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531 results for “Leaf beetles”
Leaf beetle community data for 20 Iberian localities and associated genetic barcodes (cox1)
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Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar-induced resistance against seed beetles
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Data from: Divergence in cuticular wax profiles generates partial behavioural isolation between leaf beetle populations with different dispersal traits
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Data from: Microbial transfer through fecal strings on eggs affect leaf beetle microbiome dynamics
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Data from: Deadwood supports carnivores in leaf litter communities in a bark beetle-attacked deadwood simulation experiment
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FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy of the leaf beetle genus Exomis Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrini) with description of six new species from China
FIGURE 5. Exomis tanae sp. nov.: (A) male genitalia in dorsal view; (B) apex of male genitalia; (C) male genitalia in lateral view; (D) male genitalia in ventral view; (E) spermatheca; (F) ventral rectal sclerites; (G) dorsal rectal sclerites. Scales = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of the leaf beetle genus Exomis Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrini) with description of six new species from China
FIGURE 3. Exomis pubescens sp. nov.: (A) male genitalia in dorsal view; (B) apex of male genitalia; (C) male genitalia in lateral view; (D) male genitalia in ventral view. Scales = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of the leaf beetle genus Exomis Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrini) with description of six new species from China
FIGURE 1. Exomis deqinensis sp. nov.: (A) male genitalia in dorsal view; (B) apex of male genitalia; (C) male genitalia in lateral view; (D) male genitalia in ventral view; (E) spermatheca; (F) ventral rectal sclerites; (G) dorsal rectal sclerites. Scales = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy of the leaf beetle genus Exomis Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrini) with description of six new species from China
FIGURE 2. Exomis huangi sp. nov.: (A) male genitalia in dorsal view; (B) apex of male genitalia; (C) male genitalia in lateral view; (D) male genitalia in ventral view; (E) spermatheca; (F) ventral rectal sclerites; (G) dorsal rectal sclerites. Scales = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy of the leaf beetle genus Exomis Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Clytrini) with description of six new species from China
FIGURE 6. Exomis viridis sp. nov.: (A) male genitalia in dorsal view; (B) apex of male genitalia; (C) male genitalia in lateral view; (D) male genitalia in ventral view; (E) spermatheca; (F) ventral rectal sclerites; (G) dorsal rectal sclerites. Scales = 0.5 mm.
ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins
<p class="AbsatzTexteinzug">Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defense. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle <i>Chrysochus auratus</i> and analyzed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species' host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood-brain-barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.</p>
Data from: Lack of evolution in a leaf beetle that lives on two contrasting host plants
The interactions between plant-eating insects and their hosts have shaped both the insects and the plants, driving evolution of plant defenses and insect specialization. The leaf beetle Trirhabda eriodictyonis (Chrysomelidae) lives on two shrubs with differing defenses: Eriodictyon crassifolium has hairy leaves, whereas E. trichocalyx has resinous leaves. We tested whether these beetles have differentiated onto the two host plants, and if not, whether the beetles prefer the better host plant and prefer mates who are from that host plant. In feeding tests, adult beetles strongly preferred eating E. trichocalyx regardless of which host they came from. In addition, females laid more eggs if they ate E. trichocalyx than E. crassifolium. So, E. trichocalyx is generally the better host. However, beetle mate preference was not in line with food choice. Males did not prefer to mate with females from E. trichocalyx. Females from E. crassifolium did prefer males from E. trichocalyx over males from E. crassifolium, but did not lay more eggs as a result of these matings. We conclude that the beetle populations we studied have not differentiated based on their host plants and may not have even adapted to the better host. Although to humans these host plant defenses differ dramatically, signs that they have caused evolution in the beetles are lacking. The case of T. eriodictyonis stands counter to many other studies that have seen the differentiation of ecotypes and/or adaptive coordination of an herbivore's life cycle based on host plant differences.
Mitonuclear mismatch alters performance and reproductive success in naturally-introgressed populations of a montane leaf beetle
Coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is critical to metabolic processes underlying animals' ability to adapt to local environments, yet consequences of mitonuclear interactions have rarely been investigated in populations where individuals with divergent mitochondrial and nuclear genomes naturally interbreed. Genetic variation in the leaf beetle <i>Chrysomela aeneicollis</i> was assessed along a latitudinal thermal gradient in California's Sierra Nevada. Variation at mitochondrial <i>cytochrome oxidase II</i> (<i>COII</i>) and the nuclear gene <i>phosphoglucose isomerase</i> (<i>PGI</i>) shows concordance and was significantly greater along a 65 km transect than 10 other loci. STRUCTURE analyses using neutral loci identified a southern and northern subpopulation, which interbreed in the central drainage Bishop Creek. <i>COII</i> and <i>PGI</i> were used as indicators of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variation in field and laboratory experiments conducted on beetles from this admixed population. Fecundity, larval development rate, running speed and male mating frequency were higher for beetles with geographically 'matched' than 'mismatched' mitonuclear genotypes. Effects of mitonuclear mismatch were largest for individuals with northern nuclear genotypes possessing southern mitochondria and were most pronounced after heat treatment or at high elevation. These findings suggest that mitonuclear incompatibility diminishes performance and reproductive success in nature, effects that could intensify at environmental extremes.
Data from: Non-random patterns of genetic admixture expose the complex historical hybrid origin of unisexual leaf beetle species in the genus Calligrapha
Many unisexual animal lineages supposedly arose from hybridization. However, support for their putative hybrid origins mostly comes from indirect methodologies, which are rarely confirmatory. Here we provide compelling data indicating that tetraploid unisexual Calligrapha are true genetic mosaics obtained via analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and allelic variation and coalescence times for three single-copy nuclear genes (CPS, HARS, and Wg) in five of six unisexual Calligrapha and a representative sample of bisexual species. Nuclear allelic diversity in unisexuals consistently segregates in the gene pools of at least two but up to three divergent bisexual species, interpreted as putative parentals of interspecific hybridization crosses. Interestingly, their mtDNA diversity derives from an additional yet undiscovered older evolutionary lineage that is possibly the same for all independently originated unisexual species. One possibly extinct species transferred its mtDNA to several evolutionary lineages in a wave of hybridization events during the Pliocene, whereby descendant species retained a polymorphic mtDNA constitution. Recent hybridizations, in the Pleistocene and always involving females with the old introgressed mtDNA, seemingly occurred in the lineages leading to unisexual species, decoupling mtDNA introgression (and inferences derived from these data, such as timing and parentage) from subsequent acquisition of the new reproductive mode. These results illuminate an unexpected complexity in possible routes to animal unisexuality, with implications for the interpretation of ancient unisexuality. If the origin of unisexuality requires a mechanism where (1) hybridization is a necessary but insufficient condition and (2) multiple bouts of hybridization involving more than two divergent lineages are required, then the origins of several classical unisexual systems may have to be reassessed.
Data from: Selection and genomic differentiation during ecological speciation: isolating the contributions of host association via a comparative genome scan of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles
This study uses a comparative genome scan to evaluate the contributions of host plant related divergent selection to genetic differentiation and ecological speciation in maple- and willow-associated populations of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles. For each of 15 pairwise population comparisons, we identified "outlier loci" whose strong differentiation putatively reflects divergent selection. Of 447 AFLP loci, 15% were outliers across multiple population comparisons, and low linkage disequilibrium indicated that these outliers derived from multiple regions of the genome. Outliers were further classified as "host-specific" if repeatedly observed in "different-host" population comparisons but never in "same-host" comparisons. Outliers exhibiting the opposite pattern were analogously classified as "host-independent." Host-specific outliers represented 5% of all loci and were more frequent than host-independent outliers, thus revealing a large role for host-adaptation in population genomic differentiation. Evidence that host-related selection can promote divergence despite gene flow was provided by population trees. These were structured by host-association when datasets included host-specific outliers, but not when based on neutral loci, which united sympatric populations. Lastly, three host-specific outliers were highly differentiated in all nine different-host comparisons. Because host-adaptation promotes reproductive isolation in these beetles, these loci provide promising candidate gene regions for future molecular studies of ecological speciation.
Data from: Males, but not females, perform strategic mate searching movements between host plants in a leaf beetle with scramble competition polygyny
1. Mate searching is assumed to be performed mostly by males, but when females benefit from multiple mating or are under risk of failing to mate, they may also perform mate searching. This is especially important in scramble competition polygynies, in which mate searching is the main mechanism of mate competition. Typically, more mobile individuals are expected to achieve higher mating success because mobility increases their probability of finding mates. 2. If we assume individual movements are mainly explained by mate searching in scramble competition polygynies, we can investigate searching strategies by asking when individuals should leave their location and where they should go. We hypothesize that individuals will leave their locations when mating opportunities are scarce and will seek spatially close sites with better mating opportunities. 3. We tested these hypotheses for males and females of Leptinotarsa undecimlineata, a leaf beetle with scramble competition polygyny in which both sexes are promiscuous. Individuals mate and feed exclusively on Solanum plants, thus individual movements can be described as switches between plants. 4. Females were less likely than males to leave isolated plants, and both males and females moved preferentially to neighbouring plants. Males were more likely to leave when the local number of females was low, and the number of males was high. They moved to plants with more females, a behaviour consistent with a mate searching strategy. Females were more likely to move to plants with fewer males and many females, a behaviour consistent with male harassment avoidance. 5. Strategic movement is widely considered in foraging context, but seldom in a mate searching context. Considering that selection to minimize searching costs, maximize mating success, and minimize harassment may be ubiquitous in nature, we argue that strategic movements by mate searching individuals are likely to occur in many species.
FIGURES 50–55 in Description of immatures and the bionomy of the Oriental leaf beetle Chaeridiona thailandica Kimoto, 1998 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Oncocephalini), a leaf-mining hispine beetle
FIGURES 50–55. Chaeridiona thailandica, pupa. (50) Dorsal side of head; (51) process of dorsal side of head armed apically with a seta; (52) setae of abdominal tergite; (53) abdominal sternite VIII with a two-branched scolus at the posterior border; (54) closed respiratory horn of the abdominal segment V; (55) peritreme of closed respiratory horn.
FIGURES 46–49 in Description of immatures and the bionomy of the Oriental leaf beetle Chaeridiona thailandica Kimoto, 1998 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Oncocephalini), a leaf-mining hispine beetle
FIGURES 46–49. Chaeridiona thailandica, pupa. (46) Dorsal view of body; (47) abdominal tergites V–VIII; (48) ventral view of body; (49) abdominal sternites V–VIII.
FIGURES 26–28 in Description of immatures and the bionomy of the Oriental leaf beetle Chaeridiona thailandica Kimoto, 1998 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Oncocephalini), a leaf-mining hispine beetle
FIGURES 26–28. Chaeridiona thailandica, mature larva. (26) Lateral side; (27) dorsal side; (28) ventral side.
FIGURES 1–8 in Description of immatures and the bionomy of the Oriental leaf beetle Chaeridiona thailandica Kimoto, 1998 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Oncocephalini), a leaf-mining hispine beetle
FIGURES 1–8. (1) two ginger plants (Zingiber sp.) growing on the forest floor; (2) adult Chaeridiona thailandica on a ginger leaf; (3) a leaf of Zingiber sp. with feeding marks of two Ch. thailandica larvae; (4) feeding area of Ch. thailandica: larva visible on the left side, dark larval faeces on the surface of the ginger leaf on the right side; (5) watered larva of Ch. thailandica penetrates the leaf surface with the apical plate to get fresh air; (6) Ch. thailandica larva bores into the mid-rib of a ginger leaf; (7) Ch. thailandica pupa inside the mid-rib of a ginger leaf, the upper leaf tissue layer of the pupal chamber was removed; (8) abdominal part of Ch. thailandica pupa protruding from the pupal chamber, the two spiracles of the fifth abdominal segment (respiratory horns) are distinctly visible.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.