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Fig. 3. Plate XI in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 3. Plate XI from Cantor (1836), showing cranium, mandible, dissected head and venom glands of a syntype of Hamadryas hannah Cantor, 1836.

Fig. 2. Plate X in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 2. Plate X from Cantor (1836), showing head with neck expanded in anterior and posterior views of a syntype of Hamadryas hannah Cantor, 1836.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 5. Holotype of Naia vittata Elliot, 1840. Top. Photograph of the preserved holotype specimen BMNH 1996.451. Bottom. Plate I from Elliot (1840).

Fig. 8. Plate 8 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 8. Plate 8, from Fayrer (1872) depicting the 'Dusky variety' of Ophiophagus elaps (Günther, 1858), and corresponding to Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov., showing entire body of a hooding adult in mostly a dorsolateral view.

Fig. 15 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 15. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov. showing variation in colour pattern. A. Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India (photo: Naveen Joseph). B–C. Agumbe, Karnataka, India (photo: P. Gowri Shankar). D. Goa, India (photo: P. Gowri Shankar).

Fig. 7. Plate 7, figures 1–4 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 7. Plate 7, figures 1–4 from Fayrer (1872), depicting Ophiophagus elaps (Günther, 1858), and corresponding to Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) s. str., showing the body in dorsolateral view of an adult with a partially raised forebody. Also shown are line drawings of head in dorsal, ventral and lateral views.

Fig. 14 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 14. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. showing variations in colour pattern. A. Peninsular Malaysia (photo: Ahmad Khaldun Ismail). B. Java, Indonesia (photo: Nathan Rusli). C. Bali, Indonesia (photo: Shinta Sukum). D. East Malaysia (photo: P. Gowri Shankar).

Fig. 13 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 13. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) showing variations in colour pattern. A. Mizoram, India (photo: H.T. Lalremsanga). B. China (Adam Francis). C. Thailand (photo: P. Gowri Shankar). D. Andaman Islands, India (photo: Aaron Fernandes).

Fig. 11 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 11. Variation in dorsal bands in adults of the four species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. A. O. kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov. B. O. hannah (Cantor, 1836). C. O. bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. D. O. salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 10. View of dorsum of entire body of respective type specimens of species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864. A. Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), neotype, ♀ (ZSI 8292). B. Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (RMNH 1334). C. Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BNHS 3655). D. Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CAS 61329).

Fig. 16 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 16. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. showing colouration. A. Entire. B. Head close-up profiles, Luzon, Philippines (both photos Emerson Sy).

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Revision of Eupines King of New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Goniaceritae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revision of Eupines King of New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Goniaceritae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/75de85af-39c5-41ca-9ccc-4ff7b743eefa">https://bionomia.net/dataset/75de85af-39c5-41ca-9ccc-4ff7b743eefa</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/75de85af-39c5-41ca-9ccc-4ff7b743eefa">https://gbif.org/dataset/75de85af-39c5-41ca-9ccc-4ff7b743eefa</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Table 2 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 2.</b> Summary of measurements (range [n], in mm) of species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Abbreviations: BW = Midbody diameter; ED = Eye width; EYEN = Eye to nostril distance; EYES = Eye to snout distance; FL = Fang length from base; FW = Maximum fang width; HD = Head depth; HL = Head length; HW = Head width; IORB = Interorbital width; NOD = Nostril diameter; OCCL = Occipital length; ROSL = Rostral length; ROSW = Rostral width; SVL = Snout-vent length; TL = Tail length (if entire).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SVL</th><td>233.0–3276.0 (37)</td><td>330.0–3790.0 (65)</td><td>496.0–2660.0 (4)</td><td>1490.0–2565.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>TL</th><td>84.0–875 (37)</td><td>111.0–845.0 (61)</td><td>109.0–542.0 (3)</td><td>343.0–770.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>RTL range (mean)</th><td>21.7–26.4% (24.05%)</td><td>19.3–25.1% (22.20%)</td><td>18.0–19.9% (18.95%)</td><td>18.7–23.0% (20.85%)</td></tr><tr><th>BW</th><td>6.7–45.9 (55)</td><td>12.5–64.5 (36)</td><td>11.7–60.0 (4)</td><td>28.1–45.9 (3)</td></tr><tr><th>HL</th><td>13.3–79.2 (61)</td><td>16.0–76.6 (68)</td><td>50.9–74.6 (4)</td><td>36.2–70.8 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HW</th><td>10.9–53.5 (59)</td><td>7.1–60.4 (70)</td><td>10.5–54.7 (5)</td><td>22.9–57.2 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HD</th><td>6.6–48.4 (54)</td><td>6.7–76.0 (70)</td><td>22.8–37.2 (4)</td><td>14.8–36.7 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ED</th><td>3.7–10.5 (57)</td><td>4.1–9.8 (73)</td><td>4.2–9.7 (5)</td><td>6.3–11.1 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYES</th><td>4.4–27.6 (62)</td><td>5.2–26.3 (71)</td><td>18.5–25.2 (4)</td><td>12.1–21.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYEN</th><td>1.9–14.3 (62)</td><td>2.1–13.5 (71)</td><td>2.8–11.5 (5)</td><td>5.2–9.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>NOD</th><td>1.2–7.3 (61)</td><td>1.0–6.9 (71)</td><td>5.8–9.5 (4)</td><td>3.1–6.4 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSL</th><td>3.1–19.9 (61)</td><td>3.2–18.7 (71)</td><td>12.0–16.6 (4)</td><td>8.6–15.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSW</th><td>1.7–9.7 (60)</td><td>2.0–8.8 (71)</td><td>6.1–8.0 (4)</td><td>4.8–7.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>IORB</th><td>5.9–34.2 (61)</td><td>7.5–12.3 (71)</td><td>23.4–31.8 (4)</td><td>14.8–25.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>OCCL</th><td>2.7–24.0 (61)</td><td>3.4–19.9 (71)</td><td>3.8–18.3 (5)</td><td>9.6–21.3 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>FL</th><td>0.10–10.10 (48)</td><td>0.13–13.60 (50)</td><td>7.10–8.50 (4)</td><td>4.50–12.00 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>FW</th><td>0.04–4.80 (45)</td><td>0.01–4.50 (50)</td><td>1.90–2.40 (4)</td><td>1.10–3.30 (4)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 1.</b> Summary of morphological characters associated with species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Note: pale dorsal bands are sometimes absent in adult <i>O. bungarus</i> (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. (in images of live specimens examined), and consistently absent in adult <i>O. salvatana</i> Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. Further, juveniles of the latter show pale bands (in images of three live specimens examined; no voucher specimens of juvenile <i>O. salvatana</i> were available for study).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><b>Statistics</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Anterior dorsal scale rows (DSR1)</th><td>Mean</td><td>18.0</td><td>18.9</td><td>19.5</td><td>18.6</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>17–19</td><td>17–21</td><td>19–21</td><td>17–19</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>46</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Median dorsal scale rows (DSR2)</th><td>Mean</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Posterior dorsal scale rows (DSR3)</th><td>Mean</td><td>13.8</td><td>14.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>11–15</td><td>13–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>13</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Ventrals</th><td>Mean</td><td>244.0</td><td>250.12</td><td>247.8</td><td>251.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>226–267</td><td>253–268</td><td>241–251</td><td>247–256</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>58</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Subcaudals</th><td>Mean</td><td>89.0</td><td>106.8</td><td>88.0</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>80–112</td><td>71–125</td><td>86–90</td><td>74–112</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>57</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Precloacal</th><td>Mean</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>63</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Supralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>6.9</td><td>7.0</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>6–7</td><td>7–7</td><td>7–8</td><td>7–7</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Infralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>7–9</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pale body bands</th><td>Mean</td><td>39.6</td><td>72.0</td><td>35.0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>27–48</td><td>57–87</td><td>28–48</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>41</td><td>51</td><td>3</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pterygoid teeth</th><td>Mean</td><td>19.3</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>18–21</td><td>11–11</td><td>12–12</td><td>11–11</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>12</td><td>9</td><td>4</td><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

How do King Cobras move across a major highway? Unintentional wildlife crossing structures may facilitate movement.

<p>Data and code for Jones et al. (2021): How do King Cobras move across a major highway? Unintentional wildlife crossings may facilitate movement.</p> <p>Including: telemetry data, shapefiles, and R scripts to reproduce analysis.</p>

FIG. 15 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 15. — Indian Ocean species of Paralomis White, 1856: A, P. ceres, Macpherson, 1989, holotype š CL 58.1 mm (BMNH 1989.926); B, P. ochthodes Macpherson, 1988, holotype š CL 71.6 mm (USNM-228831); A, B, mid-branchial tubercles, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 3. — Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988: A, B, ♀ CL 44.87 mm (MNHN Pg-2937); C, D, ♀ CL 59 mm (specimen in collection of Dr Ramos, Vigo), Mauritania, 14.XII.2007; E, F, ♀ CL 83 mm (specimen in collection of Dr Ramos, Vigo), Mauritania, 14.XII.2007; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, dorsal spines, posterior view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, dorsal spines, posterior view; E, carapace, dorsal view; F, dorsal tubercles, posterior view. Scale bars: A, C, 5 mm; B, F, 2 mm; D, 1 mm; E, 10 mm.

FIG. 2 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 2. — Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939: A-C, ♀ CL 26 mm (USNM-231310), RV Miss Virginia, 329-366 m, 21.III.1962; D, E, ♀ CL 45.8 mm (USNM-213542), 26°45'N, 84°55'W, 466-732 m, XII.1983; F, G, ♀ CL 79.6 mm (USNM-231312), Amazon River Mouth, 411 m, XI.1957; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spine, posterio-lateral view; C, mid-branchial spines, posterio-lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; F, carapace, dorsal view; G, mid-branchial region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, D, 5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 2 mm; E, G, 4 mm; F, 10 mm.

FIG. 6 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 6. — Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003: A, B, š CL 11 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 1001-1012 m, 26.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1753; C, D, š CL 36 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 896-912 m, 25.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1752; E, F, holotype š 58.8 mm (MNHN Pg-6408), Solomon Islands, 896-912 m, 25.IX.2001, SALOMON 1, stn CP 1752; A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, mid-branchial region, dorsal view; E, carapace, dorsal view; F, mid-branchial flattened tubercle. Scale bars: A, C, E, 5 mm; B, D, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 7 in King crabs up-close: ontogenetic changes in ornamentation in the family Lithodidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura), with a focus on the genus Paralomis

FIG. 7. — Paralomis multispina Benedict, 1895: A-C, ♀ CL 17 mm (USNM-18591), Sea Lion rocks, WA, 1253 m; D, E, ♀ CL 68 mm (USNM-18589);A, carapace, dorsal view; B, mid-branchial spines, dorsal view; C, typical mid-branchial spine, lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, typical mid-branchial spine, right lateral view. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B-E, 1 mm.