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592 results for “Cross-Sectional Studies”
Dietary intake among urban adults with diabetes: COPEN (Colombian Nutritional Profiles), a cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in developing countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and to describe its main correlates and associated dietary intake in urban adults from Colombia.</p> <p><strong>Setting: </strong>The Colombian Study of Nutritional Profiles (COPEN) was a population-based, cross-sectional, multi-stage probabilistic sampling survey designed to represent the five main Colombian cities.</p> <p><strong>Participants:</strong> Between June and November 2018, we studied 736 non-pregnant participants aged 18 or older. Diabetes was defined as a random plasma glucose ˃= 200 mg/dL, self-reported prior diagnosis of diabetes or use of any oral or injectable antidiabetic agent(s). Participants also fulfilled a detailed 157-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).</p> <p><strong>Primary and secondary outcome measures:</strong> Prevalence of diabetes, dietary intake of key nutrients, achievement of dietary goals among individuals with diabetes.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall estimated prevalence of diabetes was 10.1%, with no difference by sex (9.6% in women, 10.8% in men, p=0.43). Socioeconomic level (SEL) correlated positively with diabetes prevalence, the absolute difference in prevalence for the highest vs lowest SEL was 5.6%. The association between diabetes and education level depended on sex, diabetes was more prevalent among more educated men and less educated women. Abdominal obesity was associated with a 65% increase in diabetes prevalence among men, and a 163% increase in women. The proportion of non-achievement of dietary intake goals among participants with diabetes was 94.4% for saturated fats, 86.7% for sodium, 84.4% for fiber and 80% for trans fats. In multivariate logistical regression models, age was the strongest independent correlate of diabetes.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-reported diabetes was highly prevalent among Colombian adults, much more than described in most official reports. There were large differences by abdominal obesity status, region of residence, SEL and educational level. The proportion of individuals with diabetes meeting dietary recommendations was alarmingly low.</p>
Health profile of elderly users of a town public program of physical activity: a cross-sectional study
<p>This repository contains the full database generated in the study entitled "Health profile of elderly users of public physical activity programs in the city of Porto Alegre" (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre). This project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in 2018 and carried out between 2018-2020.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Usage of unscheduled hospital care by homeless individuals in Dublin, Ireland: a cross-sectional study
Objectives: Homeless people lack a secure, stable place to live, and experience higher rates of serious illness than the housed population. Studies, mainly from the US, have reported increased use of unscheduled health care by homeless individuals. We compared the use of unscheduled ED and inpatient care between housed and homeless hospital patients in a high-income European setting. Setting: A large university teaching hospital serving the south inner city in Dublin, Ireland. Patient data is collected on an electronic patient record within the hospital. Participants: We carried out an observational cross-sectional study using data on all ED visits (n=47,174) and all unscheduled admissions under the general medical take (n=7,031) in 2015. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The address field of the hospital's electronic patient record was used to identify patients living in emergency accommodation or rough sleeping (hereafter referred to as homeless). Data on demographic details, length of stay and diagnoses was extracted. Results: In comparison to housed individuals in the hospital catchment area, homeless individuals had higher rates of ED attendance (0.16 attendances per person/annum vs 3.0 attendances per person/annum respectively) and inpatient bed days (0.3 bed days per person/annum vs 4.4 bed days per person/annum. The rate of leaving ED before assessment was higher in homeless individuals (40% of ED attendances vs 15% of ED attendances in housed individuals). The mean age of homeless medical inpatients was 44.19 (95% CI 42.98-45.40), whereas that of housed patients was 61.20 (95% CI 60.72-61.68). Homeless patients were more likely to terminate an inpatient admission against medical advice (15% of admissions vs 2% of admissions in homeless individuals). Conclusion: Homeless patients represent a significant proportion of ED attendees and medical inpatients. In contrast to housed patients, the bulk of usage of unscheduled care by homeless people occurs in individuals younger than 65.
Data from: Sleep apnea, sleep debt and daytime sleepiness are independently associated with road accidents: a cross-sectional study on truck drivers
Background: Recent research has found evidence of an association between motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) or near miss accidents (NMAs), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or its main medical cause, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). However, EDS can also be due to non-medical factors, such as sleep debt (SD), which is common among professional truck drivers. On the opposite side, rest breaks and naps are known to protect against accidents. Study objectives: To investigate the association of OSA, SD, EDS, rest breaks and naps, with the occurrence of MVAs and NMAs in a large sample of truck drivers. Methods: 949 male truck drivers took part in a cross-sectional medical examination and were asked to complete a questionnaire about sleep and waking habits, risk factors for OSA and EDS. Results: MVAs and NMAs were reported by 34.8% and 9.2% of participants, respectively. MVAs were significantly predicted by OSA (OR= 2.32 CI95%=1.68-3.20), SD (OR=1.45 CI95%=1.29-1.63), EDS (OR=1.73 CI95%=1.15-2.61) and prevented by naps (OR=0.59 CI95%=0.44-0.79) or rest breaks (OR=0.63 CI95%=0.45-0.89). NMAs were significantly predicted by OSA (OR= 2.39 CI95%=1.47- 3.87) and SD (OR=1.49 CI95%=1.27- 1.76) and prevented by naps (OR=0.52 CI95%=0.32- 0.85) or rest breaks (OR=0.49 CI95%=0.29- 0.82). Conclusions: When OSA, SD or EDS are present, the risk of MVAs or NMAs in truck drivers is severely increased. Taking a rest break or a nap appear to be protective against accidents.
Data from: Voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan: a cross-sectional study in 2015
Objectives: Recently, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in private homes and cars if children are present. However, no previous study has investigated existing, voluntary home and car smoke-free rules in Japan. Therefore, we examined prevalence and determinants of comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Internet survey data with adjustments using inverse probability weighting for 'being a respondent in an internet survey'. Participants: 5600 respondents aged 15-69 years in 2015 were analyzed to estimate weighted percentages and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of having comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. Main outcome measures: Respondents who answered 'smoking is never allowed' in their home or car were defined as having home and car smoke-free rules. Results: Overall, 47.0% (95% CI = 45.8–48.3) of respondents implemented comprehensive home and car smoke-free rules. People who agreed with 'smoking relieves stress' were less likely to have comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=0.76 [0.71–0.82]), especially among ever-users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (PR=0.49 [0.30–0.81]). Higher education was significantly associated with higher PR for comprehensive smoke-free rules (PR=1.30 [1.19–1.41]). Living with children was significantly associated with higher PR for smoke-free rules among current smokers than not living with children. Among never and former smokers, electronic device ever-users were less likely to have smoke-free rules than non-users (PR=2.91 [1.99–4.27]). Conclusions: In Japan, about 50% of respondents had voluntary smoke-free rules in the home and car. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful as baseline information on home and car smoke-free status before enforcement of the 2018 Tokyo home and car smoke-free legislation.
Data from: Oral microflora in preschool children attending a fluoride varnish program: a cross-sectional study
Background: To compare the oral microflora in preschool children attending a fluoride varnish program with a reference group receiving a standard oral health program without fluoride varnish applications. A second aim was to relate the microbial composition to the caries prevalence. Methods: Five hundred seven 3-year-old children were enrolled from a cohort of 3403 preschool children taking part in a community based oral health project. Two hundred sixty-three of them had attended caries-preventive program with semi-annual applications of a fluoride varnish since the age of 1 year (test group) while 237 had received standard preventive care (reference group). Oral samples were collected with a sterile swab and analysed with checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization using 12 pre-determined bacterial probes. Caries and background data were collected from clinical examinations and questionnaires. Results: Gram-positive streptococci (S. intermedius, S. salivarius, S. oralis) were most frequently detected and displayed the highest counts in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning prevalence of any of the selected bacterial strains except for S. oralis that occurred less frequently in the reference group. In children with caries, V. parvula were significantly more common (p < 0.05) while strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Neisseria were more prevalent among the caries-free children (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A 2-year community program with semi-annual fluoride varnish applications did not seem to significantly influence the oral microflora in preschool children. Trial registration: www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN35086887) 20131216 'retrospectively registered'.
Data from: Inaccuracy of venous point-of-care glucose measurements in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study
Introduction: Current guidelines and consensus recommend arterial and venous samples as equally acceptable for blood glucose assessment in point-of-care devices, but there is limited evidence to support this recommendation. We evaluated the accuracy of two devices for bedside point-of-care blood glucose measurements using arterial, fingerstick and catheter venous blood samples in ICU patients, and assessed which factors could impair their accuracy. Methods: 145 patients from a 41-bed adult mixed-ICU, in a tertiary care hospital were prospectively enrolled. Fingerstick, central venous (catheter) and arterial blood (indwelling catheter) samples were simultaneously collected, once per patient. Arterial measurements obtained with Precision PCx, and arterial, fingerstick and venous measurements obtained with Accu-chek Advantage II were compared to arterial central lab measurements. Agreement between point-of-care and laboratory measurements were evaluated with Bland-Altman, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate interference of associated factors. Results: Mean difference between Accu-chek arterial samples versus central lab was 10.7 mg/dL (95% LA -21.3 to 42.7 mg/dL), and between Precision PCx versus central lab was 18.6 mg/dL (95% LA -12.6 to 49.5 mg/dL). Accu-chek fingerstick versus central lab arterial samples presented a similar bias (10.0 mg/dL) but a wider 95% LA (-31.8 to 51.8 mg/dL). Agreement between venous samples with arterial central lab was the poorest (mean bias 15.1 mg/dL; 95% LA -51.7 to 81.9). Hyperglycemia, low hematocrit, and acidosis were associated with larger differences between arterial and venous blood measurements with the two glucometers and central lab. Vasopressor administration was associated with increased error for fingerstick measurements. Conclusions: Sampling from central venous catheters should not be used for glycemic control in ICU patients. In addition, reliability of the two evaluated glucometers was insufficient. Error with Accu-chek Advantage II increases mostly with central venous samples. Hyperglycemia, lower hematocrit, acidosis, and vasopressor administration increase measurement error.
Data from: Social network analysis of psychological morbidity in an urban slum of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study based on a community census
Background Social ties are believed to play important roles in mitigating depression and anxiety, as well as fostering mental health in the population. We test this association for young urban men in Bangladesh. Methods Using a locally adapted GHQ-12 instrument, we enumerate self-reported mental health outcomes for 824 post-adolescent young men between the ages of 18 and 29 in a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We further measure the social network for all our subjects and estimate the association of social network of the respondents with self-reported mental health outcomes controlling for possible confounders. Results We find there are considerable variations in both the mental health outcomes and social network across respondents. The GHQ scores (mean = 9.2, SD = 4.9) suggest significant psychological morbidity among the respondents. However, our findings imply better social ties and connections can potentially mitigate negative mental health outcomes (0.05-0.65 lower standardized GHQ score). Among other factors, being married and a recent migrant are also associated with better mental health status (0.17-0.20 and 0.16-0.17 lower standardized GHQ scores respectively). Conclusion Our results underscore the importance of social connection in providing buffer against stress and anxiety through psychosocial support from one's peer in a resource constraint urban setting. Our findings also suggest incorporating social network and ties in designing mental health policies and interventions.
Data from: Gray matter volume modifications in migraine: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Objective. To explore cross-sectional and longitudinal gray matter (GM) volume changes in migraine patients and their association with patients' clinical characteristics and disease activity. Methods. Brain T2-weighted and 3D T1-weighted scans were acquired from 73 episodic migraineurs and 46 age- and sex-matched non-migraine controls at baseline. Twenty-four migraineurs and 25 controls agreed to be re-examined after a mean follow-up of 4 years. Using a general linear model and SPM12, a whole-brain analysis was performed to assess GM volume modifications. Results. At baseline, compared to controls, migraine patients showed lower cerebellar GM volume and higher volume of regions of the fronto-temporal lobes. At follow-up, migraineurs were significantly older than controls. Over the follow-up, migraineurs developed an increased volume of fronto-temporo-parietal regions, which was more prominent in patients with a higher baseline disease activity: long disease duration and high attack frequency. Migraineurs also developed decreased GM volume of visual areas, which was related to higher pain severity. Patients with an increased attack frequency at follow-up experienced both increased and decreased volume of nociceptive regions. In migraineurs, reduced GM volume of extrastriate visual areas during the follow-up was significantly correlated to baseline disease activity: shorter disease duration and lower attack frequency. Conclusion. In this cohort, the migraine brain changes dynamically over time and different pathophysiological mechanisms can occur in response to patients' disease severity. The interaction between predisposing brain traits and experience-dependent responses might vary across different nociceptive and visual areas, thus leading to distinct patterns of longitudinal GM volume changes.
Data from: Prevalence characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Taizhou area, China: a cross-sectional study of 37 967 women from the general population
Objectives: High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) are highly prevalent worldwide, and HPV genotypes differ between geographical regions; however, sexually transmitted HPV may lead to cervical carcinogenesis. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence characteristics of cervical HPV genotypes in Taizhou, Southeast China. Setting and participants: A population-based sample of 37 967 eligible women (median age: 41.6; range: 15–90 years) visiting the Taizhou ENZE Medical Center in Taizhou (2012–2016) was analysed. HPV genotyping was performed on the collected specimens using a GP5+/bioGP6+-PCR/MPG assay by Luminex 200, which simultaneously identifies 27 different HPV genotypes and the β-globin gene (internal control). Results: The overall HPV infection rate was 22.8% in the Taizhou-based population, and the prevalence of high-risk HPV, low-risk HPV and mixed high-risk and low-risk HPV infection was 14.2%, 5.7% and 3.0%, respectively. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV52 (19.7%), 16 (11.9%), 58 (11.5%), 39 (7.2%), 18 (6.6%) and 56 (5.6%). The rate of multiple-type HPV infection was 5.7% in the whole population, and the HPV52+58, HPV16+52 and HPV16+18 mixed genotypes were most common in women with multiple infections. The age-specific HPV prevalence showed a bimodal curve, with a first peak below the age of 21 years (41.6%), followed by a second peak in the age group of 56–60 years (28.5%). Moreover, the HPV infection rate differed significantly between the outpatient and physical examination groups (24.0% vs 19.5%, p<0.0001). Further data comparisons showed that the distribution of HPV genotypes varied markedly between the two groups. Conclusions: Data from this study could be valuable for HPV-based cervical cancer screening efforts in certain areas, support the local vaccination programme in the Taizhou region and facilitate future diagnosis and treatment of HPV diseases.
Data from: Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among men who have sex with men attending an STI clinic in Amsterdam, a cross-sectional study
Objective: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is common among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. It is unknown whether this is also the case in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sexually transmitted infection outpatient low- threshold clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: Between October 2008 and April 2010, a total of 211 men were included, in two groups: (1) 74 MSM with clinical signs of a skin or soft tissue infection (symptomatic group) and (2) 137 MSM without clinical signs of such infections (asymptomatic group). Primary outcome measures: S aureus and MRSA infection and/or colonisation. Swabs were collected from the anterior nasal cavity, throat, perineum, penile glans and, if present, from infected skin lesions. Culture for S aureus was carried out on blood agar plates and for MRSA on selective chromagar plates after enrichment in broth. If MRSA was found, the spa- gene was sequenced. Secondary outcome measures: Associated demographic characteristics, medical history, risk factors for colonisation with S aureus and high-risk sexual behaviour were collected through a self- completed questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of S aureus colonisation in the nares was 37%, the pharynx 11%, the perianal region 12%, the glans penis 10% and in skin lesions 40%. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, anogenital S aureus colonisation was significantly associated with the symptomatic group (p=0.01) and marginally with HIV ( p=0.06). MRSA was diagnosed in two cases: prevalence 0.9% (95% CI 0.1% to 3.4%)). Neither had CA-MRSA strains. Conclusions: CA-MRSA among MSM in Amsterdam is rare. Genital colonisation of S aureus is not associated with high-risk sexual behaviour.
Data from: Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation experience, confidence, and confidence-associated factors among Northern Japanese emergency life-saving technicians: a population-based cross-sectional study
Objective: Clinical procedural experience and confidence are both important when performing complex medical procedures. Because out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a complex intervention, we sought to clarify clinical ETI experience among prehospital rescuers as well as their confidence in performing ETI and confidence-associated factors. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted from January to September 2017. Setting: Northern Japan, including eight prefectures. Participants: Emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) authorized to perform ETI. Outcome measures: Annual ETI exposure and confidence in performing ETI, according to a 5-point Likert scale. To determine factors associated with ETI confidence, differences between confident ELSTs (those scoring 4 or 5 on the Likert scale) and non-confident ELSTs were evaluated. Results: Questionnaires were sent to 149 fire departments; 140 agreed to participate. Among the 2821 ELSTs working at responding fire departments, 2620 returned the questionnaire (response rate, 92.9%); complete data sets were available for 2567 ELSTs (complete response rate, 91.0%). Of those 2567 respondents, 95.7% performed two or fewer ETI annually; 46.6% reported lack of confidence in performing ETI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that years of clinical experience (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.13), annual ETI exposure (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.59–2.03), and the availability of ETI skill retention programs including regular simulation training (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02–1.68) and operating room training (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.14–1.83) were independently associated with confidence in performing ETI. Conclusions: ETI is an uncommon event for most ELSTs and nearly half of respondents did not have confidence in performing this procedure. Because confidence in ETI was independently associated with availability of regular simulation and operating room training, standardization of ETI reeducation that incorporates such methods may be useful for prehospital rescuers.
Data from: Factors associated with possession of accurate knowledge regarding occupational health management among operations leaders of radiation decontamination workers in Fukushima, Japan: a cross-sectional study
Objectives: An operations leader (OL) takes an important role in occupational health management for radiation decontamination workers in Japan, and candidates for the position must participate in a training session to acquire the necessary knowledge as required by law. However, it has not been clarified whether the candidates for the OL position actually possess accurate knowledge regarding occupational health management for such work after the training session. We therefore aimed at examining the current occupational health management knowledge among the candidates and investigating factors related to the knowledge, with hypothesis that possession of accurate knowledge is associated with prior experience of having worked in radiation decontamination. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The training sessions held by Fukushima Prefecture Labor Standard Associations in Fukushima, Japan, in 2017. Participants: Eighty male candidates participated in the training sessions. Outcome: The number/proportion of correct answers to the questions regarding occupational health management such as those on working environment management, control of operations, and health management. Results: The proportion of those who possessed accurate knowledge regarding working environment management, control of operations, and health management, was 68.8%, 55.0%, and 51.2%, respectively. Experience of radiation decontamination work was associated with the possession of inaccurate knowledge regarding working environment management (OR 0.140 [95% CI 0.042, 0.464]), and the uncertainty of future radiation decontamination work schedules in difficult-to-return zones was associated with the possession of accurate knowledge regarding health management (OR 4.382 [95% CI 1.525, 12.591]). Conclusions: Previous experience in radiation decontamination work may hinder the ability to acquire accurate information regarding working environment management among candidates for an OL position. To promote adequate occupational health management for radiation decontamination workers, it is required to establish an effective instructional method for the OL candidate training sessions with consideration of previous relevant experience.
Data from: Long-term benefit of hepatitis C therapy in a safety net hospital system: a cross-sectional study with median 5-year follow-up
Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy and survival benefit from sustained virologic remission (SVR) in a safety net hospital population with limited resources. Design and setting: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at an urban safety-net hospital in the U.S. Participants and intervention: 242 patients receiving standard HCV therapy between 2001 and 2006. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Response rates, including sustained virologic response (SVR), were recorded for each patient. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of SVR and 5 year survival. Results: A total of 242 eligible patients were treated. Treatment was completed in 197 (81%) patients, with 43 patients discontinuing therapy early – 32 due to adverse events and 11 due to non-compliance. Complications on treatment were frequent, including 3 deaths. SVR was achieved in 83 patients (34%). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of a decreased likelihood of achieving SVR included African American race (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07 – 0.54), genotype 1 HCV infection (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 – 0.50) and the presence of cirrhosis (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12 – 0.58). Survival was 98% in those achieving SVR (median follow-up 72 months) and 71% in non-responders and those discontinuing therapy (n = 91, median known follow-up 65 and 36 months respectively). On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of improved survival was SVR (HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03 – 0.52). Both cirrhosis and hypoalbuminemia were independent predictors of increased mortality. Conclusions: HCV therapy can be effective despite limited resources. Survival is improved in those achieving SVR. Treatment before histologic cirrhosis develops, in combination with careful selection, may improve long-term outcomes without compromising other health care endeavors in safety net hospitals and areas with financial limitations.
Data from: Paternal factors and inequity associated with access to maternal health care service utilization in Nepal: a community based cross-sectional study
Background: The threat of maternal mortality can be reduced by increasing use of maternal health services. Maternal death and access to maternal health care services are inequitable in low and middle income countries.The aim of this study is to assess associated paternal factors and degree of inequity in access to maternal health care service utilization. Methods: Analysis illustrates on a cross-sectional household survey that followed multistage-cluster sampling. Concentration curve and indices were calculated. Binary logistic regression analysis was executed to account paternal factors associated with the utilization of maternal health services. Path model with structural equation modeling (SEM) examined the predictors of antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery. Results: The finding of this study revealed that 39.9% and 45.5% of the respondents' wives made ANC visits and utilized institutional delivery services respectively. Men with graduate and higher level of education were more likely (AOR: 5.91, 95% CI; 4.02, 8.70) to have ANC of their wives than men with no education or primary level of education. Men with higher household income (Q5) were more likely (1.99, 95% CI; 1.39, 2.86) to have ANC for their wives. Similarly, higher household income (Q5) also determined (2.74, 95% CI; 1.81, 4.15) for institutional delivery of their wives. Concentration curve and indices also favored rich than the poor. SEM revealed that ANC visit was directly associated to institutional delivery. Conclusions: Paternal factors like age, household wealth, number of children, ethnicity, education, knowledge of danger sign during pregnancy, and husband's decision making for seeking maternal and child health care are crucial factors associated to maternal health service utilization. Higher ANC coverage predicts higher utilization of the institutional delivery. Wealthier population is more concentrated to maternal health services. The inequities between the poor and the rich are necessary to be addressed through effective policy and programs.
Data from: Population characteristics, mechanisms of primary care and premature mortality in England: a cross-sectional study
Objectives. Health systems with strong primary care tend to have better population outcomes, but in many countries demand for care is growing. We sought to identify mechanisms of primary care that influence premature mortality. Design. We developed a conceptual model of the mechanisms by which primary care influences premature mortality, and undertook a cross-sectional study in which population and primary care variables reflecting the model were used to explain variations in mortality under aged 75 years. The premature standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for each practice, available from the Department of Health, had been calculated from numbers of deaths in the five years 2006-10. A regression model was undertaken with explanatory variables for the year 2009/10, and repeated to check stability using data for 2008/09 and 2010/11. Setting: All general practices in England were eligible for inclusion, and of the total of 8290, complete data were available for 7858. Results. Population variables, particularly deprivation, were the most powerful predictors of premature mortality, but the mechanisms of primary care depicted in our model also affected mortality. The number of GPs/1000 population and detection of hypertension were negatively associated with mortality. In less deprived practices, continuity of care was also negatively associated with mortality. Conclusions. Greater supply of primary care is associated with lower premature mortality even in a health system that has strong primary care (England). Health systems need to sustain the capacity of primary care to deliver effective care, and should assist primary care providers in identifying and meeting the needs of socio-economically deprived groups.
Risk for excessive anticoagulation during hemodialysis is associated with type of vascular access and bedside coagulation testing: Results of a cross-sectional study
<p>Anonymized dataset of the cross-sectional study assessing (i) heparin dosing within a prevalent hemodialysis cohort, (ii) the anticoagulant effects of the heparinization strategy and (iii) identifying predictive factors of the heparin dosing regimen.</p>
Data from: Medical school selection criteria as predictors of medical student empathy: a cross-sectional study of medical students, Ireland
Objectives: To determine whether performance in any of the HPAT sections, most specifically the interpersonal understanding section, correlates with self-reported empathy levels in medical students. Setting: The study was conducted in University College Cork, Ireland. Participants: 290 students participated in the study. Matching HPAT scores were available for 263 students. All male and female undergraduate students were invited to participate. Post graduate and international students were excluded. Primary and secondary outcome measures: HPAT-Ireland and JSPE scores were compared including subsection analysis. Comparisons were made between groups such as gender and year of programme. Results : A total of 290 students participated. Males scored significantly higher than females for total HPAT-Ireland [U = 7329, z = -2.04, p < 0.05], HPAT-Ireland Section 1 [U = 5382, z = -5.21, p < 0.0001], and Section 3 scores [U = 6833, z = -2.85, p < 0.01]. In contrast, females scored significantly higher than males on HPAT-Ireland Section 2 [U = 5844, z = -4.46, p < 0.0001]. Females demonstrated significantly higher total JSPE scores relative to males [mean score ± SEM: 113.33 ± 1.05 vs 109.21 ± 0.95; U = 8450, z = -2.83, p < 0.01]. No significant association was observed between JSPE scores and any of the HPAT-Ireland measures [all p > 0.05]. There was no effect of programme year on JSPE scores [all p >0.05]. Conclusion : The introduction of the HPAT–Ireland test was partly designed to identify students with strong interpersonal skills. A significant finding of this study is that JSPE values did not correlate with HPAT-Ireland scores. This study suggests no clear link between scores on a selection test, the HPAT-Ireland, which is designed to assess several skill domains including interpersonal skills, and scores on a psychometric measure of empathy, at any point during medical education.
Data from: Disparity in preemptive end-of-life conversation experience caused by subjective economic status among general Japanese elderly people: a cross-sectional study with stratified random sampling
Objectives: Preemptive conversations (PCs) about end-of-life (EOL) preferences are beneficial for both elderly people and their families to understand and share the preferences. However, the factors which promote/inhibit PCs have yet to be clarified. We therefore aimed to determine the factors related to having PCs with hypothesis that age, subjective economic status and subjective health status are associated with having PC experience. Design: A cross-sectional study administering a questionnaire and using stratified random sampling by gender and region. Setting: Residents aged 65 years or older who were not receiving nursing care as of November 1, 2016, were extracted from the Japanese long-term care insurance system registry in Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Participants: 1,575 participants (717 males and 858 females). Outcome: Presence or absence of PC experience with family or friends (yes/no). Results: The mean age of the participants was 74.0 years. A multivariable logistic-regression analysis revealed that having PC experience was significantly associated with gender (OR = 1.907; 95% CI = 1.556, 2.337; p < 0.001), subjective economic status (OR = 0.832; 95% CI = 0.716, 0.966; p=0.016), and subjective happiness (OR = 0.926; 95% CI = 0.880, 0.973; p=0.003). Conclusions: Poor subjective economic status of elderly people may result in absence of EOL conversation experience with their families and friends, hindering the elderly from sharing and understanding the EOL preferences. To promote PCs about EOL, gerontology and public health professionals should give special consideration to the subjective economic status of elderly people.
Impact of smoking cessation, coffee and bread consumption on the intestinal microbial composition among Saudis: A cross-sectional study
The gut microbiota is often affected by the dietary and lifestyle habits of the host, resulting in a better efficacy that favors energy harvesting from the consumed food. Our objective was to characterize the composition of gut microbiota in adult Saudis and investigate possible association with lifestyle and dietary practices. Feces from 104 Saudi volunteers (48% males) were tested for microbiota by sequencing the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). For all participants, data were collected related to their lifestyle habits and dietary practices. The relative abundance (RA) of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in normal weight Saudis ( p =0.005, FDR=0.014). Individuals who consumed more coffee presented marginally significant more RA of Fusobacteria ( p =0.02, FDR=0.20) in their gut microbiota compared to those reporting low or no coffee intake, but the RA of Fusobacteria was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers p =0.009, FDR=0.027) . The RA of Fusobacteria was also significantly higher in those reporting daily consumption of bread ( p =0.005, FDR=0.015). At the species level, the gut microbiota of people who consumed coffee was dominated by Bacteroidetes thetaiotaomicron followed by Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Eubacteriumrectale . Similarly, the gut microbiota of smokers was also enriched by B. thetaiotaomicron and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Smoking cessation, bread and coffee consumption induce changes in the intestinal microbial composition of Saudis. This indicates the significance of diet and lifestyle practices in the determination of the composition of the gut microbiota, which could possibly lead later to changes in metabolic profile and weight.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.