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zenodo36/100

Data for manuscript "The Prevalence of Terms Denoting Far-right and Far-left Political Extremism in U.S. and U.K. News Media"

This data set belongs to an academic manuscript examining longitudinally (2000-2019) the prevalence of terms denoting far-right and far-left political extremism in a large corpus of more than 32 million written news and opinion articles from 54 news media outlets popular in the United States and the United Kingdom. The textual content of news and opinion articles from the 54 outlets listed in the main manuscript is available in the outlet's online domains and/or public cache repositories such as Google cache (https://webcache.googleusercontent.com), The Internet Wayback Machine (https://archive.org/web/web.php), and Common Crawl (https://commoncrawl.org). We used derived word frequency counts from these sources. Textual content included in our analysis is circumscribed to articles headlines and main body of text of the articles and does not include other article elements such as figure captions. Targeted textual content was located in HTML raw data using outlet specific xpath expressions. Tokens were lowercased prior to estimating frequency counts. To prevent outlets with sparse text content for a year from distorting aggregate frequency counts, we only include outlet frequency counts from years for which there is at least 1 million words of article content from an outlet. This threshold was chosen to maximize inclusion in our analysis of outlets with sparse amounts of articles text per year.  Yearly frequency usage of a target word in an outlet in any given year was estimated by dividing the total number of occurrences of the target word in all articles of a given year by the number of all words in all articles of that year. This method of estimating frequency accounts for variable volume of total article output over time. The list of compressed files in this data set is listed next: -analysisScripts.rar contains the analysis scripts used in the main manuscript  -articlesContainingTargetWords.rar contains counts of target words in outlets articles as well as total counts of words in articles   Usage Notes In a small percentage of articles, outlet specific XPath expressions failed to properly capture the content of the article due to the heterogeneity of HTML elements and CSS styling combinations with which articles text content is arranged in outlets online domains. As a result, the total and target word counts metrics for a small subset of articles are not precise. In a random sample of articles and outlets, manual estimation of target words counts overlapped with the automatically derived counts for over 90% of the articles. Most of the incorrect frequency counts were minor deviations from the actual counts such as for instance counting the word "Facebook" in an article footnote encouraging article readers to follow the journalist’s Facebook profile and that the XPath expression mistakenly included as the content of the article main text. Some additional outlet-specific inaccuracies that we could identify occurred in "The Hill" and "Newsmax" news outlets where XPath expressions had some shortfalls at precisely capturing articles’ content. For "The Hill", in years 2007-2009, XPath expressions failed to capture the complete text of the article in about 40% of the articles. This does not necessarily result in incorrect frequency counts for that outlet but in a sample of articles’ words that is about 40% smaller than the total population of articles words for those three years. In the case of "NewsMax", the issue was that for some articles, XPath expressions captured the entire text of the article twice. Notice that this does not result in incorrect frequency counts. If a word appears x times in an article with a total of y words, the same frequency count will still be derived when our scripts count the word 2x times in the version of the article with a total of 2y words. To conclude, in a data analysis of 32 million articles, we cannot manually check the correctness of frequency counts for every single article and hundred percent accuracy at capturing articles’ content is elusive due to the small number of difficult to detect boundary cases such as incorrect HTML markup syntax in online domains. Overall however, we are confident that our frequency metrics are representative of word prevalence in print news media content (see Figure 1 in the main manuscript for illustration of the accuracy of the frequency counts).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

A Social and News Media Benchmark Dataset for Topic Modeling

A novel approach to topic modeling using PSO-based clustering is compared to traditional techniques using the 20 Newsgroups dataset and a collection of posts from the Reddit health forum r/Cancer.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Dataset for Report: "The Increasing Prominence of Prejudice and Social Justice Rhetoric in UK News Media"

This data set contains frequency counts of target words in 16 million news and opinion articles from 10 popular news media outlets in the United Kingdom. The target words are listed in the associated report and are mostly words that denote prejudice or are often associated with social justice discourse. A few additional words not denoting prejudice are also available since they are used in the report for illustration purposes of the method. The textual content of news and opinion articles from the outlets is available in the outlet's online domains and/or public cache repositories such as Google cache (https://webcache.googleusercontent.com), The Internet Wayback Machine (https://archive.org/web/web.php), and Common Crawl (https://commoncrawl.org). We used derived word frequency counts from these sources. Textual content included in our analysis is circumscribed to articles headlines and main body of text of the articles and does not include other article elements such as figure captions. Targeted textual content was located in HTML raw data using outlet specific xpath expressions. Tokens were lowercased prior to estimating frequency counts. To prevent outlets with sparse text content for a year from distorting aggregate frequency counts, we only include outlet frequency counts from years for which there is at least 1 million words of article content from an outlet. This threshold was chosen to maximize inclusion in our analysis of outlets with sparse amounts of articles text per year.  Yearly frequency usage of a target word in an outlet in any given year was estimated by dividing the total number of occurrences of the target word in all articles of a given year by the number of all words in all articles of that year. This method of estimating frequency accounts for variable volume of total article output over time. In a small percentage of articles, outlet specific XPath expressions might fail to properly capture the content of the article due to the heterogeneity of HTML elements and CSS styling combinations with which articles text content is arranged in outlets online domains. As a result, the total and target word counts metrics for a small subset of articles are not precise. In a random sample of articles and outlets, manual estimation of target words counts overlapped with the automatically derived counts for over 90% of the articles. Most of the incorrect frequency counts are often minor deviations from the actual counts such as for instance counting the word "Facebook" in an article footnote encouraging article readers to follow the journalist’s Facebook profile and that the XPath expression mistakenly included as the content of the article main text.To conclude, in a data analysis of over 16 million articles, we cannot manually check the correctness of frequency counts for every single article and hundred percent accuracy at capturing articles’ content is elusive due to the small number of difficult to detect boundary cases such as incorrect HTML markup syntax in online domains. Overall however, we are confident that our frequency metrics are representative of word prevalence in print news media content (see Figure 2 of main manuscript for supporting evidence of the temporal precision of the method).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

CT-FAN: A Multilingual dataset for Fake News Detection

By downloading the data, you agree with the terms & conditions mentioned below: Data Access: The data in the research collection may only be used for research purposes. Portions of the data are copyrighted and have commercial value as data, so you must be careful to use them only for research purposes.  Summaries, analyses and interpretations of the linguistic properties of the information may be derived and published, provided it is impossible to reconstruct the information from these summaries. You may not try identifying the individuals whose texts are included in this dataset. You may not try to identify the original entry on the fact-checking site. You are not permitted to publish any portion of the dataset besides summary statistics or share it with anyone else. We grant you the right to access the collection's content as described in this agreement. You may not otherwise make unauthorised commercial use of, reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies, perform, or publicly display the collection or parts of it. You are responsible for keeping and storing the data in a way that others cannot access. The data is provided free of charge. Citation Please cite our work as <pre>@InProceedings{clef-checkthat:2022:task3, author = {K{\"o}hler, Juliane and Shahi, Gautam Kishore and Stru{\ss}, Julia Maria and Wiegand, Michael and Siegel, Melanie and Mandl, Thomas}, title = "Overview of the {CLEF}-2022 {CheckThat}! Lab Task 3 on Fake News Detection", year = {2022}, booktitle = "Working Notes of CLEF 2022---Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum", series = {CLEF~'2022}, address = {Bologna, Italy},} </pre> <pre>@article{shahi2021overview, title={Overview of the CLEF-2021 CheckThat! lab task 3 on fake news detection}, author={Shahi, Gautam Kishore and Stru{\ss}, Julia Maria and Mandl, Thomas}, journal={Working Notes of CLEF}, year={2021} }</pre> Problem Definition: Given the text of a news article, determine whether the main claim made in the article is true, partially true, false, or other (e.g., claims in dispute) and detect the topical domain of the article. This task will run in English and German. Task 3: Multi-class fake news detection of news articles (English) Sub-task A would detect fake news designed as a four-class classification problem. Given the text of a news article, determine whether the main claim made in the article is true, partially true, false, or other. The training data will be released in batches and roughly about 1264 articles with the respective label in English language. Our definitions for the categories are as follows: <ul> <li> False - The main claim made in an article is untrue. </li> <li> Partially False - The main claim of an article is a mixture of true and false information. The article contains partially true and partially false information but cannot be considered 100% true. It includes all articles in categories like partially false, partially true, mostly true, miscaptioned, misleading etc., as defined by different fact-checking services. </li> <li> True - This rating indicates that the primary elements of the main claim are demonstrably true. </li> <li> Other- An article that cannot be categorised as true, false, or partially false due to a lack of evidence about its claims. This category includes articles in dispute and unproven articles. </li> </ul> Cross-Lingual Task (German) Along with the multi-class task for the English language, we have introduced a task for low-resourced language. We will provide the data for the test in the German language. The idea of the task is to use the English data and the concept of transfer to build a classification model for the German language. Input Data The data will be provided in the format of Id, title, text, rating, the domain; the description of the columns is as follows: <ul> <li>ID- Unique identifier of the news article</li> <li>Title- Title of the news article</li> <li>text- Text mentioned inside the news article</li> <li>our rating - class of the news article as false, partially false, true, other</li> </ul> Output data format <ul> <li>public_id- Unique identifier of the news article</li> <li>predicted_rating- predicted class</li> </ul> Sample File <pre><code>public_id, predicted_rating 1, false 2, true</code></pre> IMPORTANT! <ol> <li>We have used the data from 2010 to 2022, and the content of fake news is mixed up with several topics like elections, COVID-19 etc.</li> </ol> Baseline: For this task, we have created a baseline system. The baseline system can be found at <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6362498">https://zenodo.org/record/6362498</a> Related Work <ul> <li>Shahi GK. AMUSED: An Annotation Framework of Multi-modal Social Media Data. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.00502. 2020 Oct 1.<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00502.pdf">https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.00502.pdf</a></li> <li>G. K. Shahi and D. Nandini, “FakeCovid – a multilingual cross-domain fact check news dataset for covid-19,” in workshop Proceedings of the 14th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 2020. <a href="http://workshop-proceedings.icwsm.org/abstract?id=2020_14">http://workshop-proceedings.icwsm.org/abstract?id=2020_14</a></li> <li>Shahi, G. K., Dirkson, A., & Majchrzak, T. A. (2021). An exploratory study of covid-19 misinformation on twitter. Online Social Networks and Media, 22, 100104. doi: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.osnem.2020.100104">10.1016/j.osnem.2020.100104</a></li> <li>Shahi, G. K., Struß, J. M., & Mandl, T. (2021). Overview of the CLEF-2021 CheckThat! lab task 3 on fake news detection. Working Notes of CLEF.</li> <li>Nakov, P., Da San Martino, G., Elsayed, T., Barrón-Cedeno, A., Míguez, R., Shaar, S., ... & Mandl, T. (2021, March). The CLEF-2021 CheckThat! lab on detecting check-worthy claims, previously fact-checked claims, and fake news. In European Conference on Information Retrieval (pp. 639-649). Springer, Cham.</li> <li>Nakov, P., Da San Martino, G., Elsayed, T., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Míguez, R., Shaar, S., ... & Kartal, Y. S. (2021, September). Overview of the CLEF–2021 CheckThat! Lab on Detecting Check-Worthy Claims, Previously Fact-Checked Claims, and Fake News. In International Conference of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages (pp. 264-291). Springer, Cham.</li> </ul>

openMay 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for manuscript: "Longitudinal Analysis of Sentiment and Emotion in News Media Headlines Using Automated Labelling with Transformer Language Models"

This data set contains automated sentiment and emotionality annotations of 23 million headlines from 47 popular news media outlets popular in the United States.  The set of 47 news media outlets analysed (listed in Figure 1 of the main manuscript) was derived from the AllSides organization <a href="https://www.allsides.com/blog/updated-allsides-media-bias-chart-version-11">2019 Media Bias Chart v1.1</a>. The human ratings of outlets’ ideological leanings were also taken from this chart and are listed in Figure 2 of the main manuscript.  News articles headlines from the set of outlets analyzed in the manuscript are available in the outlets’ online domains and/or public cache repositories such as The Internet Wayback Machine, Google cache and Common Crawl. Articles headlines were located in articles’ HTML raw data using outlet-specific XPath expressions.  The temporal coverage of headlines across news outlets is not uniform. For some media organizations, news articles availability in online domains or Internet cache repositories becomes sparse for earlier years. Furthermore, some news outlets popular in 2019, such as The Huffington Post or Breitbart, did not exist in the early 2000’s. Hence, our data set is sparser in headlines sample size and representativeness for earlier years in the 2000-2019 timeline. Nevertheless, 18 outlets in our data set have chronologically continuous partial or full headline data availability fulfilling our inclusive criteria (see manuscript Methods) since the year 2000. Figure S 1 in the SI reports the number of headlines per outlet and per year in our analysis. In a small percentage of articles, outlet specific XPath expressions might fail to properly capture the content of the headline due to the heterogeneity of HTML elements and CSS styling combinations with which articles text content is arranged in outlets online domains. After manual testing, we determined that the percentage of headlines following in this category is very small. Additionally, our method might miss detecting some articles in the online domains of news outlets. To conclude, in a data analysis of over 23 million headlines, we cannot manually check the correctness of every single data instance and hundred percent accuracy at capturing headlines’ content is elusive due to the small number of difficult to detect boundary cases such as incorrect HTML markup syntax in online domains. Overall however, we are confident that our headlines set is representative of headlines in print news media content for the studied time period and outlets analyzed. The list of compressed files in this data set is listed next: -analysisScripts.rar contains the analysis scripts used in the main manuscript as well as aggregated data of sentiment and emotionality automated annotations of the headlines and human annotations of a subset of headlines sentiment and emotionality used as ground truth.  -models.rar contains the Transformer sentiment and emotion annotation models used in the analysis. Namely:  Siebert/sentiment-roberta-large-english from https://huggingface.co/siebert/sentiment-roberta-large-english. This model is a fine-tuned checkpoint of <a href="https://huggingface.co/roberta-large">RoBERTa-large</a> (<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Liu et al. 2019</a>). It enables reliable binary sentiment analysis for various types of English-language text. For each instance, it predicts either positive (1) or negative (0) sentiment. The model was fine-tuned and evaluated on 15 data sets from diverse text sources to enhance generalization across different types of texts (reviews, tweets, etc.). See more information from the original authors at https://huggingface.co/siebert/sentiment-roberta-large-english DistilbertSST2.rar is the default sentiment classification model of the HuggingFace Transformer library https://huggingface.co/ This model is only used to replicate the results of the sentiment analysis with sentiment-roberta-large-english  DistilRoberta j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base from https://huggingface.co/j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base. The model is a fine-tuned checkpoint of <a href="https://huggingface.co/distilroberta-base">DistilRoBERTa-base</a>. The model allows annotation of English text with  Ekman's 6 basic emotions, plus a neutral class. The model was trained on 6 diverse datasets. Please refer to the original author at https://huggingface.co/j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base for an overview of the data sets used for fine tuning. https://huggingface.co/j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base -headlinesDataWithSentimentLabelsAnnotationsFromSentimentRobertaLargeModel.rar URLs of headlines analyzed and the sentiment annotations of the siebert/sentiment-roberta-large-english Transformer model. https://huggingface.co/siebert/sentiment-roberta-large-english -headlinesDataWithSentimentLabelsAnnotationsFromDistilbertSST2.rar URLs of headlines analyzed and the sentiment annotations of the default HuggingFace sentiment analysis model fine-tuned on the SST-2 dataset. https://huggingface.co/ -headlinesDataWithEmotionLabelsAnnotationsFromDistilRoberta.rar URLs of headlines analyzed and the emotion categories annotations of the j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base Transformer model. https://huggingface.co/j-hartmann/emotion-english-distilroberta-base

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

dryad36/100

A content analysis of Vietnam online news about a pentavaent vaccine in the EPI

This includes two files: -One dataset includes details about the online newspaper articles about Quinvaxem, a 5-in-1 vaccine used in Expanded Programme on Immunization in Vietnam. It includes the names of articles, publication dates and original webpages which the author retrieved the articles from. - The coding framework used for categorizing articles. This was built based on codebooks used in previous studies about vaccine media analysis. It was piloted and tested for interrater reliability.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Fake news? The impact of information mismatch in mating behaviour

Multiple cues are often used for mate choice in complex environments, potentially entailing mismatches between different sources of information. We address the consequences thereof for receivers using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, in which virgin females are highly valuable mates compared to mated females, given first male sperm precedence. Accordingly, males prefer virgins and distinguish them using cues from the females and/or that are present on the substrate. Whereas the former are more reliable, the latter may allow for a faster or more long-distance response. However, there can be mismatched information between cues as females move and/or mate. Here, we tested the consequences thereof by exposing males to mated or virgin females on patches previously impregnated with cues deposited by females of either mating status. Male mating attempts were solely affected by substrate cues while female acceptance and the number of mating events were independently affected by both cues. Copulation duration, in contrast, depended mainly on the mating status of the female, with the number of copulations and the total time spent mating being intermediate in environments with mismatched information. Ultimately, male survival costs mirrored male investment in mating. These results suggest that, in environments with mismatched information, the substrate cues left by females are instrumental for males to find their mates, but they can also lead to males paying survival costs without the associated benefit of mating effectively, or suffering reduced costs at the expense of losing effective mating opportunities. The benefit of using multiple cues will then hinge upon the frequency of information mismatch, which itself should vary with the dynamics of populations.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Multilingual Fake News Detection Dataset: Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi, and Telugu

This dataset is designed to support research in fake news detection across four major Indian languages: Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi, and Telugu. The dataset includes a diverse set of news articles collected from various sources, each labeled as either 'fake' or 'real'. The primary goal is to provide a resource that helps in the development and evaluation of natural language processing (NLP) models capable of detecting fake news in these regional languages.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Figure 4 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Figure 4. Numbers of Rotifera species per family in Bahia State, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Metaphors in News Editorials

Metaphorical language is a pivotal element in the realm of political framing. Existing work from linguistics and the social sciences provides compelling evidence regarding the distinctiveness of conceptual framing for political ideology perspectives. However, the nature and utilization of metaphors and the effect on audiences of different political ideologies within political discourses are hardly explored. To enable research in this direction, in this work we create a dataset, originally based on news editorials and labeled with their persuasive effects on liberals and conservatives and extend it with annotations pertaining to metaphorical usage of language. To that end, first, we identify all single metaphors and composite metaphors. Secondly, we provide annotations of the source and target domains for each metaphor. As a result, our corpus consists of 300 news editorials annotated with spans of texts containing metaphors and the corresponding domains of which these metaphors draw from. Our analysis shows that liberal readers are affected by metaphors, whereas conservatives are resistant to them. Both ideologies are affected differently based on the metaphor source and target category. For example, liberals are affected by metaphors in the Darkness & Light (e.g., death) source domains, where as the source domain of Nature affects conservatives more significantly.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Incentivizing news consumption on social media platforms using large language models and realistic bot accounts

This project examines how to enhance users' exposure to and engagement with verified and ideologically balanced news in an ecologically valid setting. We rely on a large-scale two-week long field experiment on 28,457 Twitter users. We created 28 bots utilizing GPT-2 that replied to users tweeting about sports, entertainment, or lifestyle with a contextual reply containing two hardcoded elements: a URL to the topic-relevant section of quality news organization and an encouragement to follow its Twitter account. Treated users were randomly assigned to receive responses by bots presented as female or male. We examine whether our intervention enhances the following of news media organization, the sharing/liking of news content and the tweeting/liking of political content. We find that the treated users followed more news accounts and the users in the female bot treatment were more likely to like news content than the control.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Domain shares on Twitter containing news and misinformation

This dataset contains a set of domain sharing actions that occurred on Twitter during the month of June 2017. Each domain sharing action can be thought of as a triple (user_id, action_id, domain). The user_id is an anonymized Twitter account ID, and the action_id is an anonymized tweet ID. The tweets from which the dataset was created were collected through Twitter's decahose API. Each user in the dataset was responsible for sharing at least one news article, and at least one article that can be labeled as misinformation.  The data is distributed in domain-shares.data in the following JSON format: <pre><code class="language-json">{ "<user-id>": { "<action-id>": ["<domain>", "<domain>", ...], ... }, ... }</code></pre> For example: <pre><code class="language-json">{ "22359b28-93e1-4c13-a3eb-e72357b77c65": { "1": ["palmerreport.com"], "2": ["reuters.com", "abcn.ws"], "3": ["mobile.nytimes.com"] }, "ffe79a32-d49d-4780-87b7-bb6417106067": { "4": ["dallasnews.com"] } }</code></pre> In addition, a TAB-separated version with (user id, action id, domain) triples is also available. For further information on how the dataset was constructed and on analyses that have been conducted on it, please refer to the accompanying Github repository at <a href="https://github.com/dimitargnikolov/twitter-bias">https://github.com/dimitargnikolov/twitter-bias</a>.

opencc-by-nc-sa-4.0Feb 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

Crunchbase in RDF: A Large Data Set About Jobs, Websites, Organizations, News, People, Products, and Acquisitions

CrunchBase in an online platform providing information about startups and technology companies, including related entities such as the products they sell, key people they employ, and investments they made and received. We provide here an RDF data set of Crunchbase as of October 2015. The data set contains information about <ul> <li>1,946,435 jobs</li> <li>1,348,449 websites</li> <li>567,937 organizations</li> <li>519,763 news</li> <li>430,093 people</li> <li>60,076 products, and</li> <li>33,127 acquisitions.</li> </ul> The data set has been used, among other things, for data integration with financial data sources to evaluate the performance of particular companies and for monitoring news to find statements that are not in Crunchbase as an RDF knowledge graph yet. Note that the provided data set was created in October 2015 when all Crunchbase data was licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC-BY-NC) and partly under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY). Also the provied data set is licensed under these licenses. Concerning licensing of current Crunchbase data, we can refer to <a href="https://about.crunchbase.com/terms-of-service/">https://about.crunchbase.com/terms-of-service/</a>. For more information about the data set, see our paper <a href="http://dbis.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/content/team/faerber/papers/CrunchBaseWrapper_SWJ2017.pdf">A Linked Data Wrapper for CrunchBase.</a> When you use the data set, please cite us as follows: <blockquote> Michael Färber, Carsten Menne, Andreas Harth. “A Linked Data Wrapper for CrunchBase”. In: Semantic Web Journal 9(4). IOS Press, 2018, pp. 505–5015. (<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bibtex/journals/semweb/FarberMH18">BibTeX entry at DBLP</a>) </blockquote>

opencc-by-nc-4.0Aug 2016View details →

zenodo36/100

PODCAST: The Impact of News Recommender Systems on our Personal Identity

This 45-minute podcast is a result of qualitative research which aims to identify if we should be concerned that news recommender systems may have an impact on our personal identities over time. Ind sets out to achieve a number of objectives. 1. To understand how news recommender systems influence the way of seeing and experiencing the world in which we anchor our identities 2. To examine the extent to which news recommendations are transforming and shaping our preferences and behaviours 3. To determine if we should be concerned about personal data privacy, as news recommendations technology collects our personal data to create algorithmically generated news recommendations 4. To explore if we think that personalised news recommendations can serve to sharpen our focus and broaden our minds in parallel The Impact of News Recommender Systems on our Personal Identity is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

German Fake News Dataset "GermanFakeNC"

"GermanFakeNC" is a German Fake News Corpus including 490 texts which were retrieved from German alternative online media sources. Every fake statement in the text was verified claim-by-claim by authoritative sources (e.g. from local police authorities, scientific studies, the police press office, etc.). The time interval for most of the news is established from December 2015 to March 2018. Steps to reproduce the data are described in the README file. Please cite:   <pre>@inproceedings{TPDL_Vogel19, author = {Inna Vogel and Peter Jiang}, title = {Fake News Detection with the New German Dataset "GermanFakeNC"}, booktitle = {Digital Libraries for Open Knowledge - 23rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, {TPDL} 2019, Oslo, Norway, September 9-12, 2019, Proceedings}, pages = {288--295}, year = {2019}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30760-8\_25}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30760-8\_25}, }</pre>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

PIE News Early User Survey data

The PIE News “Early User Survey” is an evaluation-related activity which is grounded on the adoption of a subjective understanding of the term “precarious”, as a condition and not as a contractual status. This means that one can be precarious also with a permanent work contract, because the many possible dimensions of uncertainty (e.g.: employer under risk, crisis of the job market) drive an objective or just perceived individual precarious feeling. The more objective understanding of the precarious experience will probably be a project outcome. The survey ended the 25 October 2016 involving people contacted by the PIE News pilot leaders in Italy, Croatia and the Netherlands.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

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Table 1 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Table 1. Sampling localities of Rotifera in the State of Bahia,with number of locations, code,region,environment, geographic coordinates and references. CDDTA: Center for the Development and Dissemination of Aquaculture Technology<table><tbody><tr><th>Samplig sites</th><th>Code</th><th>Locality</th><th>Municipality</th><th>Environment</th><th>Coordinates (S-W)</th><th>References</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>TT</td><td>Tilapia cultivation tank - CDDTA</td><td>Paulo Afonso (PA)</td><td>Lentic</td><td>9°24’36.21”- 38°13’17.16’</td><td>Oliveira et al (2015)</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>RN</td><td>Natural Reservoir</td><td>Povoado Olhos D’água do Souza, Glória (GL)</td><td>Lentic</td><td>9°21’29.86’’- 38°15’38.23”</td><td>Araújo and Nogueira (2016)</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>BS</td><td>Barrage Sobradinho</td><td>Casa Nova (CS)</td><td>Lentic</td><td>9°25’34.78”- 41°09’24.80”</td><td>Crispim and Watanabe (2000)</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>SFb</td><td>São Francisco River</td><td>Barra (BR)</td><td>Lotic</td><td>11°05’56.46”- 43°08’23.62”</td><td>Neumann-Leitão and Nogueira-Paranhos (1987)</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>SFx</td><td>São Francisco River</td><td>Xique-Xique (XX)</td><td>Lotic</td><td>11°00’02.85”- 43°02’42.46”</td><td>Neumann-Leitão and Nogueira-Paranhos (1987)</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>SFs</td><td>São Francisco River</td><td>Sobradinho (SD)</td><td>Lotic</td><td>9°26’31.36”- 40°47’57.05”</td><td>Neumann-Leitão and Nogueira-Paranhos (1987)</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>SFr</td><td>São Francisco River</td><td>Rodelas (RD)</td><td>Lotic</td><td>8°59’14.64”- 38°39’32.78”</td><td>Neumann-Leitão and Nogueira- Paranhos (1987)</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>RPC</td><td>Reservoir of Pedra do Cavalo</td><td>Feira de Santana</td><td>Lentic</td><td>12°35’ - 38°59’</td><td>Santos et al (2019)</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>LB</td><td>Lagoon of Bateias</td><td>Vitória da Conquista (VC)</td><td>Lentic</td><td>14°51’15.45”- 40°52’12.06”</td><td>Data of 2010 - 2011</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>PNSV</td><td>National Park of Sempre Vivas</td><td>Mucugê (MC)</td><td>Lotic</td><td>12°59’35.9”- 41°20’25.8”</td><td>Data of 2011 - 2012</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>RC</td><td>Cumbuca River</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Data of 2011 - 2013</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>RP</td><td>Piabinha River</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Data of 2011 - 2014</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>RFBF</td><td>Reservoir of Fazenda Beija-flor</td><td>Vitória da Conquista</td><td>Lentic</td><td>14°58’12.74” - 40°49’12.61”</td><td>Data of 2012 - 2013</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>CRB</td><td>Cachoeira River Basin</td><td>South Bahia</td><td>Lotic</td><td></td><td>data of 2014 - 2015</td></tr><tr><th>12</th><td>RS</td><td>Salgado River</td><td></td><td></td><td>14°53’56.47” - 39°42’21.53”</td><td>data of 2014 - 2016</td></tr><tr><th>13</th><td>RCo</td><td>Colônia River</td><td></td><td></td><td>15°06’18.19”- 39°56’12.04”</td><td>data of 2014 - 2017</td></tr><tr><th>14</th><td>RCa</td><td>Cachoeira River</td><td></td><td></td><td>14°54’44.16’- 39°23’15.74”</td><td>data of 2014 - 2018</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Table 2 in Rotifers of Bahia State, Brazil: News records and limitations to studies

Table 2. List of occurrence and Frequency of occurrence (FO%) of Rotifera species in freshwater, state of Bahia,Brazil.Families are featured in bold. &dagger;¤ Taxa not identified following Segers (2007). ** New occurrences for the State. From PA to RD indicates the survey of species of published data. From VC to CRB indicates the survey of species in this study of 2010 to 2016. Meaning of the codes follows table 1.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>Published studies</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>Sampling in this study</th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>DIGONONTA (= BDELLOIDEA)</th></tr><tr><th>Philodinidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas,1766)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>MONOGONONTA</th></tr><tr><th>Asplanchinidae Eckstein,1883</th></tr><tr><th>Asplanchna priodonta Gosse,1850</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Asplanchnopus multiceps (Schrank, 1793) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet, 1911</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse,1851 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus angularis Gosse,1851</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus angularis angularis Gosse,1851 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus bidentatus Anderson, 1889</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus brevispinus Ehrenberg, 1832</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas,1766</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>40.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus Pallas,1766</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus caudatus Barrois & Daday,1894</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus dolabratus Waning, 1914</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus caudatus f. austrogenitus Ahlstrom,1940**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus caudatus f. majusculus Ahlstrom 1940**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus caudatus f.vulgatus Ahlstrom 1940**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>40.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus havanaensis Rousselet, 1991 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus mirus Daday,1905</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus pala anuraeiformis Brehm,1909</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus patulus Müller,1786</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus patullus patullus Müller,1786 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus patulus var. macrocanthus Jakubski,1912 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus plicatilis Muller,1786 **</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus plicatilis plicatilis Müller,1786 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus polyacanthoide Berzin&scaron;,1943 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus pterodinoides Rousselet,1913 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann,1783</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>40.00</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus quadridentatus f. cluniorbicularis Skorikov,1894**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermann,1783 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus q. q. cluniorbicularis Skorikov,1894**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg, 1838</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus urceolaris Müller, 1773 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Brachionus urceolaris nilsoni (Ahlstrom,1940) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionus variabilis Hempel, 1896 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Keratella americana Carlin,1943</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>66.67</td></tr><tr><th>Brachionidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>Keratella cochlearis (Gosse,1851)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Keratella cochlearis f.hispida (Lauterborn,1898)</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Keratella cochlearis f.tecta (Gosse,1851)</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Keratella lenzi Hauer,1953</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Keratella tropica (Apstein,1907)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Keratella tropica reducta Fadeev,1927</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>40.00</td></tr><tr><th>Plationus patulus (Muller,1786)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Conochilidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Conochilus coenobasis (Skorikov, 1914)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Conochilus dossuarius Hudson, 1885</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Conochilus unicornis Rousselet, 1892</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Conochilus cf.unicornis Rousselet, 1892</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Dicranophoridae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Dicranophorus epicharis Harring & Myers,1928</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Epiphanidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Epiphanes clavatula (Ehrenberg, 1832)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Epiphanes macroura (Barrois & Daday,1894) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Proalides tentaculatus de Beauchamp,1907</th><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Euchlanidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse, 1886) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>Euclanis arenosa Myers,1936 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Euclanis dilatata Ehrenberg,1832</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Euchlanis meneta Myers,1930</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Euchlanis lyra Hudson,1886</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Filiniidae Harring & Myers,1926</th></tr><tr><th>Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg,1834)</th><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Filinia longiseta var.passa Ehrenberg,1834 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Filinia minuta (Smirnov,1928) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Filinia opoliensis (Zacharias, 1898) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Filinia terminalis (Plate,1886) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Flosculariidae Ehrenberg,1838</th></tr><tr><th>Sinantherina spinosa (Thorpe, 1893)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Gastropodidae</th></tr><tr><th>Gastropus hyptopus (Ehrenberg, 1938)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Hexarthridae Bartos,1959</th></tr><tr><th>Hexarthra intermedia brasiliensis Hauer,1953 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Hexarthra mira (Hudson,1871)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Hexarthra fennica (Levander, 1892) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecanidae Remane,1933</th></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Lecane aquila Harring & Myers, 1926 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane aculeata (Jakubski,1912) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane arcuata (Bryce,1981) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane braumi Koste,1988 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane bulla (Gosse,1851)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane bulla bulla (Gosse,1851) **</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>53.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane closterocerca (Schmarda, 1859) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane cornuta (Müller,1786) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane curvicornis (Murray,1913)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane clara (Bryce,1892)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Lecane elegans Harring,1914 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane elsa Hauer,1931</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecanidae Remane,1933</th></tr><tr><th>Lecane haliclysta Harring & Myers, 1926</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane furcata (Murray,1913)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>40.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane hamata (Stokes,1896) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane hastata (Murray,1913) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg, 1834) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane imbricata Carlin,1939 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane kutikowa Koste,1972 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane latissima Yamamoto, 1955 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane leontina (Turner,1892)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>60.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane ludwigii (Eckstein,1883) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane luna (Müller,1776)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane lunaris (Ehrenberg,1832)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane lunaris crenata (Harring, 1913) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Lecane lunaris f. constricta (Murray 1913)**</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane minuta Segers,1994 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane monostyla (Daday,1897) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>26.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane nana (Murray,1913) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane nelsoni Segers,1994 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane niothis Harring & Myers, 1926 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane papuana (Murray,1913) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane punctata (Murray,1913) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane pyriformis (Daday,1905)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane quadridentata (Ehrenberg, 1830) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane rhytida Harring e Myers, 1926</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane spinulifera (Edmondson, 1935)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane crepida Harring,1914 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecanidae Remane,1933</th></tr><tr><th>Lecane stenroosi (Meissner,1908)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane stichaea Hairing,1913</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane subulata (Harring & Myers, 1926) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane tabida Harring & Myers, 1926 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lecane thalera (Harring & Myers, 1926) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Lecane ungulata (Gosse 1887)</th><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lepadellidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Colurella adriatica Ehrenberg, 1831 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Colurella salina Althaus,1957 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Colurella obtusa obtusa (Gosse, 1856) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>20.00</td></tr><tr><th>Lepadella patella patella (Müller, 1786) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>46.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lepadella benjamini Harring,1916</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Lepadella ovalis (Muller,1786)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Squatinella mutica (Ehrenberg, 1832) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Mytilinidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Mytilina mucronata (Muller,1773)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Mytilina ventralis (Ehrenberg, 1830)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Notommatidae Hudson & Gosse, 1886</th></tr><tr><th>Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg, 1830) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Cephalodella tenuiseta (Burn,1890)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Monommata actices Myers,1930 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Notommata cerberus (Gosse,1886)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Notommata copeus Ehrenberg, 1834</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Scaridiidae Manfredi,1927</th></tr><tr><th>Scaridium longicaudum (Muller, 1786)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Synchaetidae Hudson & Gosse, 1886</th></tr><tr><th>Ploesoma truncatum (Levander, 1894)</th><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Polyarthra dolichoptera Idelson, 1925</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>60.00</td></tr><tr><th>Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin,1943</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Synchaeta stylata Wierzejski,1893</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Testudinellidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Pompholyx cf. sulcata Hudson, 1885</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Testudinella dendradena de Beauchamp,1955 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>33.33</td></tr><tr><th>Testudinella patina (Hermann, 1783)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocercidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca bicristata (Gosse, 1887) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca bidens (Lucks,1912)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>PA</td><td>GL</td><td>CS</td><td>BR</td><td>XX</td><td>SD</td><td>RD</td><td>FS</td><td>VC</td><td>MC</td><td></td><td>CRB</td><td></td><td>FO (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>TCT</td><td>RS</td><td>BS</td><td>SFb</td><td>SFx</td><td>SFs</td><td>SFr</td><td>RPC</td><td>LB</td><td>RFBJ</td><td>RT</td><td>RP</td><td>RS</td><td>RCo</td><td>RCa</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca capucina (Wierzejski e Zacharias,1893)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca cf. lata (Jennings, 1894)</th><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca cylindrica (Imhof, 1891)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca elongata (Gosse, 1886) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Trichocerca elongata braziliensis (Murray,1913)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca heterodactila (Tschugunoff,1921)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca insignis (Herrick,1885)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca intermedia (Stenroos, 1898)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>&dagger;¤ Trichocerca fusiforme Gosse,1886 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca marina (Daday, 1890) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocercidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca pusilla (Jennings,1903)</th><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>80.00</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca ruttneri Donner, 1953 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca similis grandis Hauer, 1965 **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca similis similis (Wierzejski,1893) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca tenuidens (Hauer, 1931) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichocerca vernalis (Hauer, 1936) **</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>13.33</td></tr><tr><th>Trichotriidae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Macrochaetus collinsii (Gosse, 1867)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Macrochaetus sericus (Thorpe, 1893)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg, 1830)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr><tr><th>Trochosphaeridae Harring,1913</th></tr><tr><th>Horaella thomassoni Koste,1973</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.67</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

News Collections from GDELT

Description on: https://github.com/GoloMarcos/OCTCMG

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for manuscript "Prevalence in News Media of two Competing Hypotheses about COVID-19 Origins"

The Covid-19 pandemic has been one of the most disruptive and painful phenomena of the last few decades. As of July 2021, the origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the outbreak remain a mystery. This work analyzes the prevalence in news media articles of two popular hypotheses about SARS-CoV-2 virus origins: the natural emergence and the lab-leak hypotheses.  This data set contains frequency counts of target words in news and opinion articles from 12 popular news media outlets. The target words are listed in the associated manuscript and are mostly words associated with the Covid-19 pandemic.  The list of compressed files in this data set is listed next: targetWordsInArticlesCounts.rar contains counts of target words in outlets articles as well as total counts of words in articles targetWordsFrequencies.rar daily, weekly, monthly word frequencies wordEmbeddingModels.rar monthly embedding models of news outlets content analysisScripts.rar analysis notebooks The textual content of news and opinion articles from the outlets is available in the outlet's online domains and/or public cache repositories such as Google cache, The Internet Wayback Machine, and Common Crawl. We used derived word frequency counts from these sources. Textual content included in our analysis is circumscribed to articles headlines and main body of text of the articles and does not include other article elements such as figure captions. Targeted textual content was located in HTML raw data using outlet specific XPath expressions. Tokens were lowercased prior to estimating frequency counts.  Yearly frequency usage of a target word in an outlet in any given temporal interval ( daily, weekly, monthly) was estimated by dividing the total number of occurrences of the target word in all articles of a given temporal interval by the number of all words in all articles of that temporal interval. This method of estimating frequency accounts for variable volume of total article output over time. In a small percentage of articles, outlet specific XPath expressions might fail to properly capture the content of the article due to the heterogeneity of HTML elements and CSS styling combinations with which articles text content is arranged in outlets online domains. As a result, the total and target word counts metrics for a small subset of articles are not precise. In a random sample of articles and outlets, manual estimation of target words counts overlapped with the automatically derived counts for over 90% of the articles. Most of the incorrect frequency counts are minor deviations from the actual counts such as for instance counting a word in an article footnote encouraging article readers to find related articles and that the XPath expression might mistakenly include as the content of the article main text. Some additional outlet-specific inaccuracies that we could identify occurred in the WSJ where in less than 5% of the articles XPath expressions failed to capture the article's main text content. Other outlets articles samples sizes might not be comprehensive but, to the best of our knowledge, they are representative and include tens of thousands of articles per outlet/year. To conclude, in a data analysis of over 1.5 million articles, we cannot manually check the correctness of frequency counts for every single article and hundred percent accuracy at capturing articles’ content is elusive due to the small number of difficult to detect boundary cases such as incorrect HTML markup syntax in online domains. Overall however, we are confident that our frequency metrics are representative of word prevalence in print news media content (see Figure 1 of main manuscript for supporting evidence).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

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