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Fig. 2 in The Latitudinal Distribution Of Sphingid Species Richness In Continental Southeast Asia: What Causes The Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' In Northern Thailand?
Fig. 2. Estimated local species richness (ACE) from nine quantitative light trapping sites. Fisher's α, an alternative measure of local diversity (not shown), is lowest at the Malaysian sites (α = 7–13) and highest at a montane site in Northwestern Thailand (α = 30), whereas the Vietnam sample and other Thai sites score intermediately (α = 11–21).
Fig. 1. A in The Latitudinal Distribution Of Sphingid Species Richness In Continental Southeast Asia: What Causes The Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' In Northern Thailand?
Fig. 1. A, Estimated species richness (simplified from Beck & Kitching, 2004); B, Sampling intensity (kernels of original distribution records, smoothed; software by Hooge et al., 1999); C, altitudinal zonation (from digital elevation model, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/ seltopo.html). Elevation classes are [m]: 0–500 (white), 501–1000, 1001–1500, 1501–2000,>2001 (black); D, Landscape types (simplified from remote sensing data, http://www-gvm.jrc.it/glc2000). Agricultural and highly disturbed areas are printed in light grey, mosaic and bush in dark grey and closed forests in black.
Fig. 3 in The Latitudinal Distribution Of Sphingid Species Richness In Continental Southeast Asia: What Causes The Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' In Northern Thailand?
Fig. 3. Abundance (number of species, y-axis) and the latitudinal mean of their range in four regions. Black bars indicate the approximate latitudinal extend of the regions under investigation.
Fig. 30 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Fig. 30. Altitudinal zonation of Chelipoda species on Doi Inthanon. The abundance at each elevation and date is proportional to the area of the circles; C. hubeiensis Yang & Yang (open circles); C. flavida Brunetti (shaded circles).
Fig. 29 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Fig. 29. Altitudinal zonation of Chelipoda nakropa new species on Doi Inthanon. The abundance at each elevation and date is proportional to the area of the circles; high elevation morph (open circles); mid elevation morph (shaded circles).
Fig. 18 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Fig. 18. Chelipoda thaosuranaria new species, male genitalia. Abbreviations: Epan+Hypan, fused epandrium and hypandrium; lcer, lower lobe of cercus; mem, median membrane separating left and right lobes of fused epandrium + hypandrium; ph, phallus; pgt, postgonite; subep, subepandrial process; ucer, upper lobe of cercus.
Figs. 14–17 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 14–17. Chelipoda nakropa new species: 14. male genitalia in lateral view: 15–17: variation in form of male cercus: 15–16 high elevation morph; 17. mid elevation morph.
Figs. 1–6 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 1–6. Male genitalia of Chelipoda species in lateral view: 1. C. chaiamnata new species; 2. C. flavida Brunetti; 3. C. guangxiensis Yang & Yang; 4. C. inthawichayanona new species: 5–6 C. hubeiensis Yang & Yang; 5. typical form; 6. variant (outline only).
Fig. 31 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Fig. 31. Influence of altitude on seasonal abundance of Chelipoda spp. on Doi Inthanon. Radial plot of species richness (number of species) throughout the year. Approximate limits of the major seasons are indicated.
Figs. 25–28 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 25–28. Chelipoda species: 25. C. manggawna new species, male; 26. C. macrosceles new species, female habitus; 27. C. nakropa new species, male, front femora showing chaetotaxy; 28. C. hubeiensis Yang & Yang, female, wing. Abbreviations: bm, cell bm; br, cell br; bs, basal spines; d, denticles; dm, cell dm; dm-cu, crossvein dm-cu; s, spines.
Figs. 12–13 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 12–13. Male genitalia of Chelipoda species in lateral view: 12. C. nakladam new species; 13. C. menglunana Grootaert, Yang & Saigusa. Abbreviations: lcer, lower lobe of cercus; subep, subepandrial process; ucer, upper lobe of cercus.
Figs. 19–24 in Diversity Of Chelipoda Macquart, 1823 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) In Northern Thailand With Discussion Of A Biodiversity 'Hot Spot' At Doi Inthanon
Figs. 19–24. Thoracic dorsum of Chelipoda spp. showing schematic pattern of ground colour. 19–20. C. macrosceles new species: 19. male; 20. female: 21. C. flavida Brunneti, male: 22–23. C. nakropa new species, male: 22. high elevation morph; 23. mid elevation morph: 24. C. chaiamnata new species, male.
Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones. in A New Oligocene Flora From Ludvíkovice Near Děčín (České Středohoří Mts., The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 3. Textures of main volcaniclastic deposits exposed in abandoned Ludvíkovice quarry. a: radial cracks surrounding some boulders (see arrows) in hot lahar deposit. b: jig-saw fit of fractures (see arrows) within a mega-block of debris-avalanche deposit. c: pseudo-fiamme texture of compacted argillized pumice-fall deposit. d: trachybasaltic lapilli-stone of phreato-magmatic eruption. e: palaeo-relief developed and buried within the pyroclastic unit. f: diagonal bedding in fluvial volcanigenic sandstones. g: diluted and fine-grained lahars embedded in volcanigenic sandstones.
Figure 8 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 8. Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov., confocal laser scanning micrograph of the spermatopositor of a male paratype, dorsal view. Total length is 180 Mm.
Figure 5 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 5. Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov., scanning electron microgarphs of a male paratype. A, ventral view of whole body. B, ozophore. C, prosomal ventral complex. D, anal region. E, spiracle.
Figure 4 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 4. Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov., paratype female. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 9 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 9. Phylogeny of selected members of the family Sironidae, based on the combined analysis of 18S, 28S, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and 16S under direct optimization and equal weighting. The support values on branches indicate the jackknife frequencies. Each weighting scheme is assigned a code corresponding to the ratio of indel/transversion, transversion/transition, and transition values. Tree lengths for the different parameter sets are as follows: 111, 2914; 121, 4585; 211, 3228; 3221, 6168. Black squares indicate monophyly; grey squares indicate that either the group is paraphyletic or the internal relationships are different.
Figure 7 in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 7. Paramiopsalis eduardoi sp. nov., scanning electron microgarphs of the legs of a male paratype. A, metatarsus and tarsus I. B, tarsal claw I. C, metatarsus and tarsus II. D, tarsal claw II. E, metatarsus and tarsus III. F, tarsal claw III. G, metatarsus and tarsus IV. H, detail of the adenostyle. I, tarsal claw IV.
Figure 2. Parasiro coiffaiti Juberthie, 1956, lectotype male. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C in The Iberian Peninsula: ancient history of a hot spot of mite harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Sironidae) diversity
Figure 2. Parasiro coiffaiti Juberthie, 1956, lectotype male. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
A Theoretical Window into the Wind Clumping Properties of Magnetic Hot Star Winds
<p>Winds from hot, massive OB stars are driven by scattering and absorption of the stellar radiation by spectral lines. The standard line-driven wind theory of CAK predicts a smooth, steady outflow but neglects a strong radiation instability, resulting in strong shocks and a highly structured, clumped wind. Treating clumping arising from this line-deshadowing instability (LDI) is of key importance in accurately interpreting observed spectral diagnostics of massive star winds. Indeed, if not correctly accounted for, such wind clumping may lead to quite dramatic errors in inferred mass-loss properties and to correspondingly large errors in massive-star evolution predictions. So far theory and observation of the LDI have only investigated wind clumping for non-magnetic OB stars. Meanwhile, quantitative wind clumping behaviour for magnetic massive stars has not been established. However, by now there is ample evidence from spectropolarimetric surveys that a subset of OB stars in our Galaxy possesses strong, global surface magnetic fields believed to be of primordial origin. This magnetic field leads to a quenching of mass loss and can significantly alter stellar evolution, with speculations that it may even lead to formation of high stellar mass black holes. Such mass-loss rates have up until now relied on smooth wind predictions, hence do not take into account the intrinsic clumpy structures. In this contribution I present the first results of 2D numerical simulations on magnetic LDI winds that self-consistently predict the wind clumping phenomenon. I show the possible pathways to structure formation and discuss this in light of our recently carried out analytical perturbation analysis. Finally, I discuss the resulting wind clumping properties and the possible effects on observational diagnostics.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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