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Figure 17 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species

Figure 17. Leucothoe bonelliae: (A, B) holotype (SMBL-V0661), (C, D) paratype SMBL-V0662: (A) left gnathopod 2, medial; (B) left gnathopod 2, lateral, omitted setae; (C) left gnathopod 2, medial; (D) left gnathopod, 2, lateral, omitted setae. Scale bar = 100 µm.

Figure 5 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species

Figure 5. Bonellia sp. aff. minor and its burrow associates (Basterotia bonelliphila, Leucothoe bonelliae, and Oxydromus fauveli) in dead coral rock. The inside of the burrows is partly occupied by sandy sediments collected by Bo. sp. aff. minor.

Figure 8 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species

Figure 8. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Basterotia bivalves, including Basterotia bonelliphila, based on the combined dataset of four genes (18S + 28S + COI + H3). Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities followed by maximum likelihood bootstrap support values.

Figure 19 in Living together in dead coral rocks: macrosymbiotic communities associated with Bonellia echiuran worms (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae), involving new commensal bivalve and amphipod species

Figure 19. Leucothoe bonelliae holotype (SMBL-V0661): (A) left pleopod 1, dorsal, omitted plumose setae; (B) left pleopod 2, dorsal, omitted plumose setae; (C) left pleopod 3, dorsal, omitted plumose setae; (D) left uropod 1, lateral; (E) left uropod 2, lateral; (F) left uropod 3, lateral. Scale = 100 µm.

Fig. 4 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 4 The distributions of the three putative species, plotted on an annual precipitation layer (BIOCLIM 12) to indicate the wet zone

Fig. 3 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 3 Lateral view of the head of specimens. a CES17213 (wet zone I. braminus), b CES151013 (dry zone I. braminus), c CES16711 (I. pammeces). R= rostral, PN = pre-nasal, NA = nasal, PO = pre-ocular, SL 1–4 = Supralabial scales 1–4

Fig. 9 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 9 Coalescent species tree built using seven nuclear markers (AMEL, BDNF, CMOS, CAND1, NT3, RAG1, and ZEB2) in *BEAST. The nodes with posterior probability≥ 0.8 are indicated with a solid black circle

Fig. 6 in A widespread commensal loses its identity: suggested taxonomic revision for Indotyphlops braminus (Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) based on molecular data

Fig. 6 Bayesian assignment of the 25 individuals to three populations based on the, using STRUCTURE. The individual ids are indicated below each bar, and the y-axis is the posterior probability. The three putative species are indicated below the individual ids

opennotspecifiedJun 2024View details →

FIG. 1 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape

FIG. 1. Number of unique observations of vertebrate burrow commensals by taxonomic group (top left), reptile and amphibian species (top right), bird species (bottom left), and mammal species (bottom right). Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018– 2019.

opennotspecifiedJun 2024View details →

FIG. 3 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape

FIG. 3. Three axes of non-metric multidimensional scaling of the vertebrate commensal community across abandoned (blue), active (yellow), and inactive (gray) Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows. Species detected are represented by the black points. Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018–2019.

opennotspecifiedJun 2024View details →

FIG. 2 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape

FIG. 2. Rarefaction curves of species richness during 2018 and 2019. Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018–2019.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Dataset for publication ("Bacterial microcompartment utilisation in the human commensal Escherichia coli Nissle 1917")

Experimental dataset used to create Figures 2-5 of manuscript: "Bacterial microcompartment utilisation in the human commensal Escherichia coli Nissle 1917".

opennotspecifiedSep 2013View details →

Figure 1 in Commensal association of piscivorous birds with foraging otters in southeastern Brazil, and a comparison with such a relationship of piscivorous birds with cormorants

Figure 1. Piscivorous birds associated with the Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) and Neotropic cormorants (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) in an urban impounded habitat in southeastern Brazil. (A) several snowy egrets (Egretta thula) follow the movements of a foraging otter along the mammal's hunting site: an outfall pool with slow-moving water, a steep bank on the right (background) and a sandbank on the left (not visible); (B) even the wake created by the foraging otter while surfacing caused fish to flee to the shallows or to surface; (C) perched on branches overhanging the pool, a black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and an egret follow the movements of a foraging otter to prey on fish disturbed by the mammal's activity; (D) an egret follows the movements of three cormorants foraging on another occasion in the same pool; (E) two egrets follow a group of cormorants that was foraging close to the bank of the pond, where a few egrets and a great heron (Ardea alba) are still waiting for any disturbed fish that remain in the shallows; (F) two flying egrets advance along the probable path of foraging cormorants, while the remaining birds wait for the cormorants to approach the bank of the pond to prey on flushed fish. Photos by Giulia D'Angelo (A, B, D) and Ivan Sazima (C, E, F).

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Host associated transmission favors transition of a commensal toward antagonism

The impacts of host-associated microbes for their hosts varies along a continuum of antagonistic, neutral, and beneficial interactions. Transmission mode is predicted to contribute to transitions along the continuum by altering opportunities for the alignment of host and microbe fitness interests. Under vertical transmission, microbial evolution is tightly coupled to the host environment, which may facilitate fitness alignment. In contrast, environmentally transmitted microbes spend time in the external environment, outside of hosts, partially decoupling their evolution from the host. This decoupling may misalign host and microbe fitness interests, potentially favoring antagonistic microbial traits. Here, we tested whether transmission environment alters microbial evolution by manipulating the interaction between a commensal Serratia marcescens bacteria and their insect host Anasa tristis, which are the primary vector of these bacteria into plants, where they cause disease. We experimentally evolved S. marcescens through several selection environments. The bacteria were passaged between A. tristis hosts, between A. tristis hosts and soil, through soil, or through standard culture media. We observed rapid evolution of virulence toward hosts across treatments when bacterial evolution occurred within the host environment, indicating that direct host-to-host transmission can increase opportunities for microbes to adapt to hosts and evolve antagonistic traits.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

opennotspecifiedAug 2023View details →

FIGURE 3 in On some commensal anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Visakhapatnam, Northwestern Bay of Bengal

FIGURE 3. Anomura associated with cnidarians and poriferans collected from Northwestern Bay of Bengal: A, Allogalathea elegans (Adams & White, 1848); B, Petrolisthes lamarckii (Leach, 1820); C, Porcellanella triloba White, 1851; D, Polyonyx hendersoni Southwell, 1909; E, Pisidia gordoni (Johnson, 1970).

opennotspecifiedAug 2023View details →

FIGURE 4 in On some commensal anomuran and brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) off Visakhapatnam, Northwestern Bay of Bengal

FIGURE 4. Brachyura associated with cnidarians collected from northwestern Bay of Bengal: A, Quadrella maculosa Alcock, 1898; B, Quadrella coronata Dana, 1852; C, Sphenomerides trapezioides (Wood-Mason in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891); D, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785).