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Fig. 8 Dendronotus dalli Bergh, 1879 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 8 Dendronotus dalli Bergh, 1879, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, MIMB 42234a. B, MIMB 42234c. C, MIMB 42233. D, MIMB 42234c, right jaw plate. E, MIMB 42234c, denticulation of masticatory border. F, MIMB 42234c, radula. G—MIMB 42234c, rachidian tooth, posterior radular portion. H, MIMB 422342c, lateral teeth, posterior radular portion. Scale bars: A–C, 10 mm; D, F, 500 µm; E, G, H, 50 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 7 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 7 Genus Tritonia, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42248. B, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42249. C, Tritonia psoloides MIMB 42245 in natural environment collected by ROV. D, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246 in natural environment; a specimen is marked by a white arrow. E, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. F, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, middle lateral teeth. G, Tritonia tetraquetra MIMB 42246, outer lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm. E, F, 100 µm; G, 200 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Mayorova and team of ROV "Komanch"

Fig. 6 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 6 Colga pacifica (Bergh, 1894) MIMB 42231, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, B, living specimens. C, middle radular portion. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm, C, 500 µm. Living photo by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 5 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 5 Cadlina sp. MIMB 42230, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, dorsal view of living specimen, ca. 15 mm in length. B, labial cuticle. C, details of labial cuticle. D, radula. E, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. F, inner lateral teeth. G, outer lateral teeth. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, D, 300 µm; C, 10 µm; E–G, 30 µm. Living photo by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 4 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 4 Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of studied groups. A, genus Bathydoris, Bayesian inference, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI+ 16S + H3 + 28S). B, genus Cadlina, maximum likelihood, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI+ 16S + H3 + 28S), species-level clades and outgroups (Dendrodoris and Aldisa) are collapsed to a single branch. C, genus Tritonia, maximum likeli-

Fig. 3 Reproductive system. A in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 3 Reproductive system. A, Bathydoris antoni sp. nov., general view. B, Bathydoris antoni sp. nov., male part and female gland mass partly removed. C, Dendronotus patricki, MIMB 42240. D, Dendronotus kurilensis sp. nov., paratype MIMB 42238. Abbreviations:

Fig. 2 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 2 Bathydoris antoni sp. nov, holotype MIMB 42229, external morphology and SEM micrographs of internal morphology. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view from left. D, lateral view from right. E, jaw plate. F, radula. G, anterior radular portion. H, details of denticulation in rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. I, inner and middle lateral teeth. Scale bars: A–D, 5 mm; E, F, 500 µm; G, I, 100 µm; H, 50 µm. Living photos by Anastassya Maiorova

Fig. 1 in Connected across the ocean: taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species

Fig. 1 Map of the Northwest Pacific representing collection sites and respective nudibranch species found

Figure 10 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 10. Valettietta trottarum holotype, immature, 10.5 mm, NHMUK 2024.37, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4313 m. MX = Maxilla; Md = Mandible; MXP = Maxilliped; LL = Lower lip; UL = Upper lip; l = left; r = right. Unfilled circles indicate setal bases.

Figure 4 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 4. Photographs of Valettietta synchlys: top, holotype, immature, NHMUK 2024.63, preserved specimen; bottom, paratype, immature, NHMUK 2024.75, fresh specimen showing ocular patch. Scale bar = 2mm.

Figure 2 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 2. Bayesian tree showing the relationships between amphipod species based on a concatenated dataset of 16S and COI sequence data. Bayesian posterior probability values greater than 0.5 (before /) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap values (after /) are shown on branch nodes. Branches are labelled by species name, with collection location and depth (m) in brackets. Asterisks indicate sequences added by this study. Species delimitation results and family are denoted on the right. Scale indicates time relative to root age. Location abbreviations are as follows, CCZ—Clarion-Clipperton Zone; ANS—Afanasy Nikitin Seamount; WZFZ—Wallaby Zenith Fracture Zone; NHT—New Hebrides Trench; MT—Mariana Trench; PAP—Porcupine Abyssal Plain; PCT—Peru-Chile Trench; AnB—Angola Basin; ArB—Argentine Basin; BB—Brazil Basin; KT—Kermadec Trench; SEIR—South East Indian Ridge; MAR—Mid-Atlantic Ridge. For complete references and accession numbers for sequences see Supporting information, Tables S2, S3.

Figure 1 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 1. Distribution of Valettietta Lincoln & Thurston, 1983 species. A, all published records of Valettietta species. Stars represent type localities and circles all other records. Filled shapes indicate specimens identified by morphology and DNA, and empty shapes indicate specimens identified by morphology only. Individuals only tentatively identified by morphology (e.g. V. cf. gracilis), or only identified to genus level are not shown. Black boxes indicate location of map sections B and C. B, type locality for V. trottarum and V. synchlys within the ClarionClipperton Zone. C, paratype locality for V. synchlys within the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. See Supporting information, Table S2 for full specimen collection details.

Figure 7 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 7. Valettietta synchlys holotype, immature, NHMUK 2024.63, 16.1 mm, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4230 m. P = Pleopod; U = Uropod; T = Telson.

Figure 3 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 3. Bayesian tree showing the relationships between amphipod species based on a concatenated dataset of 16S, COI, H3, and 28S sequence data. Bayesian posterior probability values above 0.5 (before /) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap values (after /) are shown on branch nodes. Branches are labelled by species name, with collection location and depth (m) in brackets. Asterisks indicate sequences added by this study. Species delimitation results and family are denoted on the right. Scale indicates time relative to root age. Location abbreviations are as follows, CCZ—Clarion-Clipperton Zone; ANS—Afanasy Nikitin Seamount; WZFZ—Wallaby Zenith Fracture Zone; NHT—New Hebrides Trench; MT—Mariana Trench; PAP—Porcupine Abyssal Plain; PCT—Peru-Chile Trench; AnB—Angola Basin; MAR—MidAtlantic Ridge. For complete references and accession numbers for sequences see Supporting information, Tables S2, S3.

Figure 6 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 6. Valettietta synchlys holotype, immature, NHMUK 2024.63, 16.1 mm, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4230 m. MX = Maxilla; Md = Mandible; MXP = Maxilliped; LL = Lower lip; l = left; r = right. Unfilled circles indicate setal bases.

Figure 8 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 8. Valettietta trottarum holotype, immature, NHMUK 2024.37, preserved specimen. Scale bar = 1mm.

Figure 11 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 11. Valettietta trottarum holotype, immature, 10.5 mm, NHMUK 2024.37, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4313 m. P = Pleopod; U = Uropod; T = Telson. P7 and U3 are illustrated from the paratype, immature, 8.79 mm, NHMUK 2024.53.

Figure 5 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 5. Valettietta synchlys holotype, immature, NHMUK 2024.63, 16.1 mm, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4230 m. A = Antenna; GN = Gnathopod. Unfilled circles indicate setal bases.

Figure 9 in Biogeography and phylogeny of the scavenging amphipod genus Valettietta (Amphipoda: Alicelloidea), with descriptions of two new species from the abyssal Pacific Ocean

Figure 9. Valettietta trottarum holotype, immature, 10.5 mm, NHMUK 2024.37, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, 4313 m. A = Antenna; GN = Gnathopod.