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195 results for “Dinoflagellates”
Data from: Comparison of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation in a harmful dinoflagellate species emphasises impact of local processes
Population genetic studies provide insights into intraspecific diversity and dispersal patterns of microorganisms such as protists, which help understanding invasions, harmful algal bloom development and occurrence of seafood poisoning. Genetic differentiation across geography has been reported in many microbial species indicating significant dispersal barriers among different habitats. Temporal differentiation has been less studied and its frequency, drivers and magnitude are poorly understood due to a lack of integral studies. The toxic dinoflagellate species /Gambierdiscus caribaeus/ was sampled during two years in the Florida Keys, and repeatedly from 2006 to 2016 at St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands (USVI), including a three-year period with monthly sampling, to compare spatial and temporal genetic differentiation. Samples from the USVI site showed high temporal variability in local population structure, which correlated with changes in salinity and benthic habitat cover. In some cases, temporal variability exceeded spatial differentiation, despite apparent lack of connectivity and dispersal across the Greater Caribbean Region based on the spatial genetic data. Thus, local processes such as selection might have a stronger influence on population structure in microorganisms than geographic distance. The observed high temporal genetic diversity challenges the prediction of harmful algal blooms and toxin concentrations, but illustrates also the evolutionary potential of microalgae to respond to environmental change.
Data from: New insights into the dynamics between reef corals and their associated dinoflagellate endosymbionts from population genetic studies.
The mutualistic symbioses between reef-building corals and micro-algae form the basis of coral reef ecosystems, yet recent environmental changes threaten their survival. Diversity in host-symbiont pairings on the sub-species level could be an unrecognized source of functional variation in response to stress. The Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, associates predominantly with one symbiont species (Symbiodinium 'fitti'), facilitating investigations of individual-level (genotype) interactions. Individual genotypes of both host and symbiont were resolved across the entire range of the species. Most colonies of a particular animal genotype were dominated by one symbiont genotype (or strain) that may persist in the host for decades or more. While Symbiodinium are primarily clonal, the occurrence of recombinant genotypes indicates sexual recombination is the source of this genetic variation, and some evidence suggests this happens within the host. When these data are examined at spatial scales spanning the entire distribution of A. palmata, gene flow among animal populations was an order of magnitude greater than among populations of the symbiont. This suggests that independent micro-evolutionary processes created dissimilar population genetic structures between host and symbiont. The lower effective dispersal exhibited by the dinoflagellate raises questions regarding the extent to which populations of host and symbiont can co-evolve during times of rapid and substantial climate change. However, these findings also support a growing body of evidence suggesting that genotype by genotype interactions may provide significant physiological variation; influencing the adaptive potential of symbiotic reef corals to severe selection.
Allelopathic effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under simultaneous warming and acidification
<p>This data refers to publication submitted to journal Harmful Algae entitled: Allelopathic effects of the dinoflagellate <em>Alexandrium catenella </em>under simultaneous warming and acidification.</p> <p>The files have information necessary to generate main figures and run statistical analysis to generate result tables.</p> <p>Each file has a tab with metadata in it, explaining the raw data and experimental set up.</p>
Figure 32 in Expanding known dinoflagellate distributions: investigations of slurry cultures from Caspian Sea sediment
Figure 32: Molecular phylogeny of dinoflagellates isolated from the Caspian and Black Sea sediments inferred from partial large-subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) sequences based on the maximum likelihood (ML) method. Oxyrrhis marina was used as an outgroup. Numbers on branches represent ML bootstrap values for that node; bootstrap values>50% are shown. Sequences from isolates in this study are indicated in bold. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Scale bar = nucleotide substitutions per site. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. Sequences generated in this study are available from GenBank, Accessions KY921615-KY921624. There were a total of 503 positions in the final dataset.
Figures 2–31 in Expanding known dinoflagellate distributions: investigations of slurry cultures from Caspian Sea sediment
Figures 2–31: Light micrographs of Caspian Sea dinoflagellates grown in culture from sediments. (2–6) Gonyaulax baltica, culture CS-ST1-005. (2) Lateral view of cell showing cingulum offset. (3) Dorsal view of cell showing general shape and wide cingulum. (4) Antapical view of cell showing broad sulcus. (5) Ecdysed cell showing antapical spines. (6) Hypotheca of cell showing plate reticulation, smooth sulcus and intra plate growth bands. (7–10) Gonyaulax sp., culture CS-ST2-001. (7) Lateral view of cell showing general shape, cingulum offset, apical horn and antapical spine. (8) Ventral view of cell showing broad offset cingulum. (9) Dorsal view of cell in outline showing pronounced apical horn and definite shoulders. (10) Ecdysed theca showing solid antapical spine and heavy plate reticulation. (11–14) Gymnodinium aureolum. (11–13) Culture CS-ST7-009. (14) Culture A3. (11) Cell showing overall shape, central nucleus and radiating chloroplasts. (12) Ventral view of cell showing sulcal-cingulum arrangement. (13) Dorsal view of cell. (14) Cells in duplet. (15–20) Kryptoperidinium foliaceum. (15 and 19) Culture CS-ST1-007. (16 and 18) Culture CS-ST1-001. (17 and 20) Culture A6. (15) Ventral view of cell showing leaf-like curvature, central nucleus, median cingulum and eyespot. (16) Lateral view of cell showing dorsoventral flattening and eyespot. (17) Theca stained with trypan blue. (18) Cysts in ventral view. (19) Cyst in lateral view. (20) Cysts in mucoid capsule. (21–25) Lingulodinium polyedra. (21 and 23) Culture CS-ST1-002. (22) Culture CS-ST1-004. (25) Culture CS-ST1-003. (21) Ventral view of cell showing cingulum offset and first apical plate. (22) Dorsal view of cell showing horse-shoe shaped nucleus. (23) Ecdysed hypotheca showing distinctive polyhedral shape and plate reticulation. (24) Squashed cell showing thecal plates. (25) Cyst from Station 1 sediment. (26–28) Scrippsiella acuminata. (26) Culture CS-ST2-006. (27–28) Culture D10. (26) Outline view of cell. (27) Outline view of cell. (28) Cyst formed in culture. (29–30) Woloszynskia sp. (29) Culture D3 showing cell with eyespot. (30) Cell showing general outline from culture D4. (31) Impagidinium caspienense from palynological preparation (core CS03/1 at 32 cm) showing archeopyle. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Figure 1 in Expanding known dinoflagellate distributions: investigations of slurry cultures from Caspian Sea sediment
Figure 1: Location of grab samples in the Caspian Sea. In the Gorgan transect, the station numbers are in italics and the water depths (m) in bold.
Supplementary data for: Convergent reductive evolution of cyanobacteria in symbiosis with Dinophysiales dinoflagellates
<p>Supplementary data for phylogenomic analysis in "<strong>Convergent reductive evolution of cyanobacteria in symbiosis with Dinophysiales dinoflagellates</strong>" by Nakayama, T., Nomura, M., Yabuki, A., Shiba, K., Inaba, K., & Inagaki, Y. (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-63502-0">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-63502-0</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.11.574452">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.11.574452</a>).</p> <p>The text file <code>CregCyn_phylogenomic_tree.newick</code> contains a newick formatted phylogenomic tree shown in Figure 2 of the paper. Note that the tree is unrooted.<br>The compressed file <code>phylogenomic_analysis_dataset.tar.gz</code> contains the following directories and files.</p> <ul> <li><code>concatenated_dataset.fasta </code>: dataset used for the phylogenomic analysis, constructed by combining 143 protein alignments.</li> <li><code>single_protein_datasets</code>: directory containing each orthologous protein sequence from which the concatenated dataset was derived.<br>It also contains the following subdirectories. <ul> <li><code>original_sequences</code>: contains the multi-FASTA files of the original sequences for each orthologous protein.</li> <li><code>multiple_alignments</code>: contains multiple alignments for each orthologous protein.</li> <li><code>trimmed_alignments</code>: contains multiple alignments for each protein, with positions not suitable for analysis removed. These files are combined into <code>single_protein_dataset.fasta</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
LifeDesks Archive: Dinoflagellate LifeDesk (99) DwCA
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
LifeDesks Archive: Dinoflagellates
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 3 in First record of the dinoflagellate Metadinophysis sinensis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) in the Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 3. Schematic representation of Metadinophysis sinensis. Morphological variability of cell shape. (A–B) Cells in left lateral view from Camamu Bay. (C–E) Cells from Todos os Santos Bay. (C–D) Left lateral view. (E) Cell in ventral view showing the hypotheca with convex left dorsal plate (H2) and the right (H3) slightly concave in the median region. Note the deflected epitheca (E2, E3) and the curved cell, slightly twisted in the posterior region assuming a sigmoid shape. H1= first left dorsal plate; lpsp= left posterior sulcal plate; rpsp= right posterior sulcal plate; rvhp= right ventral hipothecal plate. Scale bars = 10μm
FIGURE 1 in First record of the dinoflagellate Metadinophysis sinensis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) in the Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 1. Map showing the five sampling locations along the coast of Bahia state: Todos os Santos Bay (BTS), Morro de São Paulo (MSP), Boipeba (BOI), Barra Grande (BG) and Camamu Bay (CB).
FIGURE 2 in First record of the dinoflagellate Metadinophysis sinensis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) in the Atlantic Ocean
FIGURE 2. Metadinophysis sinensis: (A–D) Cells from Camamu Bay. (A) Light microscope photograph, left lateral view. (B–D) Scanning electron microscope photographs. (B) Right lateroapical view showing the second (E2) and the third (E3) epithecal plates. Note the straight ventral margin below to left sulcal list (LSL), the convex and crenulate dorsal margin of the left dorsal hypotheca plate (H3), and the posterior pole rounded-truncate. (C) Left lateral view showing the posterior cingular list of the dorsal plate connected to the first rib (R1) of the ventral plate of the hypotheca (arrows), and truncate posterior pole. (D) Sample from Boipeba. Right lateroapical view showing the triangular shape of hypotheca with the two dorsal plates (E2, E3) disposed in different planes. (E–H) Samples from Todos os Santos Bay. (E–F) Epifluorescence micrographs of calcofluor-stained cells. (G–H) Epifluorescence micrographs of calcofluor-stained cells showing red, autofluorescence from discoid chloroplasts. Scale bars = 10μm
Quantitative real-time PCR assays Q2 for species-specific detection and quantification of Baltic Sea spring bloom dinoflagellates
<p>These are the data behind figures 2 to 7 in the paper: Brink AM, Kremp A and Gorokhova E (2024) Quantitative real-time PCR assays for species-specific detection and quantification of Baltic Sea spring bloom dinoflagellates. Front. Microbiol. 15:1421101. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1421101</p>
Data from: Dinoflagellates with relic endosymbiont nuclei as models for elucidating organellogenesis
<p><span>Nucleomorphs are relic endosymbiont nuclei so far found only in two algal groups, cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, which have been studied to model the evolutionary process of integrating an endosymbiont alga into a host-governed plastid (organellogenesis). However, past studies suggested that DNA transfer from the endosymbiont to host nuclei had already ceased in both cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, implying that the organellogenesis at the genetic level has been completed in the two systems. Moreover, we have yet to pinpoint the closest free-living relative of the endosymbiotic alga engulfed by the ancestral chlorarachniophyte or cryptophyte, making it difficult to infer how organellogenesis altered the endosymbiont genome. To counter the above issues, we need novel nucleomorph-bearing algae, in which endosymbiont-to-host DNA transfer is on-going and for which endosymbiont/plastid origins can be inferred at a fine taxonomic scale. Here, we report two previously undescribed dinoflagellates, strains MGD and TGD, with green algal endosymbionts enclosing plastids as well as relic nuclei (nucleomorphs). We provide evidence for the presence of DNA in the two nucleomorphs and the transfer of endosymbiont genes to the host (dinoflagellate) genomes. Furthermore, DNA transfer between the host and endosymbiont nuclei was found to be in progress in both the MGD and TGD systems. Phylogenetic analyses successfully resolved the origins of the endosymbionts at the genus level. With the combined evidence, we conclude that the host-endosymbiont integration in MGD/TGD is less advanced than that in cryptophytes/chrorarachniophytes, and propose the two dinoflagellates as models for elucidating organellogenesis.</span></p>
Responses of marine diatom-dinoflagellate competition to multiple environmental drivers: abundance, elemental and biochemical aspects
<p>A key challenge in ecology and biogeochemistry is to quantitatively determine the effects of multiple environmental factors on the diatom-dinoflagellate community and the related changes in elemental and biochemical composition. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the responses of a diatom-dinoflagellate community to the interactions between temperature, N and P concentrations and their ratios. In particular, we focus on quantitatively assessing the changes in elemental stoichiometry and lipid biomarkers associated with the shifts of community composition. The phytoplankton species used in the experiments were the diatom<em> Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> and the dinoflagellate <em>Prorocentrum minimum</em>. Both monocultures and bicultures of the two species were exposed to a fully factorial combination of three temperatures (12, 18 and 24°C), three N:P supply ratios (molar ratios 10:1, 24:1 and 63:1) and three nutrient concentration levels in temperature-controlled cabinets. Algal cells were harvested at steady state in semi-continuous cultures. The following parameters were analyzed: Cell density, POC, PON, POP, FAs and sterols.</p>
FIGURE 13 in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 13. SEM view of Peridinium gatunense. A. Apical view. B. Antapical view. C. Teratological specimen: quadrangular 2a plate. D. Teratological specimen: splitted 1ʹʹʹʹ plate.
FIGURE 18. Sphaerodinium fimbriatum. A Ventral view. B Dorsal view. C SEM ventral view. D. Epithecal plates. E in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 18. Sphaerodinium fimbriatum. A Ventral view. B Dorsal view. C SEM ventral view. D. Epithecal plates. E. Hypothecal plates. Bar= 10 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 8. SEM view of Parvodinium umbonatum. A. Apical view, bar=5µm. B. Dorsal view, bar=10µm. C. Apical pore, bar=1µm. D. Sulcal plates, bar=5µm.
FIGURE 10 in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 10. SEM view of Parvodinium elpatiewskyi. A. Ventral view, bar=5µm. B. Spines on the antapical zone. C. Dorsal view. D. Sutural bands. E. Sulcus. F. Apical pore. bar=5µm.
FIGURE 9 in Checklist, new records, and taxonomic annotations of freshwater thecate dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae) in Colombia
FIGURE 9. LM view of Parvodinium elpatiewskyi. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C Dorsal view. D. Apical view. Bar=10µm.
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