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741 results for βDecayβ
Dataset: In-vivo characterization of magnetic inclusions in the subcortex from non-exponential transverse relaxation decay
<p>This repository includes the data used to compile the results presented in the scientific publication: "In-vivo characterization of magnetic inclusions in the subcortex from non-exponential transverse relaxation decay".</p> <p>Rita Oliveira, Antoine Lutti<br>Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN)<br>Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne<br>Mont-Paisible 16, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland<br><br>Classically, the MRI transverse relaxation decay is analyzed by fitting the signal decay over echo time voxel-wise with a monoexponential function (Exp), for which a decay rate R<sub>2</sub><sup>∗</sup> is estimated. However, the presence of magnetic material within the tissue, such as iron-loaded cells, myelin, or blood vessels, introduces variations in the magnetic field, which can modify the exponential behaviour of the decay (1,2). In such inhomogeneous magnetic fields, the theory predicts a transient regime starting with a Gaussian behaviour at short echo times and approaching a monoexponential relaxation at long echo times (1,3–6).<br>We highlight three different analytical descriptions of the signal decay that account for the transient regime of the transverse relaxation decay: i) the Anderson and Weiss, 1953 model (AW); ii) the Jensen and Chandra, 2000 model/Sukstanskii and Yablonskiy, 2003 model (SY; in the article is called JC); iii) and following a Padé approximation (Padé) of the transition from Gaussian to exponential decay.<br>This repository includes transverse relaxation decay data that enables the observation of the non-exponential MRI transverse relaxation. The data was acquired from 5 healthy volunteers at 3T. AW, SY, Padé, and Exp are the different methods that we used to fit the data with. Here we focus on the analysis of subcortical brain regions: Substantia Nigra, Pallidum, Putamen, Caudate, and Thalamus.</p> <p><strong>Data Description</strong><br>The necessary files to compile the results presented in the scientific publication can be found in the ‘<em>multiecho</em>’ folder. There are three different folders corresponding to three repetitions of the acquisition (‘rep1’ to ‘rep3’). The data consists of:<br>• resc_den_ subject_name_N.nii: magnitude image file corresponding to echo N. These files were previously denoised and rescaled (resc_den). The description field of the header of the images contains the corresponding TE at which the image was acquired, which will be needed in the fitting routine. Since we focus on the analysis of subcortical brain regions (Substantia Nigra, Pallidum, Putamen, Caudate, and Thalamus), the multi-echo data is masked within this region.<br>• nf: value of the noise floor level. Corresponds to the noncentrality parameter of a Rician distribution fitted to the background signal.</p> <p>In the ‘<em>anat</em>’ folder the user has access to:<br>• MT: Magnetization Transfer map (MTsat) that serves as a reference anatomical image.<br>• ROI folder: contains masks of each of the 5 regions of interest analyzed in the scientific paper: Substantia Nigra, Pallidum, Putamen, Caudate, and Thalamus.</p> <p><br>The ‘<em>modelfits</em>’ folder contains pre-computed results for each subject analyzed. If the user uses the analysis code that comes along with this dataset (<a href="https://github.com/LREN-physics/TransverseRelaxation">https://github.com/LREN-physics/TransverseRelaxation</a>), this folder will be overwritten with the new results. For each method (‘AW’, ‘SY’, ‘Pade’, ‘Exp’) there is a folder containing the corresponding resulting maps. These maps are:<br>• R2s.nii: map of R<sub>2,micro</sub><sup>∗</sup> [ms<sup>-1</sup>] for ‘AW’, ‘SY’, and ‘Pade’ options. Map of R<sub>2</sub><sup>∗</sup> [ms<sup>-1</sup>] for ‘Exp’ fit.<br>• OmegaSq.nii: map of γ\(\Omega^2\) [rad<sup>2</sup> ms<sup>-2</sup>]. Not available for ‘Exp’ fit.<br>• TE0signal.nii: map of the initial signal amplitude S<sub>0</sub>.<br>• T2mol.nii: map of the inverse of effective transverse relaxation rate resulting from processes on the nanoscale [ms]<br>• AIC.nii: map of Akaike information criterion regarding the fitting procedure.<br>• MSE.nii: maps of the mean square error of the fitting procedure.<br>• DataMatrix.mat: matrix containing the data used for the fitting procedure.<br>• VoxelIndices.mat: vector containing the indices of the voxels corresponding to the analyzed data, which is restricted to the subcortical regions.<br>• Params.mat: structure containing the parameters used for the analysis.<br>Inside ‘modelfits’ there are also two folders corresponding to two different regimes that can describe the transverse relaxation decay: static dephasing regime (‘SDR’) or diffusion narrowing regime (‘DNR’). Under the assumption of SDR, we computed:<br>• ki_ppm.nii: maps of π₯π, which is the difference in susceptibility of the magnetic inclusions to the surrounding tissue [addimentional, in ppm and in SI units]<br>• zeta.nii: maps of π, which is the volume fraction of the magnetic inclusions [addimentional]<br>Under the assumption of DNR, we computed:<br>• alpha.nii: πΌ=πγ\(\sqrt{\Omega^2}\)γ [addimentional]<br>• tau_ms.nii: maps of π, which is the time scale for water molecules to diffuse away from magnetic inclusions [ms]<br>Please refer to the corresponding article for a complete description of the methods and corresponding estimated parameters.</p>
Replication Package for "Automated Reporting of Anti-Patterns and Decay in Continuous Integration"
<p>This is the replication package for the paper "Automated Reporting of Anti-Patterns and Decay in Continuous Integration" accepted for publication at <a href="https://2019.icse-conferences.org/track/icse-2019-Technical-Papers#event-overview">ICSE 2019 (Technical Track)</a>.</p> <p>We include all the artifacts necessary to replicate the results obtained in our paper. Specifically, we provide (i) all the scripts used to conduct our statistical tests and to process the data obtained from our surveys, (ii) the queries used to perform the project selection, (iii) and a runnable version of our CI anti-patterns detection tool along with the external source code used to quantify the presence of CI anti-patterns in our dataset.<br> Furthermore, we provide raw and processed data from our surveys and data (build logs and repositories) that can be used as input to our detection pipeline. We also include a Docker container image with a working environment containing the artifacts.</p> <p>Preprint of corresponding paper is available <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2578271">here</a>.</p>
Standard Model corrections to Fermi decays in NCSM
<p>Recent analysis of Fermi decays by C.Y. Seng and M. Gorshteyn and the corresponding $V_{ud}$ determination have revealed a degree of tension with Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix unitarity, confirmation of which would indicate several potential deficiencies within the Standard Model (SM) weak sector. Extraction of $V_{ud}$ requires electroweak radiative corrections (EWRC) from theory to be applied to experimentally obtained $ft$-values. Novel calculations of corrections sensitive to hadronic structure, i.e., the $\gamma W$-box, are at the heart of the recent tension. Moreover, to further improve on the extraction of $V_{ud}$, a modern and consistent treatment of the two nuclear structure dependent corrections is critical. These corrections are (i) $\delta_C$, the isospin symmetry breaking correction (ii) and $\delta_{NS}$, the EWRC representing evaluation of the $\gamma W$-box on a nucleus. Preliminary estimations of $\delta_{NS}$ have been made in the aforementioned analysis, however, the approach cannot include effects from low-lying nuclear states which require a true many-body treatment. Via collaboration with C.Y. Seng and M. Gorshteyn and use of the Lanczos subspace method, these corrections can be computed in ab initio nuclear theory for the first time. We apply the no-core shell model (NCSM), a nonrelativistic quantum many-body theory for describing low-lying bound states of $s$- and $p$-shell nuclei starting solely from nuclear interactions. We will present preliminary results for $\delta_{NS}$ and $\delta_{C}$ determined in the NCSM for the $^{10}\text{C} \rightarrow {}^{10}\text{B}$ beta transition, with the eventual goal of extending the calculations to $^{14}\text{O} \rightarrow {}^{14}\text{N}$ and $^{18}\text{Ne} \rightarrow {}^{18}\text{F}$.</p>
Export-Led Decay: The Trade Channel in the Gold Standard Era
<p>This package contains the data, programs and instructions to replicate manuscript "Export-Led Decay: The Trade Channel in the Gold Standard Era"by Bernardo Candia and Mathieu Pedemonte forthcoming at JEEA</p>
Evaluated decay data of Sm-151
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Reproducibility packs for the article: Generation and decay of Higgs mode in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
<p>The supplementary material contains a reproducibility pack for results presented in the paper:</p> <p>A. Barresi, A. Boulet, G. WlazΕowski, P. Magierski,<br><em>Generation and decay of Higgs mode in a strongly interacting Fermi gas</em>,<br><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38176-9">Sci. Rep. 13, 11285 (2023)</a></p> <p>For more info see: README.txt</p>
Particle size influences decay rates of environmental DNA in aquatic systems
<p>Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a powerful tool for remote detection of target organisms. However, obtaining quantitative and longitudinal information from eDNA data is challenging, requiring a deep understanding of eDNA ecology. Notably, if the various size components of eDNA decay at different rates, and we can separate them within a sample, their changing proportions could be used to obtain longitudinal dynamics information on species. To test this possibility, we conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment in which we separated fish-derived eDNA components using sequential filtration to evaluate the decay rate and changing proportion of various eDNA particle sizes over time. We then fit four alternative mathematical decay models to the data, building towards a predictive framework to interpret eDNA data from various particle sizes. We found that medium-sized particles (1-10 ΞΌm) decayed more slowly than other size classes (i.e., <1 ΞΌm and >10 ΞΌm), and thus made up an increasing proportion of eDNA particles over time. We also observed distinct eDNA particle size distribution (PSD) between our Common carp and Rainbow trout samples, suggesting that target-specific assays are required to determine starting eDNA PSDs. Additionally, we found evidence that different sizes of eDNA particles do not decay independently, with particle size conversion replenishing smaller particles over time. Nonetheless, a parsimonious mathematical model where particle sizes decay independently best explained the data. Given these results, we suggest a framework to discern target distance and abundance with eDNA data by applying sequential filtration, which theoretically has both metabarcoding and single-target applications.</p>
Gravitational waves from freely decaying turbulence: simulation visualisations
<p>Simulation visualisations to accompany the paper <em>Generation of gravitational waves from freely decaying turbulence</em>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.02588">arXiv:2205.02588</a>, which has been <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/029">published in JCAP</a>. The visualisations are provided in two formats.</p> <p>The visualisations correspond to simulations A' and D, as listed in Table 2 of the paper. The magnitude of the fluid 3-velocity is shown.</p>
Data from: Network structure of avian mixed-species flocks decays with elevation and latitude across the Andes
<p><span>B</span><span>irds in mixed-species flocks benefit from greater foraging efficiency and reduced predation but also face costs related to competition and activity matching. Because this cost-benefit trade-off is context-dependent (e.g., abiotic conditions, habitat quality), the structure of flocks is expected to vary along elevational, latitudinal, and disturbance gradients. Specifically, we predicted that the connectivity and cohesion of flocking networks would (1) decline towards tropical latitudes and lower elevations, where competition and activity matching costs are higher, and (2) increase with lower forest cover and greater human disturbance. We analysed the structure of 84 flock networks across the Andes and assessed the effect of elevation, latitude, forest cover and human disturbance on network characteristics. We found that Andean flocks are overall open-membership systems (unstructured), though the extent of network structure varied across gradients. Elevation was the main predictor of structure, with more connected and less modular flocks upslope. As expected, flocks in areas with higher forest cover were less cohesive, with better-defined flock subtypes. Flocks also varied across latitude and disturbance gradients as predicted, but effect sizes were small. Our findings indicate that the unstructured nature of Andean flocks might arise as a strategy to cope with harsh environmental conditions.</span></p>
Signal and background samples for Higgs boson decays to four b-jets
<p>Data samples used in the paper <em>Illuminating all-hadronic final states with a photon: Exotic decays of the Higgs boson to four bottom quarks in vector boson fusion plus gamma at hadron colliders.</em> Included are analysis ntuples for the produced background samples and 4 signal samples: VBF with and without a photon for H-->aa-->4b for m_a = 50 GeV and m_a = 25 GeV.</p> <p>Analysis ntuples include only events with 6 total jets (4b final state) or 5 total jets (3b final state). Variables included are 4-vectors for the 2 jets with the highest invariant mass (VBF jets), weighting variables used in the analysis and described in the paper, leading photon 4-vector, and final state (4b/3b) invariant masses and jet separation variables used in analysis and further described in the paper.</p> <p>Samples are simulated using MadGraph5 version 2.7.3, Pythia8, and Delphes. Further details about sample simulation can be found in the paper.</p>
Molecular growth of PANH via intermolecular Coulombic decay
<p>Nitrogen-bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs) are ubiquitous in space. They are considered precursors to advanced biomolecules identified in meteorites. However, their chemical evolution into biomolecules in photodestructive astrophysical mediums remains a paradox. Here, we show that light can efficiently initiate the molecular mass growth of PANHs. Ultraviolet-photoexcited quinoline monomers, the smallest PANH, were observed to associate and intermolecular Coulombic decay between the associating monomers formed the cations of quinoline-dimer. Molecular rearrangements in the dimer cation lead to a dominant formation of cations heavier than quinoline. The enrichment of these heavier cations over all the other cations reveals the efficiency of this route for the mass growth of PANHs in space. This mechanism also leads to a highly reactive unsaturated PANH-ring via CH loss, a hitherto unknown channel in any photon-driven process. The occurrence of this efficient pathway toward complex molecules points to a rich chemistry in dense interstellar clouds.</p>
Upconversion FRET quantitation: the role of donor photoexcitation mode and compositional architecture on the decay and intensity based responses
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Lanthanide-doped colloidal nanoparticles capable of photon upconversion (UC) offer long luminescence lifetimes, narrowband absorption and emission spectra, and efficient anti-Stokes emission. These features are highly advantageous for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based detection. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) as donors may solve the existing problems of molecular FRET systems, such as photobleaching and limitations in quantitative analysis, but these new labels also bring new challenges. Here we have studied the impact of the core-shell compositional architecture of upconverting nanoparticle donors and the mode of photoexcitation on the performance of UC-FRET from UCNPs to Rose Bengal (RB) molecular acceptor. We have quantitatively compared luminescence rise and decay kinetics of Er<sup>3+</sup> emission using core-only NaYF<sub>4</sub>: 20% Yb, 2% Er and core-shell NaYF<sub>4</sub>: 20% Yb @ NaYF<sub>4</sub>: 20% Yb, 5% Er donor UCNPs under three photoexcitation schemes: (1) direct short-pulse photoexcitation of Er<sup>3+</sup> at 520 nm; indirect photoexcitation of Er<sup>3+</sup> through Yb<sup>3+</sup> sensitizer with (2) 980 nm short (5–7 ns) or (3) 980 nm long (4 ms) laser pulses. The donor luminescence kinetics and steady-state emission spectra differed between the UCNP architectures and excitation schemes. Aiming for highly sensitive kinetic upconversion FRET-based biomolecular assays, the experimental results underline the complexity of the excitation and energy-migration mechanisms affecting the Er<sup>3+</sup> donor responses and suggest ways to optimize the photoexcitation scheme and the architecture of the UCNPs used as luminescent donors.</p>
Log Cabin in Decay -- LiDAR iPad Scan
Up the street from my house there is a private drive with a sign out front that says Camp Huntington. It's somewhat of a mysterious street, with a house near the entrance with a couple roosters -- an unusual sight and sound in Los Angeles. If you pull up the drive a little bit you find this dilapitated log cabin. I suspect it must have some historical significance, otherwise why would it still be left standing, perhaps this was property once owned by Mr Huntington himself. Who knows. I captured this using the new LiDAR iPad using the Polycam app. Learn more at: https://polycam.ai/ Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Resin Infiltration to Arrest Early Tooth Decay
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01584024. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Raltegravir on HIV Decay During Primary and Chronic Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00641641. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Carcass decay inhibits denitrification indirectly by regulating the microbiota and physicochemical properties in a model water system
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Age-specific differences in Asian Elephant defecation, dung decay, detection and their implication for dung count
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Particle size influences decay rates of environmental DNA in aquatic systems
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Bryophytes enhance nitrogen content in decaying wood via biological interactions
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Data from: How do attached crown parts and branches contribute to the diversity of saproxylic fungi and beetles in downed and decaying spruce trees?
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