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304 results for “Monsoon”
Tree-ring stable isotopes suggest an increase in Asian monsoon rainfall at 4.2 ka BP
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Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world's richest temperate alpine flora
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Data from: Betting on rains that do not come: Monsoon failure and leaf area overshoot relate to increased tree mortality from drought
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Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) Carbon Dioxide Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (7/2007-8/2009)
The Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) is to understand changes in ecosystem structure and function of a semiarid grassland caused by increased precipitation variability, which alters the pulses of soil moisture that drive primary productivity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. The overarching hypothesis being tested is that changes in event size and variability will alter grassland productivity, ecosystem processes, and plant community dynamics. In particular, we predict that many small events will increase soil CO2 effluxes by stimulating microbial processes but not plant growth, whereas a small number of large events will increase aboveground NPP and soil respiration by providing sufficient deep soil moisture to sustain plant growth for longer periods of time during the summer monsoon.
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) Soil Temperature Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (7/2007-8/2009)
The Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) is to understand changes in ecosystem structure and function of a semiarid grassland caused by increased precipitation variability, which alters the pulses of soil moisture that drive primary productivity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. The overarching hypothesis being tested is that changes in event size and variability will alter grassland productivity, ecosystem processes, and plant community dynamics. In particular, we predict that many small events will increase soil CO2 effluxes by stimulating microbial processes but not plant growth, whereas a small number of large events will increase aboveground NPP and soil respiration by providing sufficient deep soil moisture to sustain plant growth for longer periods of time during the summer monsoon.
Global track dataset of monsoon low pressure systems
<p>This dataset contains the tracks and intensities of low pressure system (LPS) in the global tropics (35ºS-35ºN), as identified in five atmospheric reanalyses (ERA5, ERA-Interim, JRA55, MERRA2, and CFSR) using the algorithm described in the paper titled <strong>Assessing historical variability of South Asian monsoon lows and depressions with an optimized tracking algorithm</strong>. Tracking of LPS was performed using an automated Lagrangian pointwise feature tracker, TempestExtremes (Ullrich & Zarzycki, 2017), with criteria chosen to best match a subjectively analyzed LPS dataset while minimizing disagreement between four atmospheric reanalyses. A full description of the algorithm and dataset is described in the preprint *(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032977">https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032977</a>)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Files:</strong></p> <ul> <li><em><strong>Header.txt</strong>: contains the names of columns of the LPS dataset files</em></li> <li><em><strong>LPS_Global_ERA5.dat</strong>: LPS track file for ERA5, 1979-2019, hourly resolution</em></li> <li><em><strong>LPS_Global_ERA-Interim.dat</strong>: LPS track file for ERA-Interim, 1979-2018, six-hourly resolution</em></li> <li><em><strong>LPS_Global_JRA55.dat</strong>: LPS track file for JRA55, 1958-2019, six-hourly resolution</em></li> <li><em><strong>LPS_Global_CFSR.dat</strong>: LPS track file for CFSR, 1979-2010, six-hourly resolution</em></li> <li><em><strong>LPS_Global_MERRA2.dat</strong>: LPS track file for MERRA2, 1980-2019, three-hourly resolution</em></li> </ul> <p><strong><em>Extented Data for ERA5:</em></strong></p> <ul> <li><em>ERA5 tracks for 1940-2022 are available on <strong><a href="https://boos.berkeley.edu">https://boos.berkeley.edu</a> </strong>in the "Data & Tools" section.</em></li> </ul> <p><strong>Script:</strong></p> <ul> <li><em><strong>Run_tempest_lps.sh</strong>: TempestExtremes script to track LPS in reanalysis dataset. </em></li> </ul> <p>Additionally, four python scripts are available to subset the dataset:</p> <ol> <li><em><strong>Python_Moist_LPS_heat_low.py</strong>: Python script to create two separate files for moist LPS and heat lows</em></li> <li><em><strong>Python_Low_Depression.py</strong>: Python script to create two separate files for monsoon lows and monsoon depressions</em></li> <li><em><strong>Python_Region.py</strong>: Python script to create a separate file for a region</em></li> <li><em><strong>Python_Season.py</strong>: Python script to create a separate file for a season</em></li> </ol> <p> </p> <ul> <li> </li> </ul> <p>Note: The TempestExtremes software can be obtained from GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/ClimateGlobalChange/tempestextremes">https://github.com/ClimateGlobalChange/tempestextremes</a>.</p> <p>For further details, contact S. Vishnu (<em>vishnuedv@gmail.com</em>) or William R Boos (<em>billboos@alum.mit.edu</em>).</p>
Data from: Contrasting scales of local persistence between monsoonal and arid biomes in closely related, low-dispersal vertebrates
Aim: Focussing on pairs of sister species across three genera of scincid lizards, we use genomic evidence to test for larger-scale, late-Pleistocene changes in distributions of lizards in the Australian Arid Zone (AZ) than in the adjacent Monsoonal Tropics (MT). Location: Northern and central Australia. Taxon: Scincidae: Squamata. Methods: We sequenced ~ 2000 nuclear exons and one mitochondrial gene across the distributions of species with primarily MT or AZ distributions from three genera of lizards. Using phylogenetic analysis and population structure analyses we identified major phylogeographic lineages and then compared the spatial scale of structuring and tested for recent demographic expansions. Results: Two genera in particular, Proablepharus and Morethia, showed deeper and more geographically localised phylogeographic diversity in the MT than the AZ. In the MT, localised diversity was prevalent in the relatively mesic regions. By contrast, the AZ was characterised by widespread and often genetically uniform lineages and a higher proportion of these had signals of recent population expansion. Main conclusions: Consistent with other recent, but mostly less genetically extensive studies, our results point to deeper and more localised diversity in MT compared to AZ. In turn, this suggests higher local persistence in more mesic and topographically diverse biome through the late Quaternary climate fluctuations. For the AZ, geographically extensive range expansions have likely contributed to the low spatial turnover of this exceptionally rich lizard fauna.
The U-shaped pattern of size-dependent mortality and its driving factors in a subtropical monsoon evergreen forest
<p>1. Tree mortality is an important ecological process influencing multiple functions of forest ecosystems. Previous studies have shown two basic size-mortality patterns, including a competition-driven declining and a disturbance-driven increasing mortality rate with tree size. Subtropical forests, which have a high species diversity and subject to frequent monsoon disturbances, are widely distributed in eastern Asia. However, the tree size-mortality pattern in the mature subtropical forests remains unclear.</p> <p>2. Here we analyzed patterns of size-dependent mortality from tree species to forest community using a 5-year inventory data from 117 species and 163,612 individuals in a 20-ha forest dynamic plot in a mature subtropical monsoon evergreen forest in eastern China. To explain the spatial variability in mortality patterns, two major biotic drivers (competition and tree size) and multiple local-scale environmental factors were further analyzed.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that tree size was the best predictor of tree mortality at the scales of both species and community. A species-level analysis identified four size-mortality patterns that are shaped by species-specific attributes such as maximum size and life form. For 27 out of 92 species that comprised 59% of tree individuals, the relationship between size and mortality exhibited a U-shaped pattern of a first decline followed by an increase. An overall community-scale size-dependent mortality also showed a U-shaped pattern.</p> <p>4. Tree mortality was also influenced by the competition and environmental conditions, but the relative importance varied widely across tree sizes and species. The competition showed significant correlations with the mortality of small trees, while the effect of environmental conditions on mortality was strongest for large trees. A principal component analysis showed that a combination of biotic and abiotic factors explained 42.3% of the spatial variation in mortality at large sizes.</p> <p><i>Synthesis.</i> Our results reveal four identifiable size-dependent mortality patterns that differ across diverse species, jointly leading to a U-shaped mortality size pattern at the community level. This finding calls for the need to establish the details of every potential size-mortality pattern with consideration of the different effects of biotic and abiotic factors on tree mortality of specific size.</p>
Observed trends in the South Asian monsoon low-pressure systems and rainfall extremes since the late1970s
<p>LPS tracks for the manuscript "Observed trends in the South Asian monsoon low-pressure systems and rainfall extremes since the late1970s"</p>
Tracing the origin of the South Asian summer monsoon precipitation and its variability using a novel Lagrangian framework
<p>moc.zip: This dataset was used to calculate the meridional overturning water-mass stream function (Fig.2) and net evaporation which are responsible for net precipitation over the South Asian landmass during June to September months (Fig.3).</p> <p>track_amp.zip: The vertically integrated horizontal water-mass flux was computed from this data (Fig.4).</p> <p>bob_path.zip: Net precipitation (Fig.5) and net evaporation (Fig.6) calculated from Lagrangian water-mass trajectories that have crossed over the Bay of Bengal at least once and fallen down over the South Asian landmass. Also, Table 2 was prepared using this data.</p> <p>evap_precip_basins.zip: This file contain datasets that were used to compute the contribution of separate basins to the South Asian summer monsoon precipitation (Table 1) and also how the spatial distribution related to each basin (Fig.7)</p> <p>interannual.zip: Interannual precipitation variability was obtained from this dataset.</p>
Data from: A revision of the bioregionalisation of freshwater fish communities in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics
The Australian freshwater fish fauna is very unique, but poorly understood. In the Australian Monsoonal Tropics (AMT) biome of northern Australia, the number of described and candidate species has nearly doubled since the last attempt to analyse freshwater fish species composition patterns and determine a bioregionalisation scheme. Here, we utilise the most complete database of catchment‐scale freshwater fish distributions from the AMT to date to: (a) reanalyze spatial patterns of species richness, endemism and turnover of freshwater fishes; (b) propose a biogeographic regionalisation based on species turnover; (c) assess the relationship between species turnover and patterns of environmental change and historic drainage connectivity; and (d) identify sampling gaps. Biogeographic provinces were identified using an agglomerative cluster analysis of a Simpson's beta (βsim) dissimilarity matrix. A generalised dissimilarity model incorporating eighteen environmental variables was used to investigate the environmental correlates of species turnover. Observed and estimated species richness and endemism were calculated and inventory completeness was estimated based on the ratio of observed to estimated species richness. Three major freshwater fish biogeographic provinces and 14 subprovinces are proposed. These differ substantially from the current bioregionalisation scheme. Species turnover was most strongly influenced by environmental variables that are interpreted to reflect changes in terrain (catchment relief and confinement), geology and climate (runoff perenniality, stream density), and biotic responses to climate (net primary productivity). Past connectivity between rivers during low sea‐level events is also influential highlighting the importance of historical processes in explaining contemporary patterns of biodiversity in the AMT. The inclusion of 49 newly discovered species and candidate species only reinforced known focal points of species richness and endemism in the AMT. However, a number of key sampling gaps remain that need to be filled to fully characterise the proposed bioregionalisation.
Data from: Multilocus phylogeography reveals nested endemism in a gecko across the monsoonal tropics of Australia
Multilocus phylogeography can uncover taxonomically unrecognized lineage diversity across complex biomes. The Australian monsoonal tropics includes vast, ecologically intact savanna-woodland plains interspersed with ancient sandstone uplands. Though recognized in general for its high species richness and endemism, the biodiversity of the region remains underexplored due to its remoteness. This is despite a high rate of ongoing species discovery, especially in wetter regions and for rock-restricted taxa. To provide a baseline for ongoing comparative analyses, we tested for phylogeographic structure in an ecologically generalized and widespread taxon, the gecko Heteronotia binoei. We apply coalescent analyses to multilocus sequence data (mitochondrial DNA and eight nuclear DNA introns) from individuals sampled extensively and at fine scale across the region. The results demonstrate surprisingly deep and geographically nested lineage diversity. Several intraspecific clades previously shown to be endemic to the region were themselves found to contain multiple, short-range lineages. To infer landscapes with concentrations of unique phylogeographic diversity, we probabilistically estimate the ranges of lineages from point data and then, combining these estimates with the nDNA species tree, estimate phyloendemism across the region. Highest levels of phyloendemism occur in northern Top End, especially on islands, across the topographically complex Arnhem escarpment, and across the sandstone ranges of the western Gulf region. These results drive home that deep phylogeographic structure is prevalent in tropical low-dispersal taxa, even ones that are ubiquitous across geography and habitats.
Case Study Scenarios (CSS) 10 for the Asian Summer Monsoon
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Phytoplankton community successions associated with monsoon periods with an emphasis on Trichodesmium in the southern South China Sea
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Supporting Data for "The Toba Eruption 74,000 Years ago Strengthened the Indian Winter Monsoon - Evidence from Coccolithophores" - AGU Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
<p>All data tables (Tables S1-S9) supporting the manuscript "The Toba Eruption 74,000 Years Ago Strengthened the Indian Winter Monsoon - Evidence from Coccolithophores". Files are uploaded as .csv or in Excel (.xlsx) formats, both compressed as a .zip file. See below for a brief description of the contents of each table found in both formats. Please refer to the manuscript for details of the referenced publications in the dataset.</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Table</td> <td>Table Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S1</td> <td>Ages used for calculating the error-weighted mean age of the YTT eruption (Crick et al., 2021; Du et al., 2019; Mark et al., 2017; Svennson et al., 2013).</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S2</td> <td>RAMPFIT parameters used to construct the modified age model in this study.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S3</td> <td>Resampled L* reflectance data (Deplazes et al., 2013c) used for RAMPFIT modeling.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S4</td> <td>Modified age model used in this study.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S5</td> <td><em>Florisphaera profunda</em> and <em>Helicosphaera carteri</em> relative abundance, estimated primary productivity, and paleo-temperature estimates based on the <em>Gephyrocapsa </em>transfer function.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S6</td> <td>Calculations of the duration of the enclosed interval and the lower limb using various age models.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S7</td> <td>Summary of calculations of sedimentation rates and the estimated duration of the enclosed interval.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S8</td> <td>Comparison of selected "warm" and "cold" periods between the dataset of Rogalla & Andruleit (2005) and this study.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S9</td> <td>Original and adjusted age models of selected marine (Deplazes et al., 2013c) and terrestrial proxy records (Andersen et al., 2004; Du et al., 2019; Svensson et al., 2013) in this study.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Effects of monsoon-driven currents on copepods in the northeastern South China Sea
<p>Zooplankton sampling was conducted in the NESCS during the summer cruise (August 3-20, 2015) and the winter cruise (February 28 to March 20, 2016) with a total of 5 transects and 24 stations for each cruise. One station (SEM) was set up in each season for zooplankton collection using Multi Plankton Sampler Maxi MultiNet System (mouth opening=0.5 m2, HYDRO-BIOS) equipped with 9 nets (mesh size=300μm).</p>
Multi-proxy records from Anshupa Lake, Core Monsoon Zone, India since ~1300 AD.
<p>The dataset contains sedimentological and geochemical proxy records from Anshupa Laka, Odisha, present in the Core Monsoon Zone, India. These represent a 1.36m long sediment core ranging from -1300 AD to recent. The data includes grain size parameters, energy model end members, major oxides and trace elements, and Principal Component Analysis values. </p>
FIGURE 3. Secondary structures for the D1–D1 in New cyanobacterium Aliterella vladivostokensis sp. nov. (Aliterellaceae, Chroococcidiopsidales), isolated from temperate monsoon climate zone (Vladivostok, Russia)
FIGURE 3. Secondary structures for the D1–D1′ helices in the ITS regions for five Aliterella species and putative genus member Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509. Conservative nucleotides are grey colored.The unique marker mutations for the new species A. vladivostokensis are black colored. Arrowheads show compensatory (CBCs) and hemi-compensatory base changes (hCBCs). Homological base pairs among different species are indicated by dotted lines.
The effects of ENSO and the North American monsoon on mast seeding in two Rocky Mountain conifer species
<p>We aimed to disentangle the patterns of synchronous and variable cone production (i.e., masting) and its relationship to climate in two conifer species native to dry forests of western North America. We used cone abscission scars to reconstruct ca. 15 years of recent cone production in <i>Pinus edulis </i>and<i> Pinus ponderosa</i>, and used redundancy analysis to relate time series of annual cone production to climate indices describing the North American monsoon and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that the sensitivity to climate and resulting synchrony in cone production varies substantially between species. Cone production among populations of <i>P. edulis</i> was much more spatially synchronous and more closely related to large-scale modes of climate variability than were populations of <i>P. ponderosa</i>. Large-scale synchrony in <i>P. edulis</i> cone production was associated with the North American monsoon and we identified a dipole pattern of regional cone production associated with ENSO phase. In <i>P. ponderosa</i>, these climate indices were not strongly associated with cone production, resulting in asynchronous masting patterns among populations. This study helps frame our understanding of mast seeding as a life history strategy and has implications for our ability to forecast mast years in these species.</p>
AGCM output for "Effects of subseasonal variation in the East Asian monsoon system on the summertime heat wave in western North America in 2021"
<p>The file named "EXP_2021ANO_heat.nc" is the anomalous heating used in "EXP_2021ANO". The file of "EXP_2021ANO_output.nc" is simulated largescale fields including temperature, zonal and meridional winds and geopotential height at 5 sigma levels integrated for 121 days.</p> <p>The files named "EXP_2021ANO_ens*_heat.nc" and "EXP_2021ANO_ens*_output.nc" are the anomalous heating and simulated largescale fields from five ensemble members of "EXP_2021ANO" experiment, respectively. </p> <p>The files named "EXP_2021CL_*.nc", "EXP_2021HT_*.nc", and "EXP_CLIMJET_*.nc" are same with "EXP_2021ANO_*.nc", but for the results for sensitive experiemts of "EXP_2021CL", "EXP_2021HT" and "EXP_CLIMJET".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.