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Fig. 1 in Early Cambrian "soft-shelled" brachiopods as possible stem-group phoronids

Fig. 1. Light micrographs (A1, B1) and camera lucida drawings (A2, B2) of lingullotretid brachiopod Lingulosacculus nuda gen. et sp. nov. A. GSC−34952, with the smaller oval−shaped dorsal valve superimposed on the larger coniform ventral valve. B. GSC−34953 (holotype), with the smaller dorsal valve largely obscured by the superimposed ventral valve; white arrows in B1 indicate the margins of the propareas on the ventral pseudointerarea.

Fig. 7. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 7. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990, from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia. A. Sellate sclerite (dextral), SAMP 43181, Bunyeroo 4; dorsal view showing narrow lateral lobes and wide sella with reduced, possibly abraded ornament. B. Mitral sclerite (dextral), SAMP 43182, MMF 0.0; B1, oblique view of deformed oblicate and accrescent sides showing wide through and disturbed radial ornament; B2, oblique view of plicate and decrescent sides showing normal placation, a pointed apex and deep internal cavity.

Fig. 9 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 9. Tommotiid Dailyatia sp., probable C−type sclerite, SAMP 43187 from MMF 0.0, lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia. A. Oblique apertural view showing asymmetric twist. B. Side view showing open coiling through almost a full whorl.

Fig. 6. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 6. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia, sellate sclerites. A. SAMP 43177 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; internal view of sclerite with damaged apex. B. SAMP 43178 (Dextral),Wilkawillina Q; B1, internal view of large specimen with apex removed by co−marginal breakage showing well developed duplicature; B2, Detail of duplicature showing minor co−marginal with nodose ornament and fine co−marginal and radial striae. C. SAMP 43179 (sinistral), Wilkawillina S; C1, side view of specimen with preserved apex viewed from the large lobe; C2, detail of lateral flank of large lobe with co−marginal ribs ornamented by nodes and superimposed reticulation. D. SAMP 43180 (Dextral), MMF 0.0; internal view of specimen with small lobe damaged showing cavity under duplicature of the large lobe.

Fig. 5. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 5. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia, sellate sclerites. A. SAMP 43172 (dextral), Wilkawillina Q; A1, dorsal view of specimen with large and small lobe strongly inclined and ornament of wide co−marginal ribs; A2, oblique dorsal view showing unequal height of the lobes; A3, detail of ornament on small lobe showing wide co−marginal ribs with nodes and superimposed reticulation and fine growth striae between the ribs. B. SAMP 43173 (dextral), MMF 0.0; B1, side view (from small lobe) of specimen with narrow and densely spaced co−marginal ribs showing tightly coiled apex; B2, oblique dorsal view showing deep sella, radial rib on large lobe overhanging the sella and faint radial folds on both large and small lobe. C. SAMP 43174 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; dorsal view of small specimen showing maximum inclination of large and small lobes. D. SAMP 43175 (dextral), MMF 0.0; D1, side view (from large lobe) of specimen with intermediate development of co−marginal ribs showing tightly coiled apex; D2, oblique dorsal view showing unequal development of lobes and relatively narrow sella. E. SAMP 43176 (sinistral), Wilkawillina Q; dorsal view of large specimen with damaged small lobe, radial folds on large lobe and wide sella without co−marginal ornament (abrasion?).

Fig. 4. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 4. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia, mitral sclerites. A. SAMP 43170 (sinistral), Wilkawillina S; A1, apertural view of large specimen showing deep apertural cavity and angular deflection of radial ribs on plicate side which is developed into a lip projecting under the accrescent side (on left in the picture); A2, view from accrescent side showing strong curvature of the specimen and aperture; A3, apical view showing initial equal development of radial ribs on plicate and obplicate (lowermost in picture) sides, development of the plicate side into a projecting lip and faint co−marginal ornament on the internal surface of the sclerite; A4, detail of apex showing circular perforation (breakage?) and subdued ornament. B. SAMP 43171 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; B1, apertural view of specimen showing deep apertural cavity, deflection of radial ribs on plicate side and growth disturbances on plicate and obplicate sides following damage and/or growth retardation at 2/3 of final sclerite length; B2, detail of growth disturbances on internal surface of obplicate side; B3, detail apex showing smoothly rounded apex without perforations.

Fig. 2. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 2. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990, from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia explanation of terminology. A, B. Sellate sclerites. A. SAMP 43172 (dextral), Wilkawillina Q, in dorsal view. B. SAMP 43178 (dextral),Wilkawinnina Q, in ventral view. C. Mitral sclerite, SAMP 43167 (sinistral), MMF 0.0, in apical view.

Fig. 3. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 3. Tommotiid Camenella reticulosa Conway Morris, 1990 from lower Cambrian Hawker Group, Flinders Ranges, Arrowie Basin, South Australia, mitral sclerites. A. SAMP 43164 (sinistral), Wilkawillina S; oblicate/accrescent view of sclerite showing wide radial ribs. B. SAMP 43165 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; obplicate/accrescent view of specimen with deep radial folds. C. SAMP 43166 (sinistral), Wilkawillina Q; C1, obplicate/ accrescent view of specimen with pointed apex; C2, decrescent view showing strong curvature of the aperture; C3, detail of shell ornament on accrescent side showing co−marginal ribs capped by nodes and a superimposed reticulation; C4, detail of smoothly rounded apex showing a circular depression. D. SAMP 43167 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; D1, oblique obplicate/accrescent view of small specimen; D2, apical view showing the almost equal development of radial ribs on plicate (lowermost in picture) and obplicate sides. E. SAMP 43168 (sinistral), MMF 0.0; oblique obplicate/accrescent view of specimen with minimal helical twist. F. SAMP 43169 (dextral), Bunyeroo 4b; F1, oblique apical/obplicate/decrescent view of abraded specimen with strong helical twist; F2, oblique apical/plicate/decrescent view showing angular deflection of strongly developed radial ribs on plicate side.

Fig. 1 in The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: Morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny

Fig. 1. Simplified locality map showing sample localities within the Wilkawillina Limestone that yielded Camenella at Bunyeroo Gorge, Wilkawillina Gorge and the MMF section in the central Flinders Ranges (A). The regional context of all localities within South Australia is also depicted (B, C).

Fig. 73 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 73. Globules from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River and Malaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A. Aetholicopalla adnata Conway Morris in Bengtson et al., 1990, SMNH X 4823, sample 7/70; lateral (A 1) and upper (A 3) views; A 2, view on the flattened side presumably representing attachment surface. B. Globule showing symmetrical tri-lobate deformation, SMNH X 4824, sample 3/50; plan (B ) and lateral (B ) views. Scale bar: A, 600 μm, B, 300 μm.

Fig. 71 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 71. Hexactinellid? spicules from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A. Monaxon with bulbous and barbed ends, SMNH Sp 10328, sample 6/0.3; A 1, lateral view; A 2, close-up of the barbed end. B, C, G. Monaxons with a bulbous end. B. SMNH Sp 10329, sample 7/34.7; lateral view. C. SMNH Sp 10330, sample 7/34.7; lateral view. G. SMNH Sp 10331, sample 7/36.7; lateral view. D, F. Nabaviella-like spicules. D. SMNH Sp 10332, sample 7/34.7; D 1, oblique lateral view; D 2, plan view on the radiating rays and broken termination of presumably proximal ray. F. SMNH Sp 10333, sample 7/36.7; F 1, plan view on the radiating rays and rounded tip of presumably proximal ray; F 2, lateral view. E. Hexactine with ribbed and bent rays, SMNH Sp 10327, sample 7/37.8; E 1, plan view on the radiating rays and tip of the ribbed presumably distal ray; E 2, lateral view. Scale bar: 600 μm, except A 2 , D 1 , E, 300 μm. as several hexactines with slim rays, including SMNH Sp 10324–10326, are found in samples 3/46.5, 3/49, 7/33, 7/34.7, and 7/36.7; correlated with the Delgadella anabara Zone, Atdabanian Stage. Emyaksin Formation, Malaya Kuonamka and Bol'shaya Kuonamka rivers.

Fig. 72 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 72. Spicules of heteractinid sponges from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River and Malaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia; sample 7/70 (A–D, H), sample K1-3B (E–G, I–K). A. SMNH Sp 10334; plan (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. SMNH Sp 10335; B1, lateral view; B 2, plan view on the distal end. C. SMNH Sp 10336; plan view. D. SMNH Sp 10337; plan (D1) and oblique lateral (D2) views. E. SMNH Sp 10338; plan (E1) and lateral (E2) views. F. SMNH Sp 10339; general view. G. SMNH Sp 10340; lateral view. H. SMNH Sp 10341; plan view. I. SMNH Sp 10342; lateral view. J. SMNH Sp 10343; oblique view. K. SMNH Sp 10344; lateral view. Scale bar 600 μm.

Fig. 69 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 69. Anabaritids from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River and Malaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A, E. Anabarites trisulcatus Missarzhevsky in Voronova and Missarzhevsky, 1969; sample 7/25.6. A. SMNH X 4818; transversal (A 1) and longitudinal (A 2, A 3) views. E. SMNH X 4819; transversal (E 1) and longitudinal (E 2, E 3) views. B, C. Anabarites cf. A. kelleri Missarzhevsky, 1989. B. SMNH X 4820, sample 3/53.5; longitudinal (B 1, B 2) and oblique transversal (B 3) views. C. SMNH X 4821, sample 6/59.3; transversal (C 1) and longitudinal (C 2) views. D. Anabarites cf. Kotuithes biplicatus Missarzhevsky, 1989; SMNH X 4822, sample 3/59; longitudinal (D 1) and transversal (D ) views. Scale bar 600 μm.

Fig. 66 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 66. Echinoderm thecal-plates of unknown affinity from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia; sample 7/70, except A, sample K1-3B. A. SMNH Ec 31528, outer view of elliptical plate with straight truncated-margin bearing 4 notches; external (A1) and oblique lateral (A2) views. B. SMNH Ec 31529, triangular, thick plate with one curved (abutment?) surface; B1, outer?, convex surface; B2, inner?, concave surface; B3, view of curved abutment? surface (to the top in B1 and B2). C–F. Rounded to trapezoidal-plate with truncated margin bearing comb-like structure (sutural-gaps?). C. SMNH Ec 31530, trapezoidal plate with comb-like structure (to the top) and opposite, tuberculated, facet (to the base); lateral (C1) and outer? (C2) views. D. SMNH Ec 31531, plate with reduced comb-like structure on truncated margin; D1, view of truncated margin; D2, convex, outer? surface (truncated-margin to the top); D3, concave, inner? surface (truncated-margin to the top). E. View of ellipsoidal truncated margin bearing shallow comb-like structure; SMNH Ec 31532. F. SMNH Ec 31530, rounded plate; F1, oblique, inner? view; F2, comb-like structure. G. SMNH Ec 31534, smooth, concavo-convex thecal-plate bearing small rounded epispires (to the back-right); oblique lateral-view. Scale bar 600 μm.

Fig. 67 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 67. Hyolithelminths from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River and Malaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A, C, D, F. Hyolithellus cf. H. insolitus Grigor'eva in Voronin et al. 1982. A. SMNH X 4798, sample 7/19; longitudinal view. C. SMNH X 4799, sample →

Fig. 68 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 68. Hyolithelminths Torellella sp. from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River,Anabar Uplift, Siberia; erosion of tubes. A. SMNH X 4811, sample K6-4B; A 1, general view on the inner surface of the tube fragment; A 2, close-up of A 1 showing a rounded squared hole partially penetrating the wall. B. SMNH X 4812, sample 7/30; B 1, general view on the inner surface of the tube fragments; B 2, rounded edge of the tube fragment with penetrating holes; B 3, close-up of B 2; B 4, close-up of B 1. C. SMNH X 4813, sample 7/30; general view on the inner surface of the tube fragments. D. SMNH X 4814, sample 6/66.2; D 1 , close-up of D 2 , orthogonal orientation of fibres in adjacent layers of the wall; D 2 , general view of an eroded fragment of tube. E. SMNH X 4815, sample 7 /25.6; view on the outer surface. F. SMNH X 4816, sample 7/60; broken edge of a tube fragment with layers in the wall penetrated by holes. G. SMNH X 4817, sample 7/39.5; view on the inner surface. Scale bar: A , B , D , E, G, 600 μm; C, F, 300 μm; B , 120 μm; B , D , 60 μm; A , 30 μm; B , 20 μm.

Fig. 64 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 64. Edrioasteroid thecal-plates from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A. SMNH Ec 31511, sample 7/70; view of triangular-surface of a thecal-plate with 6 ridges radiating from concave base (at the top). B. SMNH Ec 31512, sample 7/70; B1, view of triangular surface with 4 ridges radiating from the concave base (at the top); B2, view of the opposite, smooth triangular surface; B3, lateral view (peripheral rim of concave base arrowed) of the claw-like plate. C. SMNH Ec 31513, sample 7/70; C1, oblique view of concave base (peripheral rim arrowed) and triangular surface bearing radiating ridges; C2, lateral view. D. SMNH Ec 31514, sample 7/70; view of triangular, ridged surface and perpendicular concave base (rim arrowed). E. SMNH Ec 31515, sample 7/70; view of trapezoidal surface with faint ridges and perpendicular, rimmed concave-base (to the top). F. SMNH Ec 31516, sample 7/64; view of faintly ridged surface and concave base (at the top). G. Edrioasteroid ambulacral plate, SMNH Ec 31517, sample 7/70; G1, upper view (lateral sutural pore/gap arrowed); G2, oblique view (lateral, abradial? prong arrowed). Scale bar: 600 μm, except G, 300 μm.

Fig. 59 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 59. Carapace fragments of?bradoriids from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia. A. SMNH Ar 63460, sample 7/55.8; A1, lamellar microstructure of the wall; A2, concentric lamellae in a broken off tuberculum; A3, general view of a spine with deformed base. B. SMNH Ar 63454, sample 6/66.2; B1, lateral view of a prominent spine; B2, view on the apical part of the spine covered with reticulation and tubercles. C. SMNH Ar 63455, sample 6/66.2; C1, close-up of C2, tubercles and surface reticulation; C2, overall view of a tuberculate cone; C3, tuberculum enlarged. D. Paired tuberculate cones, SMNH Ar 63459, sample 7/55; plan view. E. Tuberculate cone, SMNH Ar 63457, sample 7/54; E1, general view; E2, close-up of E1, tubercules and surface reticulation. F. Prominent spine with weathered tubercles, SMNH Ar 63458, sample 7/54; lateral view. G. SMNH Ar 63456, sample 6/66.2; G1, G2, cuticular fragment with conical spine and residual reticulation. Scale bar: A1, A2, 15 μm; C1, C3, 60 μm; E2, 120 μm; B2, C2, D, G, 300 μm; A3, B1, E1, F, 600 μm.

Fig. 63. Eocrinoid brachiolar B in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 63. Eocrinoid brachiolar B (A–D) and brachioliferous (J, K) plates, with associated uniserial brachitaxial (E–H) and axillary (I) plates of unknown affinity from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia; sample 7/70. A. Axial view of brachiolar plate ( oral groove to the right) with longitudinal articulation surfaces arrowed, SMNH Ec 31500. B. Brachiolar plate with a low length-to-width ratio and concave distal and proximal articulation surfaces, SMNH Ec 31501; B 1 , axial view (longitudinal articulation surfaces arrowed); B 2 , lateral view (oral groove to the left in B 1 and B 2). C. Brachiolar plate with almost triangular lateral articulation, SMNH Ec 31502; C 1, lateral view of longitudinal articulation and oral groove (to the left); C 2, oblique view of concave axial-facets and longitudinal articulation surfaces (arrowed). D. Elongated brachiolar plate with almost straight, posterior longitudinal articulation, SMNH Ec 31503; D 1, lateral view of longitudinal articulations (arrowed) and oral groove (to the right); D 2, oblique view of slightly depressed axial-articulation (oral groove to the right). E. Brachial unbranched ossicle (brachitaxis) with oval aboral canal, →

Fig. 60 in An early Cambrian fauna of skeletal fossils from the Emyaksin Formation, northern Siberia

Fig. 60. Carapace fragment of a?bradoriid from lower Cambrian Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River, Anabar Uplift, Siberia; SMNH Ar 63461, sample 7/55. A. Plan view. B, C. Oblique views on the fragment. Scale bar 300 μm.