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2,079 results for “Cold”
Fig. 2 in Changes In The Trophic Structure Of The Vertebrate Predator Community In The Cold Season In Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus) With Emphasis On Depopulation Of The Wild Boar, Sus Scrofa (Artiodactyla, Suida)
Fig. 2. Th e Golden and White-tailed Eagles feed regularly on carrion and physical interference takes place quite often.
Fig. 1 in Changes In The Trophic Structure Of The Vertebrate Predator Community In The Cold Season In Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus) With Emphasis On Depopulation Of The Wild Boar, Sus Scrofa (Artiodactyla, Suida)
Fig. 1. Dietary similarity of 17 vertebrate predators in the cold season in Belarussian Paazerje, 1972–2012.
Fig. 4 in Changes In The Trophic Structure Of The Vertebrate Predator Community In The Cold Season In Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus) With Emphasis On Depopulation Of The Wild Boar, Sus Scrofa (Artiodactyla, Suida)
Fig. 4. Dietary similarity of 10 vertebrate predators in the cold season in Belarussian Paazerje, 2013–2019.
Structure and Mechanism of a Cold-Adapted Bacterial Lipase
<p>Input files and structures used to obtain computational results published in:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00087?urlappend=%3Fref%3DPDF&jav=AM&rel=cite-as">Structure and Mechanism of a Cold-Adapted Bacterial Lipase</a><br> DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00087</p> <p>See included README file and publication for more details.</p> <p>Funding<br> This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council<br> (VR), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the<br> Research Council of Norway through a Centre of Excellence<br> and project grant (Grant Nos. 262695 and 274858).<br> Computational resources were provided by the Swedish<br> National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)</p>
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
<p><span>Aim:</span><span> "Where and why does a species exist" is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the low temperature range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high-elevation habitats across the European Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Location:</span><span> Alpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Taxon:</span><span> Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae), named by the genus name hereafter.</span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> Carex </span><span>and Nardus clearly segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry (pH, C/N-ratio, phosphorus) did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (-13 °C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration less than 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below -5 °C. During the growing season, leaves of Carex had a higher freezing resistance with LT50 of -16.1 °C than those of Nardus with LT50 of -13.3 °C (LT50: lethal temperature for 50% of the tissue). Tetrazolium staining in shoots also revealed a higher freezing resistance in Carex compared to Nardus, and shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex -30 °C, Nardus -24 °C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter. Regrowth after severe frost events requires intact vessels and roots, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.</span></p> <p><span>Main conclusions:</span><span> The cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoid species are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.</span></p>
Code and data for "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm- and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss"
<pre>This repository contains the following information: Datasets S1 to S4 can all be loaded, manipulated, and analysed in R using script provided in Data S5 to obtain the results of the paper, Reddin et al. 2022, "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss". Data S1. (separate file) The original downloaded PaleoDB dataset. Data S2. (separate file) The pre-prepared dataset of occurrences. Data S3. (separate file) The finished environmental dataset. Data S4. (separate file) Additional environmental dataset. Data S5. (separate file) The R-code for the main analysis. Data S6. (compressed directory) Output data and code from the simulations. Table S7 (separate file). List of data source publications for PaleoDB data used in our study. Listed are the data source author list (ref_author), year (ref_pubyr), and reference number as appears in the PaleoDB (reference_no). </pre>
Inhibitory Kcnip2 neurons of the spinal dorsal horn control behavioral sensitivity to environmental cold
<p>Excel file containing datasets for all Figures published in the article "Inhibitory Kcnip2 neurons of the spinal dorsal horn control behavioral sensitivity to environmental cold" by Albisetti et al.</p>
Fig. 1 in INSUFFICIENT COLD RESISTANCE AND THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE DISTRIBUTION RANGE OF ANT LASIUS FULIGINOSUS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Fig. 1. Supercooling points (SCP) distributions of the Lasius fuliginosus from 3 nests from the environs of the Novosibirsk. In the right upper corner of the picture there is a number of the nest.
Data archive: Trophic structure of cold-water coral communities revealed from the analysis of tissue isotopes and fatty acid composition
<p>Data belonging to the paper: </p> <p>Dick van Oevelen, Gerard C. A. Duineveld, Marc S. S. Lavaleye, Tina Kutti and Karline Soetaert (2017) Trophic structure of cold-water coral communities revealed from the analysis of 55 tissue isotopes and fatty acid composition. Marine Biology Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1398404</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The trophic structure of cold-water coral reef communities at two contrasting locations, the 800-<br> m deep Belgica Mounds (Irish margin) and 300-m deep Træna reefs (Norwegian Shelf), was<br> investigated using stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty-acid composition analysis. A<br> broad range of specimens, with emphasis on (commercial) fish species, and organic matter<br> sources were sampled using a variety of tools. Irrespective of the environmental and<br> geographical setting, the δ15N values indicated that the food web encompasses roughly 1.5<br> to 3 trophic levels. Mobile echinoderms, i.e. sea urchins and sea stars, had highest δ15N<br> values, indicative of a high trophic position in the food web. The fraction of bacterial fatty<br> acids in reef fauna was generally low (<5%), indicating that enhanced bacterial production in<br> the water column through seafloor seepage of nutrients (‘hydraulic theory’) does not form a<br> significant energy pathway into the food web. The high fraction of algal and essential fatty<br> acids in reef fauna and fish at both locations indicates a close coupling with surface<br> productivity, but the transport mechanism depends on the hydrographic setting. At Træna,<br> Calanus copepods and euphausiids form an additional link between primary production and<br> fish, which is largely absent at Belgica Mounds. At Belgica Mounds, the reef community is<br> primarily supported by phytodetritus, as evidenced by the high contribution of algal fatty<br> acids in faunal tissue and seasonal chlorophyll a deposition and marine snow at the reef. The<br> environmental setting of cold-water coral reefs influences the structure of the associated<br> food web.</p>
Figure 1. HMM to describe a relation between the states Med. and High with the observations (invisible states) cold and hot.-Neuroevolution Mechanism for Hidden Markov Model
<p>The advantage of using this technique is that MCPRs are very useful in real time<br> applications and can be adapted over time based on the obtained experience of the networking<br> working process. Again Hewahi[6] proposed a mechanism (algorithm) to evolve and select the best<br> suitable HMM for a given problem using GA, this mechanism lacks to the training process that can<br> be of great usefulness in finding the best HMM.<br> Based on the above mentioned research, the importance of using HMM is increasing<br> rapidly.<br> Let us consider the HMM presented in Figure 1.</p>
Figure 5. Mutation process. This is happened by decreasing 0.2 from Med-Cold probability and adding 0.2 to Med- Hot.-Genetic Algorithms Principles Towards Hidden Markov Model
<p>Figure 5 illustrates an example of mutation process. In Figure 5, Med-Cold:0.9 and Med-Hot:0.1<br> before mutation and become Med-Cold:0.7 and Med-Hot:0.3 after mutation. This is done by<br> decreasing 0.2 from Med-Cold probability and adding 0.2 to Med-Hot probability.</p>
Figure 1. HMM to describe a relation between the states Med. and High with the observations (invisible states) cold and hot.-Genetic Algorithms Principles Towards Hidden Markov Model
<p>Hewahi [4] presented a modified version of Censored Production Rule (CPR) called<br> Modified Censored Production Rules (MCPR). CPR is proposed by Michalski and Winston [6 ] to<br> capture real time situations. MCPR can fit with hidden Markov model and present a scheme to<br> compute the certainty values of the obtained conclusions out of the induced rules. To compute the<br> certainty values for the rule actions (conclusions), the approach exploited only the probability<br> values associated with the hidden Markov model without using any of the other well known<br> certainty computation approaches. Hewahi [3] also proposed an intelligent networking<br> management system based on the induced MCPRs extracted from a networking structure based on<br> HMM. The advantage of using this technique is that MCPRs are very useful in real time<br> applications and can be adapted over time based on the obtained experience of the networking<br> working process.<br> Let us consider the HMM presented in Figure 1.</p>
Modeling abrupt excursions in water vapor isotopic variability during cold fronts at the Pointe Benedicte observatory in Amsterdam Island / Model dataset
<p>Water vapor mixing ratios, isotopic composition of water vapor and precipitations associated with the manuscript:</p> <div> <div>Landais, A., Agosta, C., Vimeux, F., Magand, O., Solis, C., Cauquoin, A., Dutrievoz, N., Risi, C., Leroy-Dos Santos, C., Fourré, E., Cattani, O., Jossoud, O., Minster, B., Prié, F., Casado, M., Dommergue, A., Bertrand, Y., and Werner, M.: Abrupt excursions in water vapor isotopic variability at the Pointe Benedicte observatory on Amsterdam Island, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4611–4634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4611-2024, 2024.</div> </div>
Responsiveness to cold snaps by turtle embryos depends on exposure timing and duration
<p>Characterizing how organisms respond to transient temperatures may further our understanding of their susceptibility to climate change. In animals with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), unusual transient temperatures during incubation result in sex bias and may therefore impair population breeding capacity. Past studies in the red-eared slider turtle (<em>Trachemys scripta</em>) have demonstrated that the timing and duration of heat exposure ("heat waves") can have major implications for the response of genes involved in gonadal development and the production of female hatchlings. Yet, no study has considered how the response of these genes to transient cold exposure ("cold snaps") may affect gene expression and influence the resulting production of males.</p> <p>We investigated how cold snap timing and duration affect gonadal gene expression in <em>T. scripta</em> embryos. Additionally, we explored the effect of early cold snap exposure duration on resulting hatchling sex ratios. Results show that responsiveness to cool temperatures changes rapidly across development, such that genes that responded to cold snaps when exposure began on incubation day 14 responded differently when cold exposure occurred just 4 to 8 days later. The sex ratio experiment revealed that embryos experiencing an early cold snap also require a long exposure (> 20 days) before most commit to testis development, further suggesting that early development under warm temperatures may lower their sensitivity to later cold snaps. These results highlight how individual responses to incubation temperature can change rapidly across development in turtles and have important effects on sex ratios. We discuss how variation in responsiveness to transient temperatures might help maintain mixed-sex ratios under variable thermal conditions in nature and may permit adaptive population responses to climate change.</p>
Fig. 7 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 7. Cladogram of relationships between Neolepadidae, Pedupycnolepas and Etcheslepas, using heuristic unconstrained analysis optimised to deltran and based on characters listed in Table 1. Values are for Bremer support/bootstrap.
Fig. 6 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 6. Comparative morphology (capitula in lateral view) of neolepadids and other genera of pedunculated thoracicans. A. Etcheslepas durotrigensis Gale, 2014; Tithonian (Upper Jurassic), UK. B. Pedupycnolepas articulata (Collins, 1980); Aptian (Lower Cretacous), Antarctica. C. Ashinkailepas seepiophila Yamaguchi, Newman, and Hashimoto, 2004; Recent, Japan. D. Leucolepas longa Southward and Jones, 2003; Recent, Pacific. E. Neolepas zevinae Newman, 1979; Recent, Pacific. F. Vulcanolepas osheai Buckeridge, 2000; Recent, New Zealand. G. Litholepas klausreschi Nagler, Haug, Glenner, and Buckeridge, 2017; Tithonian (Upper Jurassic), Germany. H. Pycnolepas rigida (Sowerby, 1836); Albian (Lower Cretaceous), UK. I. Stipilepas molerensis Carriol in Carriol et al., 2016; Eocene of Denmark.
Fig. 5 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 5. Comparative morphology of neolepadid cirripede Ashinkailepas indica Gale sp. nov. (A, D, G) from Late Pleistocene, Krishna-Godavari Basin, off shore India, and other cirripedes. A. NHMUK IC 1412, paratype, scutum. D. NHMUK IC 1410, paratype, tergum. G. NHMUK IC 1404, paratype, upper latus. B, C, F. Brachylepadid Pycnolepas rígida (J. de C. Sowerby, 1836) from Gault Clay, Upper Albian (Lower Cretaceous), Naccolt, Kent, UK (based on B, Gale 2014b: fig. 4S; C, Gale 2014b: fig. 4Q; F, Gale 2014b: fig. 4R). B. NHMUK IC 1034, scutum. C. NHMUK IC 1032, tergum. F. NHMUK IC 1033, upper latus. E. Brachylepadid Faxelepas bruennichi (Withers, 1914) from Paleocene, Danian, Faxe, Denmark (based on Gale 2014b: fig. 6A). NHMUK IC 1019, scutum. H. Brachylepadid Pedupycnolepas pulcher Gale, 2019 from Endemoceras amblygonium Zone, Hauterivian (Lower Cretaceous), Engelbostel, near Hannover, Germany (based on Gale 2019b: fig. 11B). NHMUK IC 1397, holotype, tergum. I–K. Zeugmatolepadid capitula of Etcheslepas durotrigensis Gale, 2014 from Pectinatites pectinatus Zone, Tithonian (Upper Jurassic), Freshwater Steps, Kimmeridge, Dorset, UK. I, J. MIJML coll. unnumbered (based on Gale 2019a: fig. 2C, D). K. MIJML K1261, holotype (based on Gale 2014a: fig. 1). All in external view. Abbreviations: r, rostrum; s, scutum; rl, rostrolatus; ul, upper latus.
Fig. 3 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 3. Capitular plates of neolepadid cirripede Ashinkailepas indica Gale sp. nov. from Late Pleistocene (52.6 ka), Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India (A–G) and living species of the genus (H, I). A–F. Capitular plates of paratypes. A. NHMUK IC 1402, tergum in external (A1) and internal (A2) views. B. NHMUK IC 1403 small tergum in external view. C. NHMUK IC 1404, upper latus in external view. D. NHMUK IC 1405, carina in dorsal (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. NHMUK IC 1406, small scutum in internal (E1) and external (E2) views. F. NHMUK IC1407, rostrum in ventral view. G. Recent Ashinkailepas seepiophila Yamaguchi, Newman, and Hashimoto, 2004 from near Sagami Bay, Japan. USNM 1018131, paratype in lateral (right side) view (based on Yamaguchi et al. 2004: fig. 4). H. Recent Ashinkailepas kermadecensis Buckeridge, 2009 from Kermadec Ridge, northeast of North Island, New Zealand. NIWA 44722, holotype in lateral view (based on Buckeridge 2009: pl. 1: 5).
Fig. 4 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 4. Plates of neolepadid cirripede Ashinkailepas indica Gale sp. nov. from Late Pleistocene, 52.6 ka) Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India. A–C. External views of terga. A. NHMUK IC 1408. B. NHMUK IC 1409, holotype. C. NHMUK IC 1410. D. NHMUK IC 1411, carina in dorsal view. E. NHMUK IC 1412, scutum external (E1) and internal (E2) views. F. NHMUK IC 1413, small scutum in external view, with predatory gastropod drillhole Oichnus paraboloides Bromley, 1981. I. NHMUK IC 1416, upper latus in external view, with predatory boring made by gastropod. J. NHMUK IC 1417, rostrum in ventral view. G, H, K–M. NHMUK IC 1414, 1415, 1417–1419, respectively, peduncular plates in external (G, L, K) and internal (H, M) views.
Fig. 2 in A new neolepadid cirripede from a Pleistocene cold seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India
Fig. 2. Fossil taxa assigned to Neolepadidae. A, B.?Neolepas augurata Buckeridge and Grant-Mackie, 1885 (original of Buckeridge and Grant-Mackie 1985: figs. 2, 3); Sinemurian–Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic), New Caledonia. A. University of Auckland Geology Department UoA A291a, b, external mould of tergum. B. University of Auckland Geology Department UoA A292a, b, external mould of scutum. This is here tentatively interpreted as an eolepadid. C. Toarcolepas mutans Gale and Schweigert, 2015 (SMNS 26029); Toarcian (Jurassic), Harpoceras falciferum Zone, Zell u. Aichelberg, Germany; reconstruction based upon type material (Gale and Schweigert 2015: fig. 5). D. Litholepas klausreschi Nagler, Haug, Glenner, and Buckeridge, 2017; Tithonian (Upper Jurassic), Hybernoticeras hybernotum Zone, Eichstatt, Germany; D2, SMNS 70388/5 (decolourised original of Nagler et al. 2017: fig. 5B). I am unable to identify the upper latus, marked "l" in their figure; D1, reconstruction (mirrored for comparison with C). E. Concinnalepas costata (Withers, 1928) (NHMUK IC 1103); Kimmeridge Clay, 2 m beneath Freshwater Stone Band, Pectinatites pectinatus Zone, Tithonian (Upper Jurassic), Kimmeridge, Dorset, UK; fragmentary capitulum, showing scutum, tergum, and two lateral plates (based on original of Gale 2014: fig. 6l). Abbreviations: c, carina; l, upper latus; p, peduncle; r, rostrum; s, scutum;; t, tergum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.