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727 results for “Molecular taxonomy”
Figure 28 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Phortica hani species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Figure 28. Maximum likelihood tree based on the concatenated DNA sequences (-lnL = 7386.85).
FIG. 1 in Molecular characterization and morpho-taxonomy of Gambierdiscus caribaeus Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius Island, South-West Indian Ocean
FIG. 1. — Map showing the three locations where samples were collected from Mauritius.
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the sea anemone Macrodactyla (Haddon, 1898) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a description of a new species from Singapore
<p>Supplementary materials (High resolution). Journal: <em>Zoological Studies</em>. Title: <em>Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the sea anemone Macrodactyla (Haddon, 1898) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a description of a new species from Singapore</em>.</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) are a successful group of marine invertebrates found in a diverse range of environments globally. In spite of their ubiquity, identities for many sea anemones remain unverified, especially those from the Indo-West Pacific region. Here, we clarify the taxonomy of the poorly known <em>Macrodactyla aspera,</em> a shallow-water species first described from the Torres Straits in northern Australia. We re-describe <em>M. aspera</em> based on new morphological and molecular data gathered from the type specimen, other museum vouchers, and from fresh material collected from Singapore. We tested the monophyly of <em>Macrodactyla</em> using three mitochondrial (12S, 16S and cox3) and one nuclear (28S) marker based on three congeners, recovering this genus to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, we transferred <em>M. doreensis</em> to the genus <em>Heteractis</em>, and describe a new species, <em>Macrodactyla fautinae</em> sp. nov. While both<em> M. aspera </em>and <em>M. fautinae </em>sp. nov. share the same arrangement and number of complete mesenteries, a similar distribution of cnidae, and are not symbiotically associated with any other biota, <em>M. fautinae </em>sp. nov. has perforated, lobe-like verrucae on its column, and lacks nematocyst batteries on its tentacles, unlike <em>M. aspera</em>. These two species also occur in similar habitats in Singapore. Finally, because <em>M. aspera</em> strongly resembles Dofleinia armata, the latter species flagged as a danger to public health due to its ability to inflict painful stings, we tested the relationship between these species and found them not to be closely related. However, tentacles of <em>M. aspera</em>, like <em>D. armata</em>, are densely covered with nematocyst batteries and harbour large nematocysts; we infer that M. aspera may also be capable of delivering stings that endanger public health. This study builds upon a growing number of studies that aim to ascertain identities and systematics of sea anemones historically reported from the Indo-West Pacific. Our findings will facilitate accurate species identification, which is crucial for advancing research, formulating conservation measures, and protecting public health.</p>
Molecular data of the Sphagnum cuspidatum complex relative to taxonomy
<p class="MsoNormal">The use of species as a concept is an important metric for assessing biological diversity and ecosystem function. However, delimiting species based on morphological characters can be difficult, especially in aquatic plants that exhibit high levels of variation and overlap. The <em>Sphagnum cuspidatum</em> complex, which includes plants that dominate peatland hollows close to or at the water table, provides an example of challenges in species delimitation. Microscopic characters that have been used to define taxa and the possibility that these characters may simply be phenoplastic responses to variation in water availability make species delimitation in this group especially difficult. In particular, the use of leaf shape and serration, which have been used to separate species in the complex, have resulted in divergent taxonomic treatments. Using a combination of high-resolution population genomic data (RADseq) and a robust morphological assessment of plants representing the focal species, we provide evidence to evaluate putative species in this complex. Our results are broadly relevant to other aquatic groups where leaf shape and marginal teeth are used to distinguish species.</p>
Molecular data of the Sphagnum cuspidatum complex relative to taxonomy
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Supplementary material 4 from: Nazari V, ten Hagen W (2020) Molecular taxonomy of Tomares hairstreaks (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67(1): 19-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.50252
SI 4. Phylogenetic trees resulting from Maximum Parsimony (MP, PAUP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML, PHYML) analyses of COI, EF-1a and Combined datasets with bootstrap support values.
Supplementary material 1 from: Yang L-H, Wen F, Kong H-H, Sun Z-X, Su L-Y, Kang M (2020) Two new combinations in Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) based on morphological, molecular and cytological evidence. In: Shui Y-M, Chen W-H, Ren M-X, Wen F, Hong X, Qiu Z-J, Wei Y-G, Kang M (Eds) Taxonomy of Gesneriaceae in China and Vietnam. PhytoKeys 157: 43-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.157.32609
Taxon, voucher information and GenBank accession number of the samples used in the phylogenetic analyses.
Data from: Morphological and molecular evolution and their consequences for conservation and taxonomy in the Le Conte's Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei)
We evaluated geographic variation and subspecific taxonomy in the Le Conte's Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei) by analyzing DNA sequences from 16 nuclear loci, one mitochondrial DNA locus, and four study skin characters, and compared these data sets with previously published data on plumage coloration and different mtDNA genes. Morphological support for the southernmost taxon, T. l. arenicola, is relatively weak: multivariate analyses of morphometrics or back coloration do not provide diagnostic support, although one color character differs statistically. However, combined DNA analyses indicate that T. l. arenicola is diagnosable and reciprocally monophyletic, diverging from T. l. lecontei at least 140,000 years ago. Little to no past introgression across a very short geographic distance despite the long period of isolation is strong evidence of independently evolving taxa. We suggest that the lack of morphological divergence in traits related to niche use has prevented the two taxa from invading each other's range. Despite relatively weak morphological differences we suggest that these two deeply divergent lineages merit species status, and we suggest Vizcaino Thrasher for the common name corresponding to T. l. arenicola. The population size of T. l. arenicola is small and the taxon is in need of preservation attention.
FIGURE 178 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Platystictidae of Sri Lanka (Insecta: Odonata)
FIGURE 178. Maximum Likelihood best tree of the 28S gene dataset from 44 Platystictidae taxa, including 19 representatives of the subfamily Platystictinae from Sri Lanka. Bootstrap support and posterior probabilities are shown if less than 100%. Specimen details are provided in Table 3 of Appendix 1.
FIGURE 179 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Platystictidae of Sri Lanka (Insecta: Odonata)
FIGURE 179. Maximum Likelihood best tree of the 16S+28S gene dataset from 44 Platystictidae taxa, including 19 representatives of the subfamily Platystictinae from Sri Lanka. Bootstrap support and posterior probabilities are shown if less than 100%. Specimen details are provided in Table 3 of Appendix 1.
FIGURE 177 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Platystictidae of Sri Lanka (Insecta: Odonata)
FIGURE 177. Maximum Likelihood best tree of the 16S gene dataset from 44 Platystictidae taxa, including 19 representatives of the subfamily Platystictinae from Sri Lanka. Bootstrap support and posterior probabilities are shown if less than 100%. Specimen details are provided in Table 3 of Appendix 1.
FIGURE 176 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Platystictidae of Sri Lanka (Insecta: Odonata)
FIGURE 176. Maximum Likelihood best tree of the COI gene dataset from 45 Platystictidae taxa, including 21 representatives of the subfamily Platystictinae from Sri Lanka. Bootstrap support and posterior probabilities are shown if less than 100%. Specimen details are provided in Table 3 of Appendix 1.
FIGURE 175 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Platystictidae of Sri Lanka (Insecta: Odonata)
FIGURE 175. Bayesian inference of the combined 16S+28S+COI dataset from 46 Platystictidae taxa, represented by 62 specimens. Sri Lankan Platystictinae are represented by 21 species and 37 specimens. Posterior probabilities are shown if less than 100%. For Sri Lankan taxa the individual species-groups are indicated by the dark grey bars. The bars on the right indicate the distribution of individual specimens, the bars of Sri Lankan and Indian specimens are highlighted with light grey. Specimen details are provided in Table 3 of Appendix 1.
FIGURE 22 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 22. Bayesian tree of the nagatai species group deduced from the ND2 sequences using the cite-specific model. Numbers beside nodes are the posterior probabilities (PP).
FIGURE 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 21. ML tree of the nagatai species group deduced from the ND2 sequences (-lnL = 2928.92). Numbers above the branches show the bootstrap percentages (BP) of nodes, those below the branches are the BPs of the corresponding nodes in the MP analysis [1 MP tree found; tree length = 352, consistency index (CI) = 0.8580, retention index (RI) = 0.7126].
FIGURES 1–7 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURES 1–7. Trochanters, femuora and tibiae of hindlegs. 1. Amiota kimurai Chen & Toda; 2. A. nagatai Okada; 3. A. okinawana Okada; 4, 7. A. protuberantis Cao & Chen, sp. nov.; 5. A. bachlii Cao & Chen, sp. nov.; 6. A. chengyuae Cao & Chen, sp. nov. Scale line = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 8. Virtual 3D in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy
FIGURE 8. Virtual 3D isosurface rendering using VGStudio MAX of selected spicules within their skeletal context (A, B) and isolated from it (C, D), 3D-reconstructed from synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computed tomography images of the holotype. Virtual isolation (B) and comparative side-to side renderings of megasters (C) and megascleres (D). Micrasters are visualized as small dots, e.g. in the peripheral region in A.
FIGURE 7 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic consensus trees of COI sequences shown as a direct comparison between A. maximum likelihood (ML) and B. the 50% majority rule consensus phylogram of the Bayesian approach. Numbers indicate bootstrap values (A) and posterior probabilities (B). Some species are represented by different sampling locations as indicated by indices: 1, Limski canal, Croatia; 2, Elba, Italy; 3, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland; 4, Rovinj, Croatia.
FIGURE 6 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy
FIGURE 6. Morphometric correlations between megasters and megascleres in T. leysae sp. nov. A. Diameter of megasters vs. R/C ratio (ray length to radius of the massive spicule center), including linear fitted graphs. Choanosomal megasters (filled circles, Ch, n=85) are significantly smaller (independent t-test; p<0.001) than cortical megasters (filled triangles, Co, n=227). The same applies to R/C values, which are significantly lower for choanosomal megasters (independent t-test; p<0.001), indicating more solid megasters with shorter rays and/or relatively more solid centers. Both differences are also represented by the linear fitted graphs. B. Length of megascleres plotted vs. width. Main and auxiliary megascleres represent two significantly different size classes, in terms of both length and width (independent ttests, p<0.001).
FIGURE 5 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy
FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A–D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E–F; drawings modified from Sarà & Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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