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FIGURE 5 in Integrative taxonomic revision of mantellid frogs of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 5. Plate comparing the colour pattern of the posterior surfaces of thighs in long-legged species of Aglyptodactylus (from preserved specimens; not to scale). Most specimens of A. madagascariensis and A. australis show a distinctly marbled pattern which is orange-black in life (see photo of A. madagascariensis from Andasibe on upper left), while in A. inguinalis and A. chorus this pattern is mostly absent.

FIGURE 1 in Integrative taxonomic revision of mantellid frogs of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree based on DNA sequences (539 bp) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene showing relationships among species and populations of Aglyptodactylus. The tree is rooted with Laliostoma labrosum. Values at nodes are ML bootstrap values in percent and Bayesian posterior probabilities (shown only if>50% and>0.9 respectively; support values at some of the shallow intraspecific nodes omitted for graphical reasons). Inset photos show characteristic individuals of the respective species in life. Oscillograms show representative sections (2000 ms each) of advertisement calls of the various species, respectively.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomic revision of mantellid frogs of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 4. Ventral view of feet of representative specimens of Aglyptodactylus (not to scale; see Table 3 for measurements). Arrows point at the large inner metatarsal tubercles of A. laticeps and A. securifer, and at the lateral metatarsalia of A. laticeps connected by tissue rather than separated by webbing. Asterisks mark mirrored images.

FIGURE 10 in Integrative taxonomic revision of mantellid frogs of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 10. Audiospectrogram (above) and oscillogram (below) of an advertisement call of Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis, recorded at Andasibe. Air temperature 22.6 °C.

FIGURE 7 in Integrative taxonomic revision of mantellid frogs of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 7. Audiospectrogram (above) and oscillogram (below) of an advertisement call of Aglyptodactylus laticeps, recorded at Kirindy.

FIGURE 4 in A new arboreal frog of the genus Guibemantis from the southeast of Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 4. Comparative oscillograms (2000 ms sections each) of advertisement calls of species in the subgenus Guibemantis. For detailed call parameters see Table 2. Oscillogram of G. kathrinae taken from Glaw et al. (2000) showing a series of four calls according to the definition followed herein.

FIGURE 3 in A new arboreal frog of the genus Guibemantis from the southeast of Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 3. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of the advertisement call of Guibemantis diphonus sp. nov., recorded at Manombo Special Reserve on 23 February 2007 (temperature not taken but estimated ca. 25°C).

FIGURE 1 in A new arboreal frog of the genus Guibemantis from the southeast of Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 1. Guibemantis diphonus sp. nov.: A−B, male holotype ZSM 2665/2007 from Manombo in life in dorsolateral and ventral view; C−D, male holotype ZSM 2665/2007 in preservative (photographed in May 2015); E−F, male paratype ZSM 2664/2007 shortly after preservation (photographed on 24 February 2007). Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A new arboreal frog of the genus Guibemantis from the southeast of Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 2. Views of palmar surfaces of left hands of species in the subgenus Guibemantis (not to scale). Note the very distinct metacarpal tubercle of G. diphonus which is smaller or more flattened in all other figured specimens (especially in the types of earlier names, e.g. Rhacophorus mocquardii from the east coast locality Sahambendrana). Moreover, there are differences in webbing between fingers: although rudimentary in all species, it is almost absent in G. diphonus, but rather distinct in G. tornieri and sometimes visible in G. depressiceps, and also recognizable in the mocquardii holotype.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

FIGURE 5. Spectrogram (FFT 256; Hanning) and oscillograms of the advertisement call of Spinomantis beckei sp. nov., recorded on 28 January 2005 at Andohahela, 1650 m a.s.l., air temperature <20°C. Above: 1000 ms section of a single call showing amplitude and frequency modulation of notes within the call. Below: oscillogram of a 6000 ms section showing the temporal pattern of a call series and variation of calls. Coloured bars in the spectrogram indicate terminology as used in the call description.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

FIGURE 4. Comparative living specimens of Spinomantis bertini from Andohahela National Park, near the type locality Isaka- Ivondro (between Isaka-Ivondro and Eminiminy, ca. 715 m a.s.l.). Photos not reliably assignable to vouchers specimens, but part of the series from this locality is included in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). Probably all specimens are females or subadult specimens (a photo of an adult male with distinct femoral glands is shown in Andreone & Randriamahazo 1997).

FIGURE 1 in A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 435 base pairs of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene showing relationships among the four deep lineages identified within the Spinomantis bertini complex. Spinomantis aglavei was used as outgroup. Numbers at nodes are percentages of bootstrap pseudoreplicates. The inset map shows approximate location of the collecting sites of specimens represented in the tree. The grey box shows the clade from the Andohahela Massif. Five specimens of S. bertini (FGZC 147‾150 and 153) have been deposited in the UADBA collection (final catalogue numbers not yet available). For ZSM catalogue numbers of other specimens, see Table 2.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

FIGURE 3. Preserved name-bearing type specimens of Spinomantis bertini and S. beckei sp. nov. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral view of preserved holotype of Spinomantis bertini (MNHN 1935.168). Photograph courtesy of MNHN/Antoine Fraysse, 2015. (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral and (F) lateral view of preserved holotype of Spinomantis beckei (ZSM 173/2005). All scale bars correspond to 5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Holotype ZSM 173 in A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

FIGURE 2. Holotype ZSM 173/2005 (A, B) and paratype ZSM 174/2005 (C, D) of Spinomantis beckei sp. nov. from Andohahela National Park (ca. 1650 m a.s.l.) in life.

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Supplementary material 1 from: Rosa G, Penny S, Andreone F, Crottini A, Holderied M, Rakotozafy L, Schwitzer C (2014) A new species of the Boophis rappiodes group (Anura, Mantellidae) from the Sahamalaza Peninsula, northwest Madagascar, with acoustic monitoring of its nocturnal calling activity. ZooKeys 435: 111-132. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.435.7383

Calls of Boophis ankarafensis sp. n. emitted from streamside vegetation in Ankarafa Forest.: Explanation note: Calls of Boophis ankarafensis sp. n. emitted from streamside vegetation in Ankarafa Forest (Sahamalaza – Iles Radama National Park). Calls consist of multi-pulsed trill notes (type 1) and 1-3 pulsed click notes (type 2). Cut 1: chorus recorded on 13 October 2011, 18:34 h, 26.7 °C; Cut 2: chorus with background calls of Cophyla berara recorded on 30 December 2011 at 18:44 h, 28.4 °C.

FIGURE 5 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 5. Audiospectrogram (above) and oscillogram (below) of a call of a specimen of G. schilfi (ZSM 415/2016 = ZCMV 15246), recorded on 19 November 2016 in proximity of the G. tohatra type locality on the Marojejy Massif. Calls were filtered with a high pass filter to remove frequencies below 1000 Hz in order to reduce wind artefacts.

FIGURE 2 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 2. Preserved holotype of G. tohatra sp. nov. (ZSM 422/2016, field number ZCMV 15245, SVL 32.7 mm), in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bar corresponds to 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 4. Audiospectrogram (above) and oscillogram (below) of a call of the holotype of Gephyromantis tohatra sp. nov. (ZSM 422/2016), recorded on 19 November 2016 on the Marojejy Massif in the North East of Madagascar. This call is here interpreted as consisting of eight notes, each with a distinct pulsed structure, and the last note containing more pulses than the preceding notes. Calls were filtered with a high pass filter to remove frequencies below 400 Hz in order to reduce wind artefacts.

FIGURE 1 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood tree based on 1106 bp of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes, showing relationships of G. tohatra sp. nov. to three other related Gephyromantis species and one candidate species from northern Madagascar. Support at nodes are ML likelihood bootstrap values, BI posterior probabilities, and MP bootstrap values. Gephyromantis granulatus was used as the outgroup. Inset map shows the four localities from which these species are known (with jitter to reveal overlapping species). Inset photos show representative individuals of the four target species, size of the pictures roughly proportional to body size differences among the species.

FIGURE 3 in Yet another small brown frog from high altitude on the Marojejy Massif, northeastern Madagascar (Anura: Mantellidae)

FIGURE 3. Adult male specimens of Gephyromantis tohatra sp. nov. and syntopic G. schilfi from Marojejy National Park in life, in dorsolateral and ventral views. (a,b) Holotype of G. tohatra (ZSM 422/2016, field number ZCMV 15245, SVL 32.7 mm); (c,d) paratype of G. tohatra (UADBA uncatologued, field number ZCMV 15236, SVL unknown). (e,f) call voucher of G. schilfi (ZSM 415/2016, field number ZCMV 15246, SVL 29.8 mm).