model grid points.</li> <li>Monthly mean diurnal cycle data for individual years at selected locations.</li> </ul> <p>Code used to create these data files, and to create the plots, is in a Github repository (https://github.com/JackReevesEyre/cfs-analysis-gaea/). The repository is also archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7846095).</p>
Data from: Environmental and climate variability drive population size of annual penaeid shrimp in a large lagoonal estuary
<p>Species with short life spans frequently show a close relationship between population abundance and environmental variation making these organisms potential indicator species of climatic variability. White (<em>Penaeus</em> <em>setiferus</em>), brown (<em>P</em>. <em>aztecus</em>), and pink (<em>P</em>. <em>duorarum</em>) penaeid shrimp typically have an annual life history and are of enormous ecological, cultural, and economic value to the southeastern United States and Gulf of Mexico. Within North Carolina, all three species rely on the Pamlico Sound, a large estuarine system that straddles Cape Hatteras, one of the most significant climate and biogeographic breaks in the world, as a nursery area. These characteristics make penaeid species within the Pamlico Sound a critical species-habitat complex for assessing climate impacts on fisheries. However, a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the environmental conditions that influence penaeid shrimp populations has been lacking in North Carolina. In this study, we used more than 30 years of data from two fishery-independent trawl surveys in the Pamlico Sound to examine the spatial distribution and abundance of adult brown, white, and pink shrimp and the environmental drivers associated with adult shrimp abundance and juvenile brown shrimp recruitment using numerical models. Brown shrimp recruitment models demonstrate that years with higher temperature, salinity, offshore windstress, and North Atlantic Oscillation phase predict increased abundance of juveniles. Additionally, models predicting adult brown, white, and pink shrimp abundance illustrate the importance of winter temperatures, windstress, salinity, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, and the abundance of spawning adult populations from the previous year on shrimp abundance. Our findings show a high degree of variability in shrimp abundance is explained by climate and environmental variation and indicate the importance of understanding these relationships in order to predict the impact of climate variability within ecosystems and develop climate-based adaptive management strategies for marine populations.</p>
Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis
<p><span>Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle and may result in changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Although the effects of changes in precipitation amount and inter-annual precipitation variability on terrestrial plant productivity and carbon sequestration have been well studied, how intra-annual precipitation variability affects terrestrial ecosystem function remains unclear. </span><span>Here, we synthesized field manipulative experiments from 71 publications to quantify the effects of intra-annual precipitation variability increases (IPVI) on community biomass and plant diversity in grasslands worldwide. </span><span>At the global scale, we found that IPVI generally increased grassland community aboveground biomass (AGB) by 6%, and decreased grass biomass and soil ammonium nitrogen by 12% and 31%, respectively. IPVI stimulated AGB, belowground biomass, and plant species richness in arid regions, but not changed them in humid regions. Changes in AGB under IPVI were related to changes in the biomass of plant functional groups, species richness, and soil moisture. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that that climate conditions (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation) and background soil properties (soil sand content and soil organic carbon content) jointly regulated grassland AGB responses to IPVI across climate types.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Overall, our study shows that grassland productivity and diversity may increase under IPVI in arid climates, and that humid grasslands may be highly resistant to the effects of IPVI. These findings have important implications for understanding ecosystem carbon cycling under global precipitation change scenarios.</span></p>
Data for "Climatic Constraints of Spring Phenology and its Variability on the Mongolian Plateau from 1982 to 2021"
<p>The files named "SOSmean_Mongolia Plateau", derived from the GIMMS NDVI3g dataset (1982-2015) and the extended GIMMS NDVI (2016-2021) (i.e., NDVI for 40-year). </p>
Data from: Elevational range sizes of woody plants increase with climate variability in the Tropical Andes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>:<strong> </strong>The climate variability hypothesis proposes that species subjected to wide variation in climatic conditions will evolve wider niches, resulting in larger distributions. We test this hypothesis in tropical plants across a broad elevational gradient; specifically, we use a species-level approach to evaluate whether elevational range sizes are explained by the levels of thermal variability experienced by species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>:<strong> </strong>Central Andes</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>:<strong> </strong>Present day</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Woody plants</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Combining data from 479 forest plots, we determined the elevational distributions of nearly 2300 species along an elevational gradient (~209 – 3800 m). For each species, we calculated the maximum annual variation in temperature experienced across its elevational distribution. We used phylogenetic generalized least square models to evaluate the effect of thermal variability on range size. Our models included additional covariates that might affect range size: body size, local abundance, mean temperature and total precipitation. We also considered interactions between thermal variability and mean temperature or precipitation. To account for geometric constraints, we repeated our analyses with a standardized measure of range size, calculated by comparing observed range sizes with values obtained from a null model. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Our results supported the main prediction of the climate variability hypothesis. Thermal variability had a strong positive effect on the range size, with species exposed to higher thermal variability having broader elevational distributions. Body size and local abundance also had positive, yet weak effects, on elevational range size. Furthermore, there was a strong positive interaction between thermal variability and mean annual temperature.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Thermal variability had an overriding importance in driving elevational range sizes of woody plants in the Central Andes. Moreover, the relationship between thermal variability and range size might be even stronger in warmer regions, underlining the potential vulnerability of tropical montane floras to the effects of global warming.</p>
Data from: Evolved phenological cueing strategies show variable responses to climate change
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Resource-related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population-level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm
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Data from: Cascading effects of climate variability on the breeding success of an edge population of an apex predator
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Data from: Variable effects of climate on forest growth in relation to climate extremes, disturbance, and forest dynamics
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Data and R code for: Linking climate variability to demography in cooperatively breeding meerkats
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Data from: Elevational range sizes of woody plants increase with climate variability in the Tropical Andes
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Elevational and local climate variability predicts thermal breadth of mountain tropical tadpoles
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Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
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Data from: Precipitation and temperature timings underlying bioclimatic variables rearrange under climate change globally
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Variable influence of photosynthetic thermal acclimation on future carbon uptake in Australian wooded ecosystems under climate change
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Niche modelling and correlation analyses of climate variables
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Data from: The thermal breadth of temperate and tropical freshwater insects supports the climate variability hypothesis
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Grasshopper species’ seasonal timing underlies shifts in community phenological overlap in response to climate gradients, variability, and change
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Support for the climatic variability hypothesis depends on the type of thermal plasticity: lessons from predation rates
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Data for: The climatic variability hypothesis and trade–offs in thermal performance in coastal and inland populations of Mimulus guttatus
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