Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
1,248
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
1,248 results for “Melanogaster”
Data underlying the publication: Gut bacteria-derived volatiles mediate the Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) attraction
<p>Bacteria-originated volatile molecules play a crucial role in chemical communications between insects, representing their promising application as odor bait traps in pest control. In this study, we investigated the behavioral preferences of the fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) towards the fermentation broth of seven gut-associated bacteria using trap choice assays. All seven bacterial fermentations significantly attracted adults and larvae compared to the medium control. We assessed the effects of bacterial fermentations on bayberry fruits' olfaction attractiveness to fly adults and found that the bayberry fruits sprayed with fermentation broth from seven bacteria were all significantly more attractive to insects than the non-sprayed fruits, resulting in increased egg numbers. We also compared the attractive effect of bacterial fermentations with a sugar-vinegar mixture and a commercial odor-bait. The commercial odor bait proved more enticing than the unconcentrated 5-day fermentation broths. However, out of the seven bacteria, 64-fold concentrated bacterial fermentation of <em>Corynebacterium</em> (Actinomycetota phylum) was significantly more attractive than commercial bait. Finally, we chemically identified the predominant compounds 2-methylpropanal and acetaldehyde, which are likely responsible for the behavioral preference of fruit flies. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of how gut microbes affect insect behavior and offer a potential bacteria-originated odor bait for fly control in the orchard.</p>
Data from: Sensory perception of rivals has trait-dependent effects on plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>The social environment has myriad effects on individuals, altering reproduction, immune function, cognition, and aging. Phenotypic plasticity enables animals to respond to heterogeneous environments such as the social environment but requires that they assess those environments accurately. It has been suggested that combinations of sensory cues allow animals to respond rapidly and accurately to changeable environments, but it is unclear whether the same sensory inputs are required in all traits that respond to a particular environmental cue. <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> males, in the presence of rival males, exhibit a consistent behavioral response by extending mating duration. However, exposure to a rival also results in a reduction in their lifespan, a phenomenon interpreted as a trade-off associated with sperm competition strategies. <em>D. melanogaster</em> perceive their rivals by using multiple sensory cues; interfering with at least two of olfactory, auditory, or tactile cues eliminates the extension of mating duration. Here we assessed whether these same cues were implicated in the lifespan reduction. Removal of combinations of auditory and olfactory cues removed the extended mating duration response to a rival, as previously found. However, we found that these manipulations did not alter the reduction in lifespan of males exposed to rivals or induce any changes in activity patterns, grooming or male-male aggression. Therefore, our analysis suggests that lifespan reduction is not a cost associated with the behavioral responses to sperm competition. Moreover, this highlights the trait-specific nature of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in response to the same environmental conditions. </p>
Data from: Numerical data for systemic effects of photoactivated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl) porphyrin on healthy Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Porphyrins are commonly used as photosensitizing agents (PA) in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive method predominantly used for the treatment of subcutaneous tumors. Development of novel PA with increased tissue selectivity and effectiveness is important for the wider use of PDT in the treatment of various types of cancers. We used <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> as a model organism to study the systemic effects of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(<em>N</em>-methylpyridinium-3-yl)-porphyrin (TMPyP3). First, we defined the optimal feeding protocol and showed that TMPyP3 was absorbed and retained longer in the neuronal than the non-neuronal extracts. Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) concentration increased 24 hours after the photoactivation of orally delivered TMPyP3 but only in the head extracts. After 7 days, regardless of the photoactivation, TMPyP3 led to lower concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which correlated with the decreased climbing ability measured as negative geotaxis. The results suggest that systemic treatment with TMPyP3 may interfere with redox regulation and thus impair cellular signaling and behavioral output. Further studies are needed to establish the disruptive effect that porphyrins have on redox homeostasis, how long it persists, and mechanistic differences of retention between different tissues.</p>
Sex-specific variation in R-loop formation in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Source Data for manuscript, "Sex-specific variation in R-loop formation in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>".</p>
No major cost of evolved survivorship in Drosophila melanogaster populations coevolving with Pseudomonas entomophila
<p><span>Rapid exaggeration of host and pathogen traits via arms race dynamics is one possible outcome of host-pathogen coevolution. However, the exaggerated traits are expected to incur costs in terms of resource investment in other life-history traits. The current study investigated the costs associated with evolved traits in a host-pathogen coevolution system. We used the <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (host)-<em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em> (pathogen) system to experimentally derive two selection regimes, one where the host and pathogen both coevolved, and the other, where only the host evolved against a non-evolving pathogen. After 17 generations of selection, we found that hosts from both selected populations had better post-infection survivorship than controls. Even though the coevolving populations tended to have better survivorship post-infection, we found no clear evidence that the two selection regimes were significantly different from each other.. There was weak evidence for the coevolving pathogens being more virulent than the ancestral pathogen. We found no major cost of increased post-infection survivorship. The costs were not different between the coevolving hosts and the hosts evolving against a non-evolving pathogen. We found no evolved costs in the coevolving pathogens. Thus, our results suggest that increased host immunity and pathogen virulence may not be costly.</span></p>
No evidence that relatedness or familiarity modulate male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies from a wild population
<p>Sexual selection frequently promotes the evolution of aggressive behaviours that help males compete against their rivals, but which may harm females and hamper their fitness. Kin selection theory predicts that optimal male-male competition levels can be reduced when competitors are more genetically related to each other than to the population average, contributing to resolve this sexual conflict. Work in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> has spearheaded empirical tests of this idea, but studies so far have been conducted in lab-adapted populations in homogeneous rearing environments that may hamper kin recognition, and used highly skewed sex ratios that may fail to reflect average natural conditions. Here, we performed a fully factorial design with the aim of exploring how rearing environment (i.e. familiarity) and relatedness affect male-male aggression, male harassment, and overall male harm levels in flies from a wild population of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, under more natural conditions. Namely, we: a) manipulated relatedness and familiarity so that larvae reared apart were raised in different environments, as is common in the wild, and b) studied the effects of relatedness and familiarity under average levels of male-male competition in the field. We show that, contrary to previous findings, groups of unrelated-unfamiliar males were as likely to fight with each other and harass females than related-familiar males, and that overall levels of male harm to females were similar across treatments. Our results suggest that the role of kin selection in modulating sexual conflict is yet unclear in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, and call for further studies that focus on natural populations and realistic socio-sexual and ecological environments.</p>
Data from: Sustained positive consequences of genetic rescue of fitness and behavioural traits in inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster
<p><span>One solution to alleviate the detrimental genetic effects associated with reductions in population size and fragmentation is to introduce immigrants from other populations. While the effects of this genetic rescue on fitness traits are fairly well known, it is less clear to what extent inbreeding depression and subsequent genetic rescue affects behavioural traits. In this study, replicated crosses between inbred lines of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> were performed in order to investigate the effects of inbreeding and genetic rescue on egg-to-adult viability and negative geotaxis behaviour - a locomotor response used to measure e.g. the effects of physiological ageing. Transgenerational effects of outcrossing were investigated by examining the fitness consequences in both the F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>4</sub> generation. The majority of inbred lines showed evidence for inbreeding depression for both egg-to-adult viability and behavioural performance (95% and 66% of lines, respectively), with inbreeding depression being more pronounced for viability compared to locomotor response. Subsequent outcrossing with immigrants led to an alleviation of the negative effects for both viability and geotaxis response resulting in inbred lines being similar to the outbred controls, with beneficial effects persisting from F<sub>1</sub> to F<sub>4</sub>. Overall, the results clearly show that genetic rescue can provide transgenerational rescue of small, inbred populations by rapidly improving population fitness components. Thus, we show that even the negative effects of inbreeding on behaviour, similar to that of neurodegeneration associated with physiological ageing, can be reversed by genetic rescue.</span></p>
Fermur lengths of Drosophila melanogaster at different developmental temperatures and Wolbachia-infection types
<p>To estimate the influence of developmental temperature and <em>Wolbachia</em> infections on body size in <em>Drosophila melanogaster,</em> we disected female flies and mounted left forelegs. Pictures were taken under a Leica DFC 490 microscope. Femur lengths, wich have proven to be a good proxy for bodysize, were measured in ImageJ. Our analyses revealed that temperature, but not <em>Wolbachia</em> infections strongly influenced female body size. See also the corresponing README.txt and the table "FullData.xlsx" within SupplementaryData.zip in the supplement of the corresponding manuscript "Complex effects of environment and Wolbachia infections on the life history of Drosophila melanogaster hosts" (DOI: <span>10.1111/jeb.14016) </span>for more details.</p>
Drosophila melanogaster hosts coevolving with Pseudomonas entomophila pathogen show sex-specific patterns of local adaptation
<p><strong><span>Background:</span></strong></p> <p><span>In spatially structured populations, local adaptation improves organisms' fitness in their native environment. Host and pathogens can rapidly adapt to their local antagonist. Since males and females can differ in their immunocompetence, the patterns of local adaptation can be different between the sexes. However, there is little information about sex differences in local adaptation in host-pathogen systems.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong></p> <p><span> </span><span>In the current study, we experimentally coevolved four different replicate populations of <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>(host) and <em>Pseudomonas entomophila</em> (pathogen) along with appropriate controls. We used the four host-pathogen coevolution populations to investigate the occurrence of local adaptation separately in males and females of the coevolving hosts. We also assessed local adaptation in pathogens. We set up a reciprocal infection experiment where we infected each of the four coevolving hosts with their local pathogen or non-local pathogens from the other three replicate populations. We found that overall, male and female hosts had better survivorship when infected with local pathogens, indicating that they were locally adapted. Interestingly, males were more susceptible to non-local pathogens compared to females. In addition, we found no fecundity cost in females infected with either local or non-local pathogens. We found no evidence of local adaptation among the pathogens.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong></p> <p><span>Our study showed sex-specific adaptation in the coevolving hosts where female hosts had a broader response against allopatric coevolving pathogens with no cost in fecundity. Thus, our results might suggest a novel mechanism that can maintain variation in susceptibility in spatially structured populations.</span></p>
Evolution of a novel female reproductive strategy in Drosophila melanogaster populations subjected to long term protein restriction
<p>Reproductive output is often constrained by availability of macronutrients, especially protein. Long term protein restriction, therefore, is expected to select for traits maximizing reproduction even under nutritional challenge. We subjected four replicate populations of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> to a complete deprivation of yeast supplement, thereby mimicking a protein restricted ecology. Following 24 generations, compared to their matched controls, females from experimental populations showed increased reproductive output early in life, both in presence and absence of yeast supplement. The observed increase in reproductive output was without associated alterations in egg size, development time, pre-adult survivorship, body mass at eclosion, and lifespan of the females. Further, selection was ineffective on lifelong cumulative fecundity. However, females from experiment regime were found to have a significantly faster rate of reproductive senescence following the attainment of the reproductive peak early in life. Therefore, adaptation to yeast deprivation ecology in our study involved a novel reproductive strategy whereby females attained higher reproductive output early in life followed by faster reproductive aging. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the cleanest demonstration of optimization of fitness by fine tuning of reproductive schedule during adaptation to a prolonged nutritional deprivation.</p>
Increasing adult density compromises survival following bacterial infections in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>The density-dependent prophylaxis hypothesis predicts that risk of pathogen transmission increases with increase in population density, and in response to this, organisms mount a prophylactic immune response when exposed to high density. This prophylactic response is expected to help organisms improve their chances of survival when exposed to pathogens. Alternatively, organisms living at high densities can exhibit compromised defense against pathogens due to lack of resources and density associated physiological stress; the crowding stress hypothesis. We housed adult Drosophila melanogaster flies at different densities and measured the effect this has on their post-infection survival and resistance to starvation. We find that flies housed at higher densities show greater mortality after being infected with bacterial pathogens, while also exhibiting increased resistance to starvation. Our results are more in line with the density-stress hypothesis that postulates a compromised immune system when hosts are subjected to high densities.</p>
Does perception of female cues modulate male short-term fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster?
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive behaviour can be a strong driver of individual fitness. In species with high intra-sexual competition, changes in socio-sexual context can trigger quick adaptive plastic responses in males. In particular, a recent study in the vinegar fly (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) shows that males derive net fitness benefits from being shortly exposed to female cues ahead of access to mating (termed <em>sexual perception</em>), but the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of female perception on male pre- and post-copulatory components of reproductive performance: a) mating success, b) mating latency and duration, c) sperm competitiveness, and d) ejaculate effects on female receptivity and oviposition rate. We found that brief sexual perception increased mating duration, but had no effect on the main pre- or post-copulatory fitness proxies recorded. This may suggest that male fitness benefits from responses to sexual perception do not play out in the short-term, but we discuss alternative explanations and future avenues of research. </span></p>
Data from: The neurodevelopmental genes alan shepard and Neuroglian contribute to female mate preference in African Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Mate choice is a key trait that determines fitness for most sexually reproducing organisms, with females often being the choosy sex. Female preference often results in strong selection on male traits that can drive rapid divergence of traits and preferences between lineages, leading to reproductive isolation. Despite this fundamental property of female mate choice, very few loci have been identified that contribute to mate choice and reproductive isolation. We used a combination of population genetics, quantitative complementation tests, and behavioral assays to demonstrate that alan shepard and Neuroglian contribute to female mate choice, and could contribute to partial reproductive isolation between populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Our study is among the first to identify genes that contribute to female mate preference in this historically important system, where female preference is an active premating barrier to reproduction. The identification of loci that are primarily known for their roles in neurodevelopment provides intriguing questions of how female mate preference evolves in populations via changes in sensory system and higher learning brain centers.</p>
Optokinetic response in D. Melanogaster reveals the nature of common repellent odorants
<p>Pre-processed data for the paper "Optokinetic response in D. Melanogaster reveals the nature of common repellent odorants" by Menti et al. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73221-1)</p>
Conditioning, short-term and long-term memory tests of Drosophila melanogaster grown with and without predators
<p>Conditioning (i.e., associative learning) and memory tests were performed following the methods of previous studies. We used samples of 10 adult flies (males only), raised in standard conditions and aged 6-7 days. The conditioning procedure consisted of 5 training sessions separated by 20-minute intervals (i.e., spaced protocol). During associative conditioning, flies were first exposed for 30 seconds (s) to one odorant simultaneously with a mechanical shock of 2000 rpm vibration pulses of 1 s duration, delivered every 5 s by a test tube shaker (Heidolph Instruments, Schwabach, Germany). This period was followed by a 60 s rest period (no odor and no shock). Then, for 30 s, another odorant was delivered without shock. The training session ended with a second rest period of 60 s. 3-octanol and 4-methylcyclohexanol (both 0.6 mL/L of paraffin) were used as odorants. Each fly group was chosen to be conditioned randomly to either 3-octanol or 4-methylcyclohexanol. The results of the final trial (the fifth out of 5 trials, referred to as the “conditioning” group hereafter) of associative conditioning were used to characterize the learning of fruit flies. </p> <p>We tested 1 h (short-term memory, STM) and 24 h memory (LTM) retention after associative conditioning. During the memory retention assay, the flies walked to the choice point of a T-maze, in which they were exposed to two converging currents of air, one carrying 3-octanol and the other 4-methylcyclohexanol, and then allowed to choose between the two odors for 60 s. The memory score was calculated as the difference in the proportion of individuals choosing 3-octanol between flies conditioned to avoid 4-methylcyclohexanol and those conditioned to avoid 3-octanol.</p>
Lifespan and fecundity data for: The evolutionary potential of diet-dependent effects on lifespan and fecundity in a multi-parental population of Drosophila melanogaster
<p>This repository contains 3 original data files for a study of heritability in a half-sibling design of outbred multi-parent population of Drosophila melanogaster treated with 3 nutritional conditions.</p> <p> </p> <p>1) lifespan_only.xlsx contains lifespan records.</p> <p>Columns:</p> <p>setDate, start date</p> <p>flipDate, observation date</p> <p>days, age</p> <p>fID, identity of line</p> <p>repl, replicate number</p> <p>treat, diet treatment (HS=high sugar, STD=standard, LY=low yeast)</p> <p>NstartF, starting number of females</p> <p>NstartM, starting number of males</p> <p>box, ccord, rcoord are position coordinates of a vial in a holding box</p> <p>deadF, number of female dead</p> <p>deadM, number of males dead</p> <p>cens, censored events</p> <p>carriedF, dead females that flip to a new food vial</p> <p>carriedM, dead males that flip to a new food vial</p> <p>flipper initials of observer</p> <p>time, time in which 108 vials were flipped.</p> <p> </p> <p>2) feclife_with-image-ids.xlsx - lifespan observation vials are matched with a specific image of eggs collected at a specific day (once a week).</p> <p>Columns:</p> <p>cameraid, image id assigned by the camera</p> <p>handcounted, images counted by hand</p> <p>handcount, number of eggs on an image counted by hand</p> <p>training_set, images that were used to develop and test a prediction model</p> <p>drop_from_lifespan & visually_recheck, quality control.</p> <p> </p> <p>3) egg_images.tgz - all original images. Each image represent fecundity from a single vial at a specific date (in feclife_with-image-ids.xlsx ). The images have been cropped to remove the excess area outside the egg disc. The area outside the circular disc has been converted to black to peripheral eliminate noise.</p>
Evolution of mate harm resistance in females from Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for faster development and early reproduction
<p><span>These images are part of the study titled "<strong>Evolution of mate harm resistance in females from <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>populations selected for faster development and early reproduction</strong>". The study uses thorax length of study fruit flies as a measure of body size. The images are of the individual fruit fly thorax. These images are used on ImageJ to measure thorax length. The details of the method can be found in the manuscript, which is now accepted for publication in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology. The same can also be found in a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.25.521905">pre-print</a> version. </span></p> <p><span>The abstract of the article is mentioned below: </span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></p> <p><span>Interlocus sexual conflict is predicted to result in sexually antagonistic coevolution between male competitive traits, which are also female-detrimental, and mate harm resistance (MHR) in females. Little is known about the connection between life-history evolution and sexually antagonistic coevolution. Here, we investigated the evolution of MHR in a set of experimentally evolved populations, where mate-harming ability has been shown to have substantially reduced in males as a correlated response to the selection for faster development and early reproduction. We measured mortality and fecundity of females of these populations and those of their matched controls, under different male exposure conditions. We observed that the evolved females were more susceptible to mate harm - suffering from significantly higher mortality under continuous exposure to control males within the twenty-day assay period. Though these evolved females are known to have shorter lifespan, substantially higher mortality was not observed under virgin and single-mating conditions. We used fecundity data to show that this higher mortality in the experimentally evolved females was not due to the cost of egg production, and hence can only be attributed to reduced MHR. Further analysis indicated that this decreased MHR is unlikely to be due purely to the smaller size of these females. Instead, it is more likely to be an indirect experimentally evolved response attributable to the changed breeding ecology, and/or male trait evolution. Our results underline the implications of changes in life history traits, including lifespan, to the evolution of MHR in females. </span></p>
Transmission of yeast and bacterial symbionts between sexual partners in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Data from "Transmission of yeast and bacterial symbionts between sexual partners in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster"</p>
Heterochromatin-dependent transcription of satellite DNAs in the Drosophila melanogaster female germline
<p>Large blocks of tandemly repeated DNAs—satellite DNAs (satDNAs)—play important roles in heterochromatin formation and chromosome segregation. We know little about how satDNAs are regulated, however their misregulation is associated with genomic instability and human diseases. We use the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> germline as a model to study the regulation of satDNA transcription and chromatin. Here we show that complex satDNAs (>100-bp repeat units) are transcribed into long noncoding RNAs and processed into piRNAs (PIWI interacting RNAs). This satDNA piRNA production depends on the Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff complex and the transcription factor Moonshiner—a previously-described non-canonical pathway that licenses heterochromatin-dependent transcription of dual-strand piRNA clusters. We show that this pathway is important for establishing heterochromatin at satDNAs. Therefore, satDNAs are regulated by piRNAs originating from their own genomic loci. This novel mechanism of satDNA regulation provides insight into the role of piRNA pathways in heterochromatin formation and genome stability.</p>
Fitness consequences of biochemical adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations under simultaneous selection for faster pre-adult development and extended life-span
<p>In holometabolous insect like <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, critical size is an important time point during larval life, for irreversible commitment to metamorphosis. Here, we studied the impact of restricted growth duration in terms of selection for faster pre-adult development in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations which resulted in the evolution of reduced critical size on adult life history traits. Selection for faster pre-adult development resulted in biochemical adaptation in larval physiology with no compromise in major biomolecules at critical size time point. The flies from the selected populations seem to not only commit to metamorphosis on the attainment of critical size but also seem to channelize resources to reproduction as indicated by similar life-time fecundity of CS and NS flies from selected populations, while the Control CS flies significantly lower life-time fecundity compared to Control NS flies. The flies from selected populations seem to achieve longevity comparable to control flies despite being significantly smaller in size- thus resource constrained due to faster pre-adult development.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.