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120 results for “Life history strategy”
Figure 6 in Notes on morphological characteristics and life history strategy of the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae)
Figure 6. SEM images of pollen grains (unacetolised) of Acanthopsis. A, A. glauca, equatorial view (Steyn 1888, PRE); B, A. hoffmannseggiana typical form, polar view (Steyn 1900, PRE); C, A. spathularis, showing reticulum (ret), colpus (c) and ridge (r) (Steyn 2135, PRE); D, A. adamanticola, showing muri (see arrows) connecting the ridge and reticulum (Smook 11204, PRE); E, A. carduifolia, surface sculpturing of mesocolpium reticulate (Koekemoer 4260, PRE); F, A. tetragona subsp. tetragona, surface sculpturing of mesocolpium microreticulate to foveolate (Steyn 1848, PRE). Scale bar: A = 10 µm, B = 20 µm, C = 2 µm, D = 8 µm, E, F = 2 µm.
Figure 9. Mature Acanthopsis infructescence morphology. A in Notes on morphological characteristics and life history strategy of the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae)
Figure 9. Mature Acanthopsis infructescence morphology. A, persistent dry infructescences of A. hoffmannseggiana typical form; B, dry infructescence, A. scullyi (Steyn 1911, PRE); C, wet infructescence, A. scullyi (Steyn 1911, PRE); D and E, opened sepals exposing the apical tip of the capsule (wet state), A. hoffmannseggiana typical form (Steyn 2148, PRE); F, appressed hygroscopic hairs on seed (dried state), A. horrida (Steyn 1814b, PRE). Scale bar: B, C = 2 mm, D, E = 1 mm, F = 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 in Notes on morphological characteristics and life history strategy of the genus Acanthopsis Harv. (Acanthaceae)
Figure 2. Types of inflorescences found in Acanthopsis based on the density of individual flowers and their bracts. A, dense (> 60% bract overlap); B, lax (B1, 30– 60% bract overlap; B2, <30% bract overlap). Scale bar: 10 mm. Artist: Daleen Roodt.
Data from: Life-history strategy and behavioral type: risk-tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies
Despite the recent interest in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, there is a paucity of explanations for why distinct behavioral traits should evolve to correlate. We investigate whether such correlations across apparently distinct behavioral traits may be explained by variation in life history strategy among individual ant colonies. Life history theory predicts that the way in which individuals allocate energy towards somatic maintenance or reproduction drives several distinct traits in physiology, morphology, and energy use; it also predicts that an individual's willingness to engage in risky behaviors should depend on reproductive strategy. We use Temnothorax ants, which have been shown to exhibit 'personalities' and a syndrome that may reflect risk tolerance at the colony level. We measure colonies' relative investment in growth rate (new workers produced) compared to reproductive effort (males and queens produced). Comparing sterile worker production to reproductive alate production provides a direct measure of how colonies are investing their energy, analogous to investment in growth versus reproduction in a unitary organism. Consistently with this idea, we found that behavioral type of ant colonies was associated with their life history strategy: risk-tolerant colonies grew faster and invested more in reproduction, whereas risk-averse colonies had lower growth rate but invested relatively more in workers. This provides evidence that behavioral syndromes can be a consequence of life-history strategy variation, linking the two fields and supporting the use of an integrative approach.
Threatened salmon rely on a rare life history strategy in a warming landscape
<p>Rare phenotypes and behaviours within a population are often overlooked, yet they may serve a heightened role for species imperilled by rapid warming. In threatened spring-run Chinook salmon spawning at the southern edge of the species range, we show late-migrating juveniles are critical to cohort success in years characterized by droughts and ocean heatwaves. Late migrants rely on cool river temperatures over summer, increasingly rare due to the combined effects of warming and impassable dams. Despite the dominance of late migrants, other strategies played an important role in many years. Our results suggest that further loss of phenotypic diversity will have critical impacts on population persistence in a warming climate. Predicted thermally suitable river conditions for late migrants will shrink rapidly in the future and will be largely relegated above impassable dams. Reconnecting diverse habitat mosaics to support phenotypic diversity will be integral to the long-term persistence of this species.</p>
Data from: Life-history strategy and behavioral type: risk-tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies
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Data from: Are extraversion and openness indicators of a slow life history strategy?
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Data from: The influence of life-history strategy on genetic differentiation and lineage divergence in darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)
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Data from: Parasitism offers large rewards but carries high risks: predicting parasitic strategies under different life history conditions in lampreys
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Data from: Multidimensional ecological analyses demonstrate how interactions between functional traits shape fitness and life history strategies
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Data from: Optimal management strategy of insecticide resistance under various insect life histories: heterogeneous timing of selection and inter-patch dispersal
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Data from: Effects of genetic similarity on the life history strategy of co-infecting trematodes: are parasites capable of intra-host kin recognition?
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Data from: Alternative intrapopulation life history strategies and their trade-offs in an African annual fish
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Data from: Life history strategy and everyday word use
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Data from: Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies
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Threatened salmon rely on a rare life history strategy in a warming landscape
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The socioeconomic status of cities covaries with avian life-history strategies
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Data from: Exploitation of the same trophic link favors convergence of larval life-history strategies in complex life cycle helminths
Switching from one host to the next is a critical life history transition in parasites with complex life cycles. Growth and mortality rates are thought to influence the optimal time and size at transmission, but these rates are difficult to measure in parasites. The parasite life cycle, in particular the trophic link along which transmission occurs, may be a reasonable proxy for these rates, leading to the hypothesis that life cycle should shape life history strategy. We compiled data on the size and age at infectivity for trophically-transmitted helminths (i.e. acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes), and then categorized species into trophic links (e.g. planktonic crustaceans to fish, insects to terrestrial vertebrates, etc.). Comparative analyses that explicitly included stabilizing selection within trophic links fit the data significantly better than random walk models, indicating that parasites with different life cycles have different optimal times/sizes for host switching. The major helminth groups have often independently evolved similar life cycles, and we show that this has frequently led to convergent and/or parallel evolution of size and age at infectivity. This suggests that for particular life cycles there are universal optimal transmission strategies, applicable to widely divergent taxa, although the cases of parallelism might indicate that lineage-specific constraints sometimes prevent evolution to a single adaptive peak.
Data from: Exploitation of the same trophic link favors convergence of larval life-history strategies in complex life cycle helminths
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Data from: Effects of demographic stochasticity and life-history strategies on times and probabilities to fixation
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.