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651 results for “Legume”
Data from: High sensitivity of herbaceous legumes to freezing: insights from a multi-year snow removal study
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Data from: The origin of the legumes is a complex paleopolyploid phylogenomic tangle closely associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event
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Southern Plains Range Research Station site, station Southern Plains Range Research Station Watershed 1, study of plant biomass of legumes in units of gramsPerSquareMeter on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Southern Plains Range Research Station (SPR) contains plant biomass of legumes measurements in gramsPerSquareMeter units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve site, station Old Field 39 at Cedar Creek, study of plant cover of miscellaneous legumes in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CDR) contains plant cover of miscellaneous legumes measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve site, station Old Field 47 at Cedar Creek, study of plant cover of miscellaneous legumes in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CDR) contains plant cover of miscellaneous legumes measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Soil nitrate and ammonium: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Weed biomass: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Root biomass data: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Reproductive biomass: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Soil bulk density: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Root carbon/nitrogen data: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Soil nitrogen: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Legume Competition Garden
This experiment was established on top of subplots 24, 25 and 26 of E055 (1.2m X 1.2m plots). Sheet metal was installed to divide the subplots into 4 equal parts (subplots are 1.2m x 1.2m, sub-subplots are .6m x .6m). The resulting 12 sub-subplots (4/subplot = 12/plot) were planted according to the following treatments: 1. LC seed on top of established SS 2. AC seed on top of established SS 3. no seed added to established SS 4. PP seed on top of established SS 5. AC seed vs SS seed 6. LC seed vs SS seed 7. PP seed vs SS seed 8. LC seed vs AC seed vs PP seed vs SS seed 9. AC seed 10. LC seed 11. Bare ground (no seeds added) 12. PP seed Where LC=Lespedeza capitata, AC=Amorpha canescens, PP=Petalostemum purpureum, and SS=Schizachyrium scoparium. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 and K2O are added to the plots each year in early May and Late June. For further information, see fertilization details.
Legume shoot N15 13C Isotopes:BAC: Biodiversity and Climate
Climate changes forecast for our region by GCM???s and shifts in biodiversity and composition each have the potential to alter ecosystem functioning; their interactive effects are unknown. The "BAC" experiment is designed to determine the direct and interactive effects of plant species numbers, plant community composition, temperature, and precipitation on 11 productivity, C and N dynamics, stability, and plant, microbe, and insect species abundances in CDR grassland ecosystems.
Data from: Autopolyploidy alters nodule-level interactions in the legume-rhizobium mutualism
Premise of the study: Polyploidy is a major genetic driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in plants, yet its effects on plant interactions with mutualistic microbes remain unresolved. The legume-rhizobium symbiosis regulates global nutrient cycles and plays a role in the diversification of legume taxa. In this mutualism, rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen in exchange for carbon provided by legume hosts. This exchange occurs inside root nodules, which house bacterial cells and represent the interface of legume-rhizobial interactions. Although polyploidy may directly impact the legume-rhizobium mutualism, no studies have explored how it alters the internal structure of nodules. Methods: We created synthetic autotetraploids using Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea. Neotetraploid plants and their diploid progenitors were singly inoculated with two strains of rhizobia, Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify internal traits of nodules produced by diploid and neotetraploid plants. Key Results: Autotetraploid plants produced larger nodules with larger nitrogen fixation zones than diploids across both strains of rhizobia, although significance of this difference was limited by power. Neotetraploid M. sativa subsp. caerulea plants also produced symbiosomes that were significantly larger, nearly twice the size, than those present in diploids. Conclusions: This study sheds light on how polyploidy directly affects a plant-bacterial mutualism and uncovers novel mechanisms. Changes in plant-microbe interactions that directly result from polyploidy likely contribute to the increased ability of polyploid legumes to establish in diverse environments.
Data from: Aeschynomene chicocesariana, a striking new unifoliolate legume species from Brazilian Chapada Diamantina and its phylogenetic placement in the dalbergioid clade
Unifoliolate leaves are relatively rare in the species-rich dalbergioid clade of papilionoid legumes (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae). For the pantropical, diverse genus Aeschynomene (ca. 180 species), the only known record of unifoliolate species described so far is the savanna-inhabiting A. simplicifolia from Chapada dos Veadeiros in Goiás, Brazil. The current work provides a description, illustrations, and a distribution map of another unifoliolate species, Aeschynomene chicocesariana, which was newly discovered in the rupestrian grasslands of Chapada Diamantina in Bahia, Brazil. The new species readily differs from A. simplicifolia by having mostly single-stemmed, erect habit, leaves with considerably shorter, 1.5–4 mm long petioles, leaflet blades densely pubescent beneath and glabrescent above and inconspicuously veined on both surfaces and without a marginal vein, and much smaller, ca. 15 × 14 mm standard petal. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and the plastid genes matK and trnL intron) have unequivocally placed A. chicocesariana with the rest of Aeschynomene species that are traditionally placed within sect. Ochopodium. This result concurs with the shared morphology of A. chicocesariana and members of that section.
Data from: Drought and soil nutrients effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in seedlings from eight Neotropical legume species
<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a dominant source of nitrogen to many terrestrial ecosystems, and thus may influence their responses to global change. High legume species diversity and abundance are thought to lead to high rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Neotropical forests. However, how changes in water and nutrient availability will affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation have only recently been explored, even as droughts begin to increase in severity and frequency in the Neotropics. To explore these effects, we grew eight species of Neotropical woody legume seedlings in a shadehouse for four months while manipulating soil water, phosphorus and molybdenum availability. Overall, drought reduced nodule biomass, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction g<sup>-1</sup> nodule), and acetylene reduction per seedling by 33%, 27%, and 41%, respectively, but reduced seedling biomass by only 18%. Species varied in the manifestation of drought effects. For example, drought reduced the probability that nodules formed in some species, but in others reduced the nitrogenase activity or acetylene reduction per seedling. In contrast, the effects of phosphorus and molybdenum availability were more species-specific. However, fertilization did affect (both positively and negatively) one or more symbiotic nitrogen fixation response variables in two of the eight species. Our results indicate drought reduces symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Neotropical legume seedlings, but the mechanism of response may be species-specific. Therefore, predicting the response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Neotropics to a changing climate, with expected increases in drought frequency and severity, may require grappling with the diversity of responses among nitrogen-fixing legumes.</p>
Selection and plasticity both account for inter-annual variation in life-history phenology in an annual prairie legume
<p>As the environment changes, so too must plant communities and populations if they are to persist. Life-history transitions and their timing are often the traits that are most responsive to changing environmental conditions. To compare the contributions of plasticity and natural selective response to variation in germination and flowering phenology, we performed a quantitative genetic study of phenotypic selection<i> </i>on<i> Chamaecrista fasciculata </i>(Fabaceae) across two consecutive years in a restored tallgrass prairie. The earliest dates of germination and flowering were recorded for two parental cohorts and one progeny cohort in an experimental garden. Environmental differences between years were the largest contributors to phenological variation in this population. In addition, there was substantial heritability for flowering time and statistically significant selection for advancement of flowering. Comparison between a progeny cohort its pre-selection parental cohort indicated a change in mean flowering time consistent with the direction of selection. Selection on germination time was weaker than that on flowering time, while environmental effects on germination time were stronger. The response to selection on flowering time was detectable when accounting for the effect of the environment on phenotypic differences, highlighting the importance of controlling for year-to-year environmental variation in quantitative genetic studies.</p>
Data from: Plant species richness promotes soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in grasslands without legumes
1. The storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil are important ecosystem functions. Grassland biodiversity experiments have shown a positive effect of plant diversity on soil C and N storage. However, these experiments all included legumes, which constitute an important N input through N2-fixation. Indeed, the results of these experiments suggest that N2-fixation by legumes is a major driver of soil C and N storage. 2. We studied whether plant diversity affects soil C and N storage in the absence of legumes. In an 11-years grassland biodiversity experiment without legumes, we measured soil C and N stocks. We further determined above-ground biomass productivity, standing root biomass, soil organic matter decomposition and N mineralization rates to understand the mechanisms underlying the change in soil C and N stocks in relation to plant diversity and their feedbacks to plant productivity. 3. We found that soil C and N stocks increased by 18 and 16% in eight-species mixtures compared to the average of monocultures of the same species, respectively. Increased soil C and N stocks were mainly driven by increased C input and N retention, resulting from enhanced plant productivity, which surpassed enhanced C loss from decomposition. Importantly, higher soil C and N stocks were associated with enhanced soil N mineralization rates, which can explain the strengthening of the positive diversity-productivity relationship observed in the last years of the experiment. 4. Synthesis: We demonstrated that also in the absence of legumes plant species richness promotes soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks via increased plant productivity. In turn, enhanced soil C and N stocks showed a positive feedback to plant productivity via enhanced N mineralization, which could further accelerate soil C and N storage in the long term.
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