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1,039 results for “Hubbard Brook”
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Area Index (LAI) Watershed 1
Leaf area index (LAI) of the mature deciduous forest on WS1 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is estimated on the basis of leaf litterfall collections; the raw data for litterfall are posted in the EDI data package – Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 – present (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=49). This watershed was treated with a calcium silicate mineral (wollastonite) in 1999 to gradually replace Ca lost as a result of acid deposition. Leaf litterfall is collected in 0.097 m2 litter traps raised 1.5 m above ground level and is sorted by species. The number of leaves of each species is counted. The counts are multiplied by the average area per leaf for each species in each plot to estimate LAI. Litter traps are located randomly within each of three plots that are arranged along the elevation gradient within the deciduous forest zone.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Area Index (LAI) Bear Brook Watershed (West of Watershed 6)
Leaf area index (LAI) of the mature deciduous forest in the Bear Brook watershed (west of WS6) at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is estimated on the basis of leaf litterfall collections; the raw data for litterfall are posted in the EDI data package – Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 – present (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=49). Leaf litterfall collected in 0.097 m2 litter traps is sorted by species. The number of leaves of each species is counted. The counts are multiplied by the average area per leaf for each species in each plot to estimate LAI. Litter traps are located randomly within each of four plots that are arranged along the elevation gradient within the deciduous forest zone. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Leaf Area Index (LAI) Throughfall Plots
Leaf area index (LAI) of the mature deciduous forest adjacent to WS6 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is estimated on the basis of leaf litterfall collections; the raw data for litterfall are posted in the EDI data package – Fine Litterfall Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1992 – present (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=49). These plots are designated TF, referring to throughfall chemistry collections performed at these plots many years ago (Lovett et al. 1996). Leaf litterfall is collected in 0.097 m2 litter traps raised 1.5 m above ground level and is sorted by species. The number of leaves of each species is counted. The counts are multiplied by the average area per leaf for each species in each plot to estimate LAI. Litter traps are located randomly within each of three plots that are arranged along the elevation gradient within the deciduous forest zone. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Gary M. Lovett, Scott S. Nolan, Charles T. Driscoll, and Timothy J. Fahey. Factors regulating throughfall flux in a New Hampshire forested landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 26(12): 2134-2144. https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-242
The Hubbard Brook Stream Ecology Record: Light, 2018 - ongoing
The Hubbard Brook Stream Ecology record is a companion dataset to the Hubbard Brook Watershed Stream and Precipitation Chemistry record. The Stream Ecology record started in 2018 and HBWatER collects ecological samples from seven gauged watersheds: Watersheds 1 through 6 and Watershed 9. HBWatER measures algal biomass, aquatic invertebrate emergence, and stream decomposition by measuring (1) chlorophyll-a on tiles and artificial moss, which approximate algal biomass growth on bare rock and bryophyte mats, (2) preserved algal biomass on artificial moss substrates in Lugol’s Iodine solution, (3) aquatic invertebrate emergence on replicate sticky traps placed above the stream, and (4) stream decomposition through leaf litter pack and cotton strip decay. To complement these ecological records, HBWaTER installed light sensors and field cameras to obtain better information about the light and stream environment daily. Three replicate light sensors that take sub-daily measurements of light level intensity are placed at each watershed at the weir pond (full-sun), and two under the canopy (partial shade). Field cameras take daily photos at noon of the stream canopy and the stream channel. While many studies at Hubbard Brook have measured algal biomass, aquatic invertebrates, and stream decomposition, they are scattered in locations across the valley, were performed at non-continuous times, and use various semi-comparable methods. The HBWatER Stream Ecology record was created to address this gap and systematically measure any long-term changes in the organisms living in the stream. The collection of HBWatER samples is currently sustained by Tammy Wooster (Cary IES) and analyses of these samples has been performed by Heather Malcom (Cary IES), Audrey Thellman (Duke), and Geoff Wilson (Cary IES). The dataset is curated and maintained by a team of researchers: Chris Solomon (Cary IES), Emma Rosi (Cary IES), and Emily Bernhardt (Duke). Current Financial Support for HBWatER is pro
Soil temperature along an elevation gradient at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2010 - ongoing
Soil temperature and soil moisture have been measured at multiple locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling (http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_groffman_snow_summary.html). In October 2010, we established 6, 20 x 20-m plots (intensive plots) and 14 10 x 10-m plots (extensive plots) along an elevation gradient, with eight of the plots on north-facing slopes and twelve on south-facing slopes. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at hourly intervals on these plots beginning in November 2010. Six locations were discontinued in September 2012 (E04, E05, E06, E11-B, E13, and E14). Previous versions of this dataset included both temperature and moisture. These data are now available as temperature (this dataset) and moisture (https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=137). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Subsurface Water Chemistry
This dataset consists of chemical analyses of subsurface water samples collected from Watershed 3, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, NH, USA from 2009-2020. Samples include groundwater samples pumped from monitoring wells, grab samples of natural groundwater seeps, and soil water samples pumped from Prenart lysimeters. For samples from wells where water table was monitored, depth to water table is given. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 4 Vegetation Inventory
Twenty-five meter strips were cut progressively on a 2 year cycle on Watershed 4 at HBEF from 1970-1974 for moderate impact on the terrain. 25 x 25 meter vegetation plots were established post cutting and have been measured regularly for estimates and timing of herbaceous plant and tree succession. Ten years into regrowth there was no noticeable difference between the age of the strips and vegetation cover. By year 40 successional pin cherry died off and northern hardwoods returned as the dominant trees with yellow birch playing a particularly prominent role due to the abundance of seeds provided by remaining adults along cut strips. This dataset contains a table of tree measurements and a table of sapling measurements. These vegetation measurements continue at approximately 10 year intervals. Details about this study and data collection can be found in: Martin, C. Wayne; Hornbeck James W. 1989. Revegetation after strip cutting and block clearcutting in northern hardwoods: a 10-year history. Res. Pap. NE-625. Broomall, PA: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 17 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-RP-625 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 15 Minute Barometric Pressure Measurements, 2018 – present
Barometric pressure has been measured at 15-minute intervals at the Headquarters Station at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest since 2018. These data are gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Droughtnet soil moisture, temperature and soil water potential
The forest drought experiment prototype at Hubbard Brook was constructed in 2015, as part of the International Drought Experiment (IDE) coordinated by the DroughtNet Research Coordination Network. The throughfall exclusion experiment was designed to simulate a 1-in-100-year drought during an average precipitation year by diverting ~50% of forest throughfall from each treatment plot starting in May 2015 (Asbjornsen et al., 2018). Throughfall was intercepted by reinforced polyethylene troughs and diverted passively to the downslope side of each plot. Each throughfall exclusion plot was 15 x 15 meters in area. TFE plots were designated with the labels 7 and 8 to avoid any confusion with the nearby CCASE plots (which are labeled 1-6). Plots were not trenched to isolate them from the surrounding soil. In May 2019 throughfall removal was increased to approximately 95% (i.e. full coverage but with stemflow not fully excluded). Throughfall exclusion treatments ended in February 2020. Recovery and return to baseline conditions were monitored during 2020 (when a natural drought occurred) and 2021 (a more normal year). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Droughtnet fine root production from ingrowth cores
To assess relative production of fine roots in droughted and reference plots that are part of the Hubbard Brook DroughtNet study, mesh-free root ingrowth (total depth 20cm) were installed during most study years. Multiple subplots for destructive soil measurements were reserved within plots 7 and 8, and just outside reference plots 1 and 2 in 2015. Fine root production is a component of NPP that is often not well measured in global change experiments. The ingrowth core methodology used may not perfectly represent belowground NPP in the surrounding intact soil, but should provide a reliable metric of relative differences among plots and over time. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Organic components of decomposing hardwood boles at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1990-2016
In 1990-1991 segments of boles from felled sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia) trees were placed in the field to study the rate of decomposition and nutrient loss (or gain) over time. The segments incubated in the field, ranging from 0.5-1.3 meters in length, were paired with fresh segments from the same trees. The fresh segments were taken to the lab shortly after felling, dried, weighed and subsampled. Fresh samples of wood and bark were collected separately. Incubated bole segments were collected in 1993 (T1), 1997 (T2), 2001 (T3), 2007 (T4) and 2015/2016 (T5). The whole bole segments were transported to the lab, measured, dried and weighed to determine mass loss. Subsamples of the bole wood and bark were collected for chemical analysis, including cross-polarization with magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR. Chemical analyses were conducted concurrently on the fresh (T0) and incubated samples. This data package includes the unprocessed NMR data, phased spectra, and integrated (spectral area) data in chemical shift regions that correspond to key structural groups. This data set includes data for T1, T3, T4, and T5 samples and their paired T0 fresh samples. Samples from T2 were measured for mass, but inadvertently discarded prior to chemical analysis. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Lateral Weathering Pedon Descriptions
Soil pits and horizons were described and sampled as part of the Lateral Weathering project within Watershed 3, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, NH, USA from 2018-2020. Soil pits were dug and described using NRCS methods. When possible, physical samples were archived in the Hubbard Brook Sample Archive. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Biomass accumulation in trees and downed wood at Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, the Bowl Natural Research Area, and the White Mountain National Forest, NH, USA
Standing trees and downed wood were inventoried in all of the chronosequence stands in the White Mountains, New Hampshire to characterize biomass. Live and standing dead trees were inventoried in the chronosequence stands in 1994, 2004, 2012, and 2021. Coarse (≥ 7.6 cm diameter) and fine woody debris (3.0 – 7.6 cm) were inventoried at the same stands in 2004 and 2020. Twigs (FWD < 3.0 cm) were inventoried in 2004 and 2020. The Bowl and Mt. Pond old-growth sites were inventoried (standing trees and downed wood) in 2021.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Data for Stream bryophytes promote cryptic productivity, 2018-2021
This is the data and code associated with "Stream bryophytes promote 'cryptic' productivity in highly oligotrophic headwaters. Recent observations document increased abundance of algae in the headwater streams of Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF). It is possible that this 'greening up' of HBEF streams may be due to climate change with rising temperatures, altered terrestrial phenology, and shifting hydrologic regimes. Alternatively, stream 'greening' could be due to the slow recovery of stream chemistry from decades of acid rain, which have led to rising stream water pH, declining concentrations of toxic Al3+, and extremely low solute concentrations. Three years of weekly algal measurements on contrasting substrates, 6 nutrient enrichment experiments reveal important new insights about the interactions between these two groups of autotrophs. We predicted that light availability, hydrologic disturbance and nutrient limitation were all important determinants of algal biomass in streams. To evaluate the relative strength and hierarchy of these limiting factors, we used nutrient diffusing substrates to investigate the role of nutrients for algae and compared algal accrual rate on artificial rock vs. moss substrates in stream channels vs. weir ponds to assess the role of hydrologic disturbance and scour. Our surveys and experiments spanned across seasons and local light regimes. Algal biomass was substantially higher in protected weir ponds than in stream channels, and in both habitats, algal biomass was substantially higher on artificial moss substrates than on tiles. Taken together, these results suggest that moss can provide physical protection from flood scour. Algal biomass instream on both substrate types was higher in high light seasons (pre-leaf out) and well-lit habitats indicating strong light limitation. Results from a series of 6 nutrient diffusing substrate experiments over the course of 2 years provided little evidence of nutrient limitation instream
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 10-ha bird plot territory maps, 1969 - 2021
Maps showing the estimated territorial boundaries of all bird species occupying the 10-ha bird plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1969-2021. These data were used in estimating the abundance of bird populations during this period (e.g., Holmes and Sturges 1975, Holmes et al. 1986, Holmes and Sherry 1988, 2001, Holmes 2011). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Papers associated with this dataset: Holmes, R. T., & Sturges, F. W. (1975). Bird Community Dynamics and Energetics in a Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44(1), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857 Sherry, T. W. (1979). Competitive interactions and adaptive strategies of American Redstarts and Least Flycatchers in a northern hardwoods forest. The Auk, 96(2), 265-283. Holmes, R. T., Bonney, R. E., & Pacala, S. W. (1979). Guild Structure of the Hubbard Brook Bird Community: A Multivariate Approach. Ecology, 60(3), 512–520. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936071 Holmes, R. T., Sherry, T. W., & Sturges, F. W. (1986). Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Long-Term Trends at Hubbard Brook. Ecological Monographs, 56(3), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937074 Holmes, R. T., & Robinson, S. K. (1988). Spatial patterns, foraging tactics, and diets of ground-foraging birds in a northern hardwoods forest. The Wilson Bulletin, 377-394. Holmes, R. T., & Sherry, T. W. (1988). Assessing population trends of New Hampshire forest birds: local vs. regional patterns. The Auk, 105(4), 756-768. 10.2307/4087390 Holmes, R. T., & Sherry, T. W. (2001). Thirty-year bird population trends in an unfragmented temperate deciduous forest: importance of habitat change. The Auk, 118(3), 589-609. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.3.589 Holmes, R. T. (2011). Avian population and community process
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Annual measurements on marked northern red oak seedlings, 2014-ongoing
Marked individual northern red oak seedlings were individually marked and mapped at 20 valleywide transects starting in summer 2011. This data set includes detailed seedling measures starting in summer 2014. The data were used to examine the impact of previous year seedling condition on whether the seedling survived in the next season. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Ten-year interval tree-remeasure of a Northern Hardwood Forest: Bird Area, 1981 - ongoing, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
These data depict change in the northern hardwood forest at mid-elevation (360-680 m a.s.l.) over 40 years from 1981 – 2021. The data set includes 7443 trees over time. During this period, there was no trend in basal area or biomass, but there was a decrease in tree density and diversity and an increase in quadratic mean diameter. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 2019 and 2022 Stream Bryophyte Abundance
Stream bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) are widely recognized as important macroinvertebrate habitats, but their overall role in the stream ecosystem, particularly in nutrient cycling, remains understudied. Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest contains some of the most extensively researched streams in the world, yet few studies mention their bryophytes. Perhaps this is because early estimates place stream bryophyte coverage at an insignificant 2%. However, data from 2019 show that contemporary coverage ranges from 4%–40% among streams. To investigate how stream bryophyte cover may be changing over time and influencing stream nutrient stocks, we conducted field surveys, measured organic and inorganic mass contents of bryophytes, and quantified nutrient uptake with bottle incubations of bryophyte mats. This study marks a novel attempt to map stream bryophyte coverage with estimates of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen stocks and fluxes. From our 2022 field surveys, we found that median bryophyte coverage can vary greatly across streams in the same catchment (0%–41.4%) and can also shift from just three years prior. We estimate that these bryophyte mats store between 14–414 g of organic matter per m2 of stream in the form of live biomass and captured particulates. Out of 36 bryophyte clump samples, 35 sorbed peak historical water column concentrations of PO43- measured within the Hubbard Brook stream chemistry record within 12 hours of light incubation. In Bear Brook, our scaled estimate of bryophyte mat nitrate uptake (2.3 g N y-1) constitutes a substantial portion of previously estimated whole-stream nitrate uptake (12 g N y-1). Cumulatively, our data demonstrates that bryophytes and their associated mineral substrates and biota—known as the bryosphere—are crucial in facilitating headwater stream nutrient cycling. These bryospheres may contribute significantly to interannual variability in stream nutrient concentrations within nutrient-poor streams, especially in clim
Hubbard Brook Stream Ecology Record: Diatom Species Richness and Voucher Flora, 2018-2022
This dataset contains species richness data for epiphytic diatom communities collected from weir ponds in seven headwater streams within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire between 2018 and 2021. Diatom samples were gathered using artificial bryophyte substrates, deployed in weir ponds to mimic natural diatom habitats. Species richness was quantified by identifying diatom taxa to the lowest possible taxonomic level, with 86 taxa spanning 43 genera recorded. This dataset represents the first comprehensive classification of diatom communities at HBEF, providing a baseline for future studies in this ecosystem. Environmental variables, including light availability, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and pH, were concurrently measured to assess their influence on diatom community composition. The light (lux) data used in this study is openly available in the EDI Data Portal at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/0f40b75b299494d736645d940fa2b5a4. The chlorophyll-a data and analysis methodology are available at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/7fa32d94240fc7780d62cb7e65eafdb2. Reach characteristics were sourced from the EDI Data Portal at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3e4b95149245341d522383bba51de7c7. This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between environmental factors and diatom diversity in northern hardwood forest streams, aiding ecological monitoring and bioindicator studies. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Forest Inventory of a Northern Hardwood Forest: Bird Area at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1981
The forest inventory surveys in the bird area were initiated in 1981 and transects were made permanent in 1991. The inventory is representative of approximately 2.5 km-squared of mid elevation northern hardwood forest. It consists of a total inventory of all trees >=10 cm dbh, within each of four 10 m wide belt transects. The parallel transects are placed approximately 200 m apart and run roughly in an east-west direction for 2200 to 2900 m. In 1991, each live stem >=10 cm dbh was tagged with a unique number. Tree vigor is assessed every two years and diameter is remeasured every ten years. Every two years, new tags are placed on stems that have grown into the 10 cm diameter class. A survey of smaller trees (>=2 to <10 cm dbh) was first taken in 1991 and is resurveyed every ten years. This dataset includes the initial inventory values measured in 1981. The full timeline of tree inventory data for this site is available at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/58dfdebfd1b6440510def2394ab92c53 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
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