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Fig. 5 in Cyrtodactylus Majulah, A New Species Of Bent-Toed Gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) From Singapore And The Riau Archipelago

Fig. 5. Type series of Cyrtodactylus majulah (all males). From left to right: ZRC 2.6950 (holotype), ZRC 2.6951 (paratype), ZRC 2.6952 (paratype), LSUHC 10458 (paratype), and ZRC 2.6953 (paratype).

Fig. 2 in Cyrtodactylus Majulah, A New Species Of Bent-Toed Gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) From Singapore And The Riau Archipelago

Fig. 2. Bayesian Inference tree (-ln L 13794.01) tree based on 1505 bp of ND2 showing the relationships between populations of Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus and the placement of C. majulah in the clade of swamp dwelling species. The tree is a Maximum Likelihood topology with Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and ML and MP bootstrap support values, respectively (BPP/ML/MP), at the nodes.

Fig. 4 in Cyrtodactylus Majulah, A New Species Of Bent-Toed Gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) From Singapore And The Riau Archipelago

Fig. 4. Holotype of Cyrtodactylus majulah (ZRC 2.6950, male) from Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Nee Soon Swamp-forest, Singapore.

Fig. 3. a in Cyrtodactylus Majulah, A New Species Of Bent-Toed Gecko (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) From Singapore And The Riau Archipelago

Fig. 3. a) Cyrtodactylus semenanjungensis LSUDPC 4450 from Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Johor, Malaysia. b) C. majulah LSUDPC 6307 from the Nee Soon Swamp, Singapore. c) C. pantiensis LSUDPC 4477 from Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Johor, Malaysia. d) C. payacola LSUDPC 6267 from Bukit Panchor, Penang, Malaysia.

FIG. 6. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 6. — H. ptyodactyli (cont.); A, macrogametocyte with more dilute ribosomal contents and nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus; B, large concentrically structured mitochondria; C-G, Haemoproteus tarentolae from Tarentola mauritanica; C-D, whole view of microgametocyte containing osmiophilic bodies, with folded attenuated ends; E, gametocyte with dense ribosomal contents; F, part of microgametocyte showing lobate nucleus, phagosomal residue inclusions and mitochondria; G, extremely lobate gametocyte. Abbreviations: e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; fe, empty food vacuole; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; nl, nucleolemma; nu, nucleolus; o, osmiophilic bodies; w, electron-lucent space. Scale bars: A-C, E-G, 1 µm; D, 0.5 µm.

FIG. 4. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 4. — H. oedurae (cont.); A, whole view of H. oedurae microgametocyte with three Golgi-like organelles and a few osmiophilic bodies; B-E, Haemoproteus ptyodactyli from Ptyodactylus hasselquistii; B, whole view of an apparently macrogametocyte with dense ribosomal contents; note small osmiophilic bodies; C, juvenile gametocyte with sub-pellicular arrays of microtubules; D, juvenile gametocytes exhibiting wall details (M, arrows) and cross sections of sub-pellicular microtubules; E, gametocyte showing reforming M3 (possibly also M2) (Mr) and large food vacuole. Abbreviations: e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; e', inclusion filled with electron-dense globules; fi, food vacuole; g, Golgi; M1, 2 and 3, parasite's outer, median and inner boundary membranes; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; nu, nucleolus; o, osmiophilic bodies; t, tubular structures; tt, true microtubules; v, vacuole. Scale bars: A-C, E, 0.5 µm; D, 0.25 µm.

FIG. 1 in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 1. — Haemoproteus edomensis in erythrocytes of Agama stellio; A, macrogametocyte with dense ribosomal contents, showing large inclusion with phagosomal residues, mitochondria and a vacuole; B, macrogametocyte (with dense ribosomal contents) showing the compact nucleus, two adjacent golgi-like tubular structures, inclusions, one containing membranous vesicular residue (e) and the other electron dense deposit (ee); C, macrogametocyte with tail-like ending (arrows), containing a compact nucleus with large nucleolus, an inclusion with phagosomal residue, mitochondria and "trapezoid" organelle; D, higher magnification view for details of the boundary membranes; E, detailed view of boundary membrane accompanied beneath by er extension; F, higher magnified view of a macrogametocyte, with compact nucleus, containing a conspicuous nucleolus, next to which can be seen an aggregate of granular matrix (arrow head); the cytoplasm contains bundles of er, a "trapezoid" and residue inclusions; G, unit membrane-bound food vacuole; H, detail from a juvenile gametocyte, showing a slit between the two lamellae of M1 and a heavy deposit between M1 and M2 (arrow); I, juvenile gametocyte showing a bundle of tubular structures (within a cisterna) and an electron-dense M3 membrane. Abbreviations: e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; ee, inclusion with electron-dense deposit; e', inclusion filled with electron-dense material; er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; fi, food vacuole; g, Golgi; M1, 2 and 3 parasite's outer, median and inner boundary membranes; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; t, tubular structures; tr, "trapezoid organelle"; v, vacuole. Scale bars: A-C, F-H, 1 µm; D, 2.5 µm; E, I, 0.5 µm.

FIG. 2. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 2. — H. edomensis (cont.); A, enlarged view (macrogametocyte?) showing mitochondria, some with electron-dense deposit (open arrow), Golgi-like organelle, vacuoles with phagosomal residue, trapezoid body and inclusions of unknown nature; B, apparently juvenile stage with nucleus containing two (split) nucleoli, some endoplasmic reticulum is filled with electron-dense material (larger arrow), and M3 is also visible (smaller arrows), tubular structures are enclosed within an endoplasmic reticulum cisterna; C, view of tubulies inside cisternae; D, macrogametocyte with dense ribosomal contents, a compact nucleus and a Golgi-like organelle; E-F, Haemoproteus mackerrasi; E, H. mackerrasi gametocyte inside an erythrocyte of Heteronota binoei; F, H. mackerrasi in gut contents of Culex fatigans induced to engorge Heteronota binoei. Note loose, undulating lamina remaining of M1 membrane (arrows). Abbreviations: cy, cytostome; e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); g, Golgi; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; nu, nucleolus; o, osmiophilic bodies; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; t, tubular structures; tr, "trapezoid organelle"; v, vacuole. Scale bars: 1 µm.

FIG. 5. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 5. — H. ptyodactyli (cont.); A, whole view of a macrogametocyte; note an inclusion of unknown entity, i, and sub-pellicular vacuoles, vi; B, juvenile gametocyte with conspicuous cytostome connected to food vacuole, with adjacent empty food vacuole (fe); C, folded microgametocyte (Mi) with lobated nucleus and numerous osmiophilic bodies, note its lower ribosomal content in comparison to the dense ribosomal content in the cytoplasm of the adjacent macrogametocyte (Ma); D, sector of a microgametocyte showing osmiophilic bodies connected by a ductule with the cell boundary zone (empty arrow - inclusion of unknown entity); E, cross section of a microgametocyte with numerous osmiophilic bodies. Abbreviations: cy, cytostome; e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; fi, food vacuole; g, Golgi; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; tt, true microtubules; v, vacuole. Scale bars: A, B, D, 0.5 µm; C, 2 µm; E, 1 µm.

FIG. 3. — A-B, H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 3. — A-B, H. mackerrasi (cont.); A, enlarged view of intraerythrocytic H. mackerrasi; B, enlarged detail to show wall membranes of H. mackerrasi infecting an intrahepatic proerythrocyte; C-F; Haemoproteus oedurae, apparently microgametocyte stages, from Oedura castelnaui; C, general view; D, microgametocyte with a very large mitochondrion and a conspicuous Golgi-like organelle; E, anterior end, showing oblong osmiophilic bodies; F, detailed view of Golgi-like organelle. Abbreviations: ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; g, Golgi; M1, 2 and 3, parasites' outer, median and inner boundary membranes; m, mitochondrion; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic body. Scale bars: 0.5 µm.

FIG. 8. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 8. — H. tarentolae (cont.); A, juvenile gametocyte; B, another microgametocyte with the central electron-lucent space. Abbreviations: e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; fi, food vacuole; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; w, electron-lucent space. Scale bars: 1 µm.

FIG. 7. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 7. — H. tarentolae (cont.), a microgametocyte with central, large, electron-lucent space. Abbreviations: n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; w, electron-lucent space. Scale bar: 1 µm.

Fig. 5 in A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region

Fig. 5. Gekko mizoramensis sp. n., coloration in life, (a) holotype NCBS NRC-AA-4514, (b) juvenile MZMU-2880. Photos by LAL MUANSANGA.

Figure 2 in A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region

Figure 2. Multivariate PCA plot showing the separation of Gekko mizoramensis sp. n. (red) from G. popaensis (green).

Figure 4 in A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region

Figure 4. Gekko mizoramensis sp. n. holotype, female, NCBS NRC-AA-4514, head in (a) left lateral view, (b) dorsal view, (c) ventral view. Photos by ZEESHAN A. MIRZA.

Figure 1 in A new species of Parachute Gecko of the subgenus Ptychozoon (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko) from the Indo-Burma region

Figure 1. The ML phylogeny based on a fragment of the mitochondrial ND2 gene for members of the subgenus Ptychozoon shows the new species' phylogenetic position. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support values (BS).

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Evolution along allometric lines of least resistance: Morphological differentiation in Pristurus geckos

Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures, which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected by allometric trends and trait integration levels is less well understood. Here we evaluate the role of allometry in shaping body size and body form diversity in Pristurus geckos utilizing differing habitats. We found that patterns of allometry and integration in body form were distinct in species with different habitat preferences, with ground-dwelling Pristurus displaying the most divergent allometric trend and high levels of integration. There was also strong concordance between intraspecific allometry across individuals and evolutionary allometry among species, revealing that differences in body form among individuals were predictive of evolutionary changes across the phylogeny at macroevolutionary scales. This suggested that phenotypic evolution occurred along allometric lines of least resistance, with allometric trajectories imposing a strong influence on the magnitude and direction of size and shape changes across the phylogeny. When viewed in phylomorphospace, the largest rock-dwelling species were most similar to the smallest ground-dwelling species, and vice versa. Thus, in Pristurus, phenotypic evolution along the differing habitat-based allometric trajectories resulted in similar body forms at differing body sizes in distinct ecological habitats.

publicSep 2024View details →

Data from: The effect of miniaturization on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in geckos

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publicDec 2025View details →

Data and code from: Life under leaves: Substrate-borne vibrations provide a window into the behavior and ecology of two miniaturized geckos

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