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421 results for “Ecology and Conservation”
Fig. 35 in Aquatic Coleoptera Of Singapore: Species Richness, Ecology And Conservation #
Fig. 35. Number of Water Beetle Species recorded in and/or outside of Singapore Nature Reserves.
Fig. 33 in Aquatic Coleoptera Of Singapore: Species Richness, Ecology And Conservation #
Fig. 33. Distributionin open and/or forested areas.
Fig. 6 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 6. The lectotype of Natrix asper Wagler. Photos by Michael Franzen.
Fig. 7 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 7. The holotype of Helicops fumigatus Cope, 1868. Photo by Ned Gilmore.
Fig. 4. NRM 17 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 4. NRM 17, the holotype for Helicops angulatus. Photo courtesy of NRM.
Figure 1 in A review of the ecology and conservation biology of Såli (Micronesian Starling, Aplonis opaca guami) on Guam
Figure 1. Såli, or Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca guami). Photo by Martin Kastner.
Figure 1 in Ecology and conservation of the endangered quillwort Isoetes sinensis in China
Figure 1. Map of China showing the location of the study sites, Jiande and Xiuning (w).
Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation
<p>A species may partition its realized ecological niche along bionomic and/or scenopoetic axes due to intraspecific competition for limited resources. How partitioning manifests depends on resource needs and availability by and for the partitioning groups. Here we demonstrate the utility of analyzing short- and long-term stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from imperiled marine megafauna to elucidate realized niche partitioning in these species. We captured 113 loggerhead (<em>Caretta</em> <em>caretta</em>) sea turtles at a high-use area near Crystal River, Florida, between 2016–2022, comprising 53 subadults, 10 adult males, and 50 adult females. Isotopic analyses indicated that loggerheads partition their realized ecological niche by life stage, along a scenopoetic axis. Most adults likely forage and reside in shallow areas of the study site, with most subadults displaying habitat switching between deeper locations to forage and shallower locations to rest. Some subadults, like adults, also forage and reside in shallow areas, and may display behaviors to avoid intraspecific competition. Analysis of stable isotopes with different turnover rates was critical for this characterization of intraspecific niche partitioning in loggerhead turtles, which has direct implications for ongoing research and conservation efforts for this and other imperiled species.</p>
Figure 1 in A review of amphidromous freshwater fishes of the Chocó biogeographical region (Colombia and Ecuador): diversity, ecology, fisheries and conservation
Figure 1. – Map of the Chocó Biogeographical Region in the Pacific of Colombia and Ecuador.
Conservation grounded in traditional ecological knowledge, culture, and hunting
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Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation
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Raw data for: Novel food resources and conservation of ecological interactions between the Andean Araucaria and the Austral parakeet
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Data from: Constrained optimization of landscape indices in conservation planning to support ecological restoration in New Caledonia
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Data from: Metabolic traits and thresholds to inform marine ecological conservation and restoration
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Data from: Islands in the desert for cavity-nesting bees and wasps: ecology, patterns of diversity, and conservation at oases of Baja California peninsula
<p>Aims: The oases of Baja California peninsula (BCP) have been proposed as important hotspots of biodiversity that hold an exceptional richness in the middle of desert conditions. We provide the effect of habitat, climatic, biogeographic and anthropogenic disturbance on communities of cavity nesting taxa, emphasizing on bees, wasps and their natural enemies. Location: Baja California Peninsula, Northwest Mexico.</p> <p>Methods: In oases of BCP and desert neighbor environments, trap-nesting taxa were evaluated in response to factors affecting the nest abundance, richness, and community structure. We used statistical models to find the variables controlling the nest abundance and ecological analyses to determine the habitat effect on diversity under different scenarios of disturbance and latitude.</p> <p>Results: The nest abundance varied between bees and wasps, but solar irradiation and relative humidity influenced the abundance of both groups. In general, abundance and richness were higher in oases. Bees did not discriminate between oasis and desert habitats to nest and mud-daubing wasps were highly dependent of oases. However, there were exceptions in both groups. The degree of anthropogenic disturbance affected the species composition, richness, and natural enemies.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The oases of Baja California seem to be functioning as mesic islands into the desert, each oasis hosting a great and unique richness of cavity-nesting taxa. About 65% of nest abundance and 50% of species occurred exclusively in the oasis. Thus, at least 21 species could be threatened if the oases of BCP disappear in the future. Local conditions are shaping the community structure of species, but also large-scale factors, e.g. climate and biogeographic patterns seem to be influencing the community structure. Since habitat loss and fragmentation can be a major problem in most oases, strategies to maintain the ecosystem services of pollinators and predators should be included in the conservation programs of these fragile habitats.</p>
Wild at heart: programs to diminish negative ecological and evolutionary effects of conservation hatcheries
<p>Hatchery programs are critical for conservation and management of many imperiled fishes. Most traditional aquaculture programs negatively affect ecological performance, genetic, and phenotypic diversity of hatchery-origin fish compared with wild counterparts. Here, we synthesize outcomes of three conservation programs aimed at enhancing 'wildness'. Each program focuses on a different species: lake sturgeon, razorback sucker, and Rio Grande silvery minnow. These species differ in key life history traits including size and age at sexual maturity, reproductive and migratory behavior, and habitat requirements. Threats to persistence of the focal taxa, however, exemplify common pressures experienced by freshwater fishes worldwide. Conservation hatchery programs for lake sturgeon, razorback sucker, and Rio Grande silvery minnow capitalize on natural spawning in the wild followed by collections of wild-fertilized eggs/larvae for hatchery rearing. Individuals are repatriated to the wild after rearing to body sizes less susceptible to mortality. Protocols include collections of eggs or larvae across the entire spawning period and at appropriate geographic scales to maximize retention of genetic diversity and, to increase the likelihood of preserving variation for heritable life history traits. Using direct and indirect evidence we show that hatchery programs that allow individuals to fulfill parts of the life-cycle in their native habitats can be conducted without compromising genetic diversity. Adoption of similar strategies in other imperiled fishes would improve understanding of species life history, and provide an incentive to protect native habitats so they may eventually support self-sustaining populations.</p>
Data from: The changing nature of collaboration in tropical ecology and conservation
Collaboration can improve conservation initiatives through increases in article impact and by the building scientific understating required for conservation practice. We investigated temporal trends in collaboration in the tropical ecology and conservation literature by examining patterns of authorship for 2,271 articles published from 2000 to 2016 in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology. Consistent with trends in other studies and scientific disciplines, we found that the mean number of authors per article increased from 2.6 in 2000 to 4.2 in 2015. We modeled changes in multi-national collaboration in articles using a generalized linear model, finding that the mean number of author-affiliated countries increased from 1.3 (± 0.6 SD) to 1.7 (± 0.8 SD) over time, and that increases were best explained by the number of authors per article. The proportion of authors based in tropical countries increased, but the probability of tropical-extratropical collaboration did not, and was best explained solely by the number of authors per article. Overall, our analyses suggest that only certain types of collaboration are increasing, and that these increases coincide with a general increase in the number of authors per article. Such changes in author numbers and collaboration could be the result of increased data-sharing, changes in the scope of research questions, changing authorship criteria, or scientific migration. We encourage tropical conservation scientists continue to build collaborative ties, particularly with researchers based in underrepresented tropical countries, to ensure that tropical ecology and conservation remains inclusive and effective.
Data from: Parallel tagged next-generation sequencing on pooled samples – a new approach for population genetics in ecology and conservation
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on pooled samples has already been broadly applied in human medical diagnostics and plant and animal breeding. However, thus far it has been only sparingly employed in ecology and conservation, where it may serve as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid assessment of species genetic diversity and structure at the population level. Here we undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy, practicality and limitations of parallel tagged amplicon NGS on pooled population samples for estimating species population diversity and structure. We obtained 16S and Cyt b data from 20 populations of Leiopelma hochstetteri, a frog species of conservation concern in New Zealand, using two approaches – parallel tagged NGS on pooled population samples and individual Sanger sequenced samples. Data from each approach were then used to estimate two standard population genetic parameters, nucleotide diversity (π) and population differentiation (FST), that enable population genetic inference in a species conservation context. We found a positive correlation between our two approaches for population genetic estimates, showing that the pooled population NGS approach is a reliable, rapid and appropriate method for population genetic inference in an ecological and conservation context. Our experimental design also allowed us to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of the pooled population NGS approach and outline some guidelines and suggestions that might be considered when planning future projects.
Data from: Ecological niche modelling for conservation planning of an endemic snail in the verge of becoming a pest in cardamom plantations in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Conservation managers and policy makers are often confronted with a challenging dilemma of devising suitable strategies to maintain agricultural productivity while conserving endemic species that at the early stages of becoming pests of agricultural crops. Identification of environmental factors conducive to species range expansion for forecasting species distribution patterns will play a central role in devising management strategies to minimize the conflict between the agricultural productivity and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present results of a study that predicts the distribution of Indrella ampulla, a snail endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, which is becoming a pest in cardamom (Ellettaria cardamomum) plantations. We determined the distribution patterns and niche overlap between I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modeling techniques under current and future (2020–2080) climatic scenarios. The results showed that climatic (precipitation of coldest quarter and isothermality) and soil (cation exchange capacity of soil [CEC]) parameters are major factors that determine the distribution of I. ampulla in Western Ghats. The model predicted cardamom cultivation areas in southern Western Ghats are highly sensitive to invasion of I. ampulla under both present and future climatic conditions. While the land area in the central Western Ghats is predicted to become unsuitable for I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum in future, we found 71% of the Western Ghats land area is suitable for Ellettaria cardamomum cultivation and 45% suitable for I. ampulla, with an overlap of 35% between two species. The resulting distribution maps are invaluable for policy makers and conservation managers to design and implement management strategies minimizing the conflicts to sustain agricultural productivity while maintaining biodiversity in the region.
Data from: The ecological implications of rubber-based agroforest: insect conservation and invasion control
<p>1. Protected areas are increasingly threatened by biological invasions, especially in Tropical Asia where extensive areas of natural habitats have been converted to monoculture plantations. Such disturbance provides a gateway for exotic species invasions, highlighting an urgent need for cross-boundary solutions to mitigate invasion impacts. 2. Agroforests, with multi-storied trees and crops resembling the complex structure of natural forest, are well-known to promote native species compared to monoculture plantations. Yet our knowledge on their roles in controlling exotic species is limited to plant invaders, with effects on animal invaders still unknown. Given that protected areas are increasingly threatened by invaders from surrounding plantations, with a majority of them represented by insects, it is important to evaluate the effect of agroforestry practice, and mechanisms of associated management to control invasions. 3. By using both taxonomic and functional trait-based approaches, we studied leaf litter ant communities in 12 rubber monoculture (mono-rubber), 9 rubber plantation with understory crops (agro-rubber), 16 secondary, and 12 old-growth secondary forest plots in and around protected areas in Hainan, China. Sampled ants were further classified into groups based on their invasive potential (tramp vs non-tramp) to determine the ecological values of agro-rubber. 4. We found that despite mono-rubber and agro-rubber presenting similar species richness, the latter 1) supports species composition and functional diversity more similar to secondary forests, and 2) reduces tramp ant species occurrence, a novel management incentive. Nonetheless, agro-rubber is not comparable to secondary forest in terms of non-tramp ant species composition. 5. Synthesis and applications. If it is not feasible to preserve natural forests in human-dominated landscapes against the growing threat of biological invasion, proactive mitigation through increasing the area of agro-rubber at the periphery of protected areas can reduce invasive species' establishment and spread. Plantation-based agroforestry has emerged as a potential management avenue and incentive for transforming monoculture plantations into a less "harmful" alternative.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.