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FIGURE 15. Porogadus mendax n in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 15. Porogadus mendax n. sp., BMNH 1996.2.14.31, holotype, 290+ mm SL, 31°18'N, 16°47'W, 4435–4457 m.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 3. Lateral line system in Porogadus. Photograph of fish and drawings of opercular neuromast is from P. longiceps, drawings of scales are from P. dracocephalus n. sp.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 2. Panel of comparative head drawings: from top to bottom: Porogadus (P. miles), Tenuicephalus (T. squamilabrus n. sp.) and selected putative related genera; Alcockia (A. rostrata), Bathyonus (B. laticeps) and Penopus (P. microphthalmus).

FIGURE 21 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 21. Porogadus guentheri Jordan & Fowler, 1902; 21A–B, BSKU 86819, 248 mm SL, 32°18'N, 132°21'E, 1678– 1690 m; 21C, NSMT P.101668, 110 mm SL, 27°59'N, 127°34'E, 1276–1319 m.

FIGURE 6 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 6. Schematic otolith drawings depicting morphological terminology (example from Porogadus miles); upper figure right otolith from inner face, lower figure ventral vie of right otolith. Abbreviations used: OCL = ostial colliculum length, CCL = caudal colliculum length.

FIGURE 9. Porogadus caboverdensis n in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 9. Porogadus caboverdensis n. sp.; 9A, BMNH 1995.11.22.1, paratype, 160 mm SL 20°55'N, 31°11'W, 4500–4610 m; 9B, BMNH 1991.7.9.826, holotype, 330 mm SL, 22°08'N, 21°48'W, 4527–4630 m; 9C, BMNH 1998.8.9.9525, paratype, 225 mm SL, 20°08'N, 24°49'W, 4500–4600 m.

FIGURE 17 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 17. Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885; 17A,C, ZMUC P77588, 322 mm SL, 37°03'N, 74°07'W, 2150 m; 17B,D, ZMUC P2397222, 274 mm SL, 25°07'S, 36°49'E, 2140–2230 m; 17E–F, MCZ 167870, 39°37'N, 69°31'W, micro-CT scan; 17G, x-ray photograph of USNM 35625, holotype, 145 mm SL, 38°45'N, 73°03'W, 2136 m,; 17H, x-ray photograph of MNHN 86-537, holotype of P. nudus, 198 mm SL, 20°30'N, 16°32'W, 2321 m.

FIGURE 13. Porogadus longiceps Garman, 1899 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 13. Porogadus longiceps Garman, 1899; 13A–C, MCZ 28660, lectotype, 405 mm SL, 04°56'N, 80°52'W, 3240 m; 13D, MCZ 28661, paralectotype, 258 mm SL, 07°15'N, 79°36'W, 1865 m.

FIGURE 12. Porogadus dracocephalus n in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 12. Porogadus dracocephalus n. sp.; 12A–B, NSMT-P 98894, paratype, 320 mm SL, 24°51'N, 127°25'E, 4466– 4634 m, head drawing; 12C, BMNH 1939.5.24.1453, paratype, 131 mm SL, 12°29'N, 50°51'E, 2312 m, head drawing; 12D–E, MNHN 2002-3875, holotype, 144 mm SL, 09°00'S 159°49'E, 1169–1203 m, head drawing; 12F–G, NSMT-P 63890, paratype, 133 mm SL, 25°25'N, 124°57'E, 2133 m, head drawing; 12H–I, NSMT-P 98894, paratype, 320 mm SL, 24°51'N, 127°25'E, 4466–4634 m, otolith (H inner face, I ventral view); 12J, BMNH 1939.5.24.1453, paratype, 131 mm SL, 12°29'N, 50°51'E, 2312 m, otolith (inner face).

FIGURE 16. Porogadus mendax n in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 16. Porogadus mendax n. sp.; 16A–B, BMNH 1996.2.14.31, holotype, 290+ mm SL, 31°18'N, 16°47'W, 4435–4457 m, head drawing; 16C–D, BMNH 1995.11.22.4, paratype, 287 mm SL 20°55'N, 31°11'W, 4500–4610 m, head drawing; 16E–F, BMNH 1996.2.14.31, holotype, 290+ mm SL, 31°18'N, 16°47'W, 4435–4457 m, otolith (E inner face, F ventral view); 16G–H, BMNH 1995.11.22.4, paratype, 287 mm SL, 20°55'N, 31°11'W, 4500–4610 m, otolith (G inner face, H ventral view).

FIGURE 19 in Revision of the 'dragon-head' cusk eels of the genus Porogadus (Teleostei: Ophidiidae), with description of eight new species and one new genus

FIGURE 19. Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885, otoliths; 19A–B, BSKU 35715, 38°44'N, 143°11'E, 1950–1960 m, 354 mm SL (A inner face, B ventral view); 19C–D, USNM 316573, 38°45'N, 72°39'W, 2110–2160 m, (C inner face, D ventral view); 19E, ZMUC P77588, 322 mm SL, 37°03'N, 74°07'W, 2150 m, (inner face); 19F–G, ZMUC P2397222, 274 mm SL, 25°07'S, 36°49'E, 2140–2230 m, (F inner face, G ventral view); 19H, ZMUC P2397226, 165 mm SL, 30°30'S, 48°53'E, (inner face); 19I, ZMUC P2397224, 265 mm SL, 32°45'S, 45°31'E, (inner face); 19L–M, MNHN 2004-1327, 282 mm SL, 05°49'S, 09°43'E, 3172–3193 m, (L inner face, M ventral view). 19J–K, Porogadus aff. miles, MNHN 1995-948, 387 mm SL, 14°49'S, 167°15'E, 1360 m, (J inner face, K ventral view).

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic revision of the Ophidion holbrookii Putnam, 1874 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) species complex, with description of a new species from Brazil

FIGURE 6. Gas Bladder and Sonic Apparatus of Ophidion zavalai. A. Adult male, paratype, ZUEC 17383, 299 mm TL. B. Young male, AZUSC 90251, 189 mm TL. C. Adult female, fresh specimen uncatalogued. D. Adult male, uncatalogued fresh specimen. E. Young male, uncatalogued fresh specimen. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of the Ophidion holbrookii Putnam, 1874 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) species complex, with description of a new species from Brazil

FIGURE 1. Best maximum likelihood tree of aligned COI sequences with node labels representing bootstrap support values after 1000 pseudoreplicates.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic revision of the Ophidion holbrookii Putnam, 1874 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) species complex, with description of a new species from Brazil

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of Ophidion zavalai n. sp. A. Holotype, MPEG 39113, male, 271 mm SL. B. Non type, AZUSC 6917 male, 181 mm SL. C. Paratype, MPEG 39114, female, 250 mm SL. D. Non type, AZUSC 1698, female, 167 mm SL.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic revision of the Ophidion holbrookii Putnam, 1874 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) species complex, with description of a new species from Brazil

FIGURE 2. Lateral view of Ophidion holbrookii. A. Holotype, MCZ 34010, 138 mm SL, Key West, Florida, U.S.A. B. UF 232191, male, 246.4 mm SL, Yucatan, México. C. UF 185151, female, 207.4 mm SL, Florida, USA.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic revision of the Ophidion holbrookii Putnam, 1874 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) species complex, with description of a new species from Brazil

FIGURE 4. Sampling localities of Ophidion holbrookii (red) and Ophidion zavalai (yellow), based on material examined in the present study. Some symbols represent more than one locality or a large number of specimens.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae) from Hawai'i, with the description of a larval coiling behavior

FIGURE 3. Adult and larvae of Monomitopus agassizii from the Western Atlantic. A) USNM 407201, a genetically matching adult to newly identified larvae USNM 465352 and USNM 465385. B) USNM 465352. C) Close-up of USNM 465352 head. D) USNM 465385. E) close-up of USNM 465385 head.

FIGURE 2. A in New species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae) from Hawai'i, with the description of a larval coiling behavior

FIGURE 2. A) Map of collection localities for M. ainonaka sp. nov. Star indicates locality of holotype (USNM 267749). Circle indicates locality of larva (USNM 454563). B) Phylogeny of Monomitopus spp. Bootstrap values>50% listed. Silhouettes indicate developmental stage of the genetic voucher.

FIGURE 1 in New species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae) from Hawai'i, with the description of a larval coiling behavior

FIGURE 1. Adult and larva of Monomitopus ainonaka sp. nov. from the Hawaiian Islands. A) USNM 267749 holotype. B) Radiograph of holotype. C) Larva, USNM 454563, captured by A. and N. Deloach offshore of Kona, Hawaiʻi, 11 November 2021. D) Close-up of USNM 454563 head.

FIGURE 4 in New species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae) from Hawai'i, with the description of a larval coiling behavior

FIGURE 4. Blackwater photos of larval Monomitopus spp. in Ianniello's coil. A) M. ainonaka sp. nov. USNM 454563, captured and photographed by A. Deloach, N. Deloach, and S. Kovacs off Kona, Hawaiʻi, 11 Nov 2021. B) and C) M. agassizii, USNM 465352, captured and photographed by R. Collins, A. Deloach, and N. Deloach off West Palm Beach, Florida, 7 May 2021. D) M. sp. off Anilao, Philippines, ~10 m depth over 150 m, 5 Dec 2019. Photo © S. Kovacs. E) M. cf. magnus off West Palm Beach, Florida, ~15 m depth over 220 m, 25 Feb 2021. Photo © S. Kovacs. F–H) M. agassizii, USNM 465385, transitioning from dextral coil, to uncoiling, to sinistral coil, captured and photographed by D. Devers off West Palm Beach, Florida, 24 Mar 2021. I–P) Uncaptured M. agassizii, repeatedly transitioning coil handedness over three-minute interval (see text for time intervals), photographed by L. Ianniello off West Palm Beach, Florida, 9–12 m depth over 220 m, 2 Mar 2021. Photos © L. Ianniello.