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FIGURE 19. Podozamites gracilis 1. LX1084 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 19. Podozamites gracilis 1. LX1084, Curio Bay; 2. LX1012, Little-03; 3. LX1084, Curio Bay. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 9. Otozamites douglasii 1 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 9. Otozamites douglasii 1. Photographed in the field, Slope-04; 2. LX1231, Curio Bay; 3. LX656, Slope-01, with slightly auriculate acroscopic margin of the pinnule bases; 4. LX1191, Black Point, showing distinctly auriculate acroscopic margin of the pinnule bases; 5. LX1231, Curio Bay, with contracted basiscopic margin of the pinnule bases. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 8. Equisetum laterale. 1. Diaphragm, LX2684 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 8. Equisetum laterale. 1. Diaphragm, LX2684, Otara-35; 2. Leaf sheath, LX1008, Owaka; 3. Possible rhi- zome, LX1066, Little Bay-01. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 20 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 20. Pagiophyllum sp. 1. LX1142, Owaka; 2. LX1016, Little-03; 3. LX1023, Little-03. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 3. Summary of the current understanding of stratigraphic relations of the fossil localities. These are simplified stratigraphic columns through the Slope Point Block and the Brothers Block (Pole, 2004) and the South Limb of the Southland Syncline (based on Speden, 1971). Pole (2004) proposed that all terrestrial sediments should be recognised as False Island Formation. For ease of comparison, the formations of Speden (1971) are indicated for the South Limb.

FIGURE 18 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 18. Bellarinea richardsii, all Little Bay-01. 1. LX0676; 2. LX0675; 3. LX1275; 4. LX1130. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 11. Rintoulia pectinata 1. LX1029 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 11. Rintoulia pectinata 1. LX1029, Little Bay-03; 2. LX1021, Little Bay-03; 3. LX669, Owaka. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 17. Elatocladus spp. 1 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 17. Elatocladus spp. 1. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1054, Little Bay-01; 2. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1061, Little Bay-01; 3. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1131, Little Bay-01; 4. Elatocladus sp. A, LX1159, Little Bay-01; 5. Elatocladus sp. B, LX2077, Blue Cod Bay. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 15. Taeniopteris spatulata details. 1. LX1218 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand

FIGURE 15. Taeniopteris spatulata details. 1. LX1218, Curio Bay; 2. LX1097, Curio Bay; 3. LX1277, Curio Bay; 4. LX1241, Curio Bay. All scale bars equal 10 mm.

Fig. 3 in A new large-bodied theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Fig. 3. Tetanuran theropod Cruxicheiros newmanorum gen. et sp. nov. pelvic bones (WARMS 15771) and right femur (WARMS 15770) from the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation, Bathonian of the United Kingdom. A. Left ilium in lateral view (A1, A2) and pubic peduncle in ventral view (A3). B. Left pubis in lateral (B1) and medial (B2) views. C. Proximal portion of right femur in proximal (C1), medial (C2), posterior (C3, C4) and anterior (C5) views. D. Shaft fragment of right femur in lateral view. E. Distal portion of right femur in medial (E1), posterior (E2) and anterior (E3) views.

Fig. 1 in A new large-bodied theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Fig. 1. Tetanuran theropod Cruxicheiros newmanorum gen. et sp. nov. axial vertebrae (WARMS 15771) from the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation, Bathonian of the United Kingdom. A. Posterior cervical or anterior dorsal vertebra in posterior view. B. Partial middle−posterior dorsal vertebra in right lateral view showing a sagittal cross−section (B1) and in dorsal view (B2). C. Middle−distal caudal vertebra in left lateral (C1) and posterior (C2) views. D. Middle−posterior dorsal neural arch in anterior (D1), right lateral (D2, D3), and posterior (D4) views. Photographs (A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, D4) and line drawing (D3). Crossed−hatching indicates matrix and grey tone indicates broken bone.

Fig. 2 in A new large-bodied theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Fig. 2. Tetanuran theropod Cruxicheiros newmanorum gen. et sp. nov. right scapulocoracoid (WARMS 15771) from the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation, Bathonian of the United Kingdom. A. Scapulocoracoid in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B, C. Scapular fragments in medial or lateral views (B, C1) and in cross−section (C2).

Fig. 4 in A new large-bodied theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom

Fig. 4. Simplified cladogram showing the alternative possible phylogenetic placements of Cruxicheros newmanorum based on analysis of the modified data set of Benson (2010). Fukuiraptor was not included in this scheme as it was recently demonstrated to be a derived allosauroid and not a basal neotetanuran (Benson et al. 2010). C. newmanorum was recovered as either a basal megalosauroid (A), a basal tetanuran (B) or a basal neotetanuran (C).

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Fig. 2 in Earliest true moth lacewing from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

Fig. 2. Moth lacewing Guithone bethouxi gen. et sp. nov. holotype (CNU-NEU-NN2015003P/C) from Bathonian–Callovian boundary (Middle Jurassic) of Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, China. Line drawings of wing venation: left (A) and right (B) forewings, left (C) and right (D) hindwings.

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Fig. 1 in Earliest true moth lacewing from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

Fig. 1. Moth lacewing Guithone bethouxi gen. et sp. nov. holotype (CNU-NEU-NN2015003P/C) from Bathonian–Callovian boundary (Middle Jurassic) of Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, China. Photographs: dry-ethanol (A) and ethanol-ethanol (B) composites; detail (A ). tr, trichosors; f, frenulum.

Fig. 5 in Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae

Fig. 5. Time-calibrated phylogeny of spinosaurids and related theropods. Time-calibrated cladogram elaborated after Carrano et al. (2012) and Allain (2014). The asterisks mark the place of the three basal spinosaurid forms represented only by teeth (Buffetaut et al. 2011; this article). The proposed transition from a plesiomorphic theropod tooth (node 1 and earlier) to a highly derived spinosaurid tooth (node 4) would include a transitional state (represented by MUPE HB-87). 1, Averostra; 2, Tetanurae; 3, Megalosauroidea; 4, Spinosauridae.

Fig. 4 in Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae

Fig. 4. Dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of the theropod teeth. A. Database from Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and the HB site. The characters used were those proposed by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) for lateral teeth. HB samples are clustered with Afrovenator and Dubreuillosaurus (black dot). B. Database from Hendrickx and Mateus (2014), the specimens from the HB site, and two basal spinosaurid teeth from the Middle Jurassic TP4 site in Niger (Serrano-Martínez et al. 2015). MUPE HB-118, MUPE HB-125, and MUPE HB-142 remain clustered with Afrovenator and Dubreuillosaurus (black dot), but MUPE HB-87, MUPE TP4-2, and MUPE TP4-3 are clustered with the spinosaurids (white dot).

Fig. 1 in Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae

Fig. 1. Theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic Tegama Group, Agadez, Niger. A. MUPE HB-142 in labial (A1), lingual (A2), distal (A3), and basal (A5) views, close-up (A4). B. MUPE HB-118 in lateral (B1, B2), distal (B3), and basal (B5) views, close-up (B4). C. MUPE HB-125 in lateral (C1, C2) and distal (C3) views. D. Spinosaurid tooth, MUPE HB-87 in distal (D1), lingual (D2), mesial (D3), and labial (D4) views; close-up view of the labial side (D5); note the deeply veined enamel surface texture and the shape and size of the distal denticles.

Fig. 3 in Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae

Fig. 3. Morphospace occupied by theropod teeth of the database used in this paper and those of the HB site using the results of the discriminant function analyses (A). Teeth that delimit the morphospace of each taxon (B). The colour convex hulls correspond to the morphospaces delineated by different theropod clades.

Fig. 2 in Isolated theropod teeth from the Middle Jurassic of Niger and the early dental evolution of Spinosauridae

Fig. 2. Tooth measurements and dimensions used in this study. Theropod dental anatomy and variables used, in lateral and basal views (redrawn from Smith et al. 2005). AL, apical length; CA, crown angle; CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DA, distal denticles in the apical section. DB, distal denticles in the basal section. DC, distal denticles in the central section. DSDI, denticle size difference index. MA, mesial denticles in the apical section. MB, mesial denticles in the basal section. MC, mesial denticles in the central section.